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1、Unit 2,Robots,复习动词不定式的被动语态,一.复习被动语态,英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；如:Many people speak English.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：English is spoken by many people.,我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候, 或强调动作的承受者时。,读课文中句子分析被动语态的构成,1. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.2.
2、The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine.,构成: be + 动词的过去分词,时,式,二.常见主被动时态变化一览表,am/is/are being given,has/ have been given,was/were being given,had been given,shall/will have been given,e.g. I am given a pen., 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done 一般现在/过去时： The book _.一般/过去将来时: The book _
3、. The book _.现在/过去进行时：The book _.现在/过去完成时:The book _.情态动词： The book_.,is/ was published,will/would be published,is/was going to be published,is/was being published,has/had been published,can/could/may/mightbe published,以 the book , publish 为例,1. My cakes _(eat) by the dog.2. The room _ (clean) every
4、day.3. He will _(send)to Africa next week. 4. Printing _(introduce) to Europe from China. 5. Look! There is nothing here. Everything _(take) away.,were eaten,is cleaned,be sent,was introduced,has been taken,不定式由“_ ”构成, 其否定形式是“_”, 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语, 在句子中作_、_、_、_、_、_或 _结构。不定式没有人称和数的变化, 但有_和_的变化。,独立,主
5、语,表语,宾语,宾补,定语,状语,时态 语态,动词不定式,to + do (动词原形),not to do,不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have been done,当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用_语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用 _语态。进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。,主动,被动,To love and to be
6、love are the greatest happiness.,不定式被动语态作_语,主,_ (encourage) makes me confident.,To be encouraged,It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.,不定式被动语态作_语,主,形式主语,改写: To be cheated is a disappointment._.,It is a disappointment to be cheated.,Are you going to the meeting to be held next week?,不定式被动
7、语态作_语,后置定,1. 翻译: 即将建成的图书馆位于市中心 _,The library to be built lies in the city center.,She hates to be cheated.,不定式被动语态作_语,宾,翻译: 它拒绝被吃掉_,It refuses to be eaten.,常接不定式做宾语的动词,速记口诀：三个希望两答应：_ 两个要求莫拒绝：_设法学会做决定：_不要假装在选择：_,hope, wish, want, agree, promise,demand, ask, refuse,manage, learn, decide,pretend, choos
8、e,Look at the picture and complete the sentences:,The dishes need_. The mail needs _.The singer refused_.The house _.,to be washed,to be sent,to be photographed,to be sold,(wash),(send),(photograph),(被要求sell),All the gifts must be sent immediately so as to be received before Christmas.,不定式作_语,目的状,He
9、 rushed home to be told his parents had passed away.,不定式作 _ 语,结果状,To be praised by the teacher, the girl works very hard,不定式作_语,原因状,He is too young to be sent to school.,不定式作_语,结果状,DaXiongs dream is to be admired by others, especially Jing Xiang.,不定式作_语,跟在_等词之后,表,系动词、感官动词,1.The project is _(complete
10、) by next month.2.The cleaning is _(finish) by afternoon.3. My dream is _(admitted) to the Peking University.,to be completed,to be finished,to be admitted,He order the baggage to be brought to his room.,不定式作_语,宾语补足,翻译: 1.老板要求邮件要在中午前发._2. 我看着他被带走。_,The boss demanded the email to be sent before this
11、afternoon.,I saw him to be taken away.,The girl asked to be given another chance to try.,不定式被动语态作_语,复合谓,翻译: 妇女希望被平等对待。_,Women hope to be treated equally.,1. It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. 2. She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.3. The books are not allowed to be t
12、aken out of the room.,不定式有时还可以有完成时的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。,4. He thought it is an honour to have been invited to the party. 5. The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. 6. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.,complex predicate,1. 试比较。 1. Im going t
13、o the post office. I have a letter to send.2. Im going to the post office. Do you have any letter to be sent.,当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，_ 用主动形式表被动；当句子主语与逻辑主语不一致时，_ 用主动形式表被动,可以,不可以,1. I have a lot of word _ (say).2. -Secretary: Do you have any letter _ (type). - Boss: No, not yet.,to say,to be typed,2. 在there b
14、e结构中。 There is a lot of homework to do. There is no time to waste.,翻译: 没有什么吃的。_,There is nothing to eat.,3. 在“ be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, fit, dangerous等。,翻译：爬墙很危险。_,e.g. English is hard to le
15、arn.,Walls are dangerous to climb.,4. 在 “too to / enough to ”结构中。,The problem is too difficult to work out.The house is big enough to live in.,翻译：她太小而不能被送去学校。_,She is too young to send to school.,翻译:许多工作要做,我无法去电影院。_,5. 在“with + n. + to do”结构中。,With nothing to do, he lay in bed.,With a lot of works t
16、o do, I cant go to the cinema.,一般现在时：_一般过去时：_一般将来时：_ _过去将来时：_现在进行时：_过去进行时：_现在完成时：_过去完成时：_将来完成时：_,am / is / are + done,was / were + done,will be/ shall be/ +donebe going to be + done,would be + done,am / is / are being + done,was / were being +done,have / has been +done,had been + done,will/shall bee
17、n + done,1. My father will repair my bike for me.,My bike _ by my father for me.,2. I have found my wallet.,My wallet _.,3. She told me to wait here for her.,I _ to wait here for her.,will be repaired,has been found,was told,Practice,4. The police will surely arrest the murderer. The murderer will s
18、urely _ by the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech. Mr. Green _ to make a speech.,be arrested,was invited,6. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room. Those books mustnt _ out of the reading-room.,be taken,一般式：,被动式：完成被动式：,主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语,to be done,to have been done,to do,可做
19、什么成分？,主语宾语表语宾补定语状语,6. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动. 常用的动词有 let(出租), rent, hire, blame等,1. We lost the football game. I felt I was to blame.2. The house is to let,翻译:酒驾的司机为这起车祸负责。_,The drunk driver is to blame for this accident,7. want/need + v.-ing 表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。sth. need doing = need sth to be dones
20、th. want doing = want sth to be done_,翻译:你头发要去理一理了。_,Your hair needs cuting/ Your hair needs to be cut.,My car needs repairing.=_,My car needs to be repaired.,必须/需要 做某事,8. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动 词可以表示被动意义。,smelltasteprove,无被动，用主动表被动,1. The dish tastes delicious. 2. The theory proved right at last.,翻译: 这朵
21、花很好闻。_,This flower smells good.,sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售”。This kind of cloth _ . (耐洗),cook washwrite sell read,+ well（程度副词）,The book is so interesting that it sells well.,washes well,翻译: 这支刚笔很好写。_,This pen writes well.,beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit, become, contain, cost, fit,
22、 have, lack, suit, take等。,This new English-Chinese dictionarycosts me ten dollars.,9. 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词有：,翻译: 从坐飞机到上海要花半个小时。_,It takes half an hour to Shanghai by air.,战争爆发了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.,10. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。,翻译: 昨晚发生了一场车祸。_,An traffic accident happene
23、d.,1. She hates _ (laugh at) by her classmates. 2. Tim refused _ (accompany) by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ (understand) by the French visitors.,to be accompanied,to be understood,to be laughed at,4. These are the issues _ (discuss) tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ (test) out on 500 patien
24、ts next year.6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ (envy) by all the girls she met.,to be tested,to be envied,to be discussed,Go over the passive voice,一般现在时：_1) English is spoken by many people. 2) I am asked to get up early everyday.3) The books are written by Lu Xun.,am / is / are + done
25、,一般过去时：_These computers were made in our own country.一般将来时：_Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?,was / were + done,will / shall be + done,过去将来时：_The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,would be + given,现在进行时：_The machine is being repaired in theworkshop.,am
26、/ is / are being + done,过去进行时：_The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky.现在完成时：_Great progress has also been made in culture and education.,was / were being +done,have / has been +done,过去完成时：_ The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War .将来完成时：_The book will have been
27、published by the end of next month.,had been + done,will / shall have been + done,含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：_,情态动词 + be + done,This problem can be solved. Whats done cannot be undone.,1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动 词可以表示被动意义。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read 1) The dish tastes delicious. 2) The
28、theory proved right at last.,The book is so interesting that it sells well. sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售”。This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗),need + v.-ing 表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。 我的车需要修理。 My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired).,如：战争爆发了。The war broke out.The war was broke out.,4. 通常
29、只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。,“be + 过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：,The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.,Go over the grammar. Finish the exercises on P13-14.,
