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1、英美文学概况,Mr.Potato,1. 主要考什么2. 应该怎么记3. 明年最可能考什么,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,1. 主要考什么以作家为中心（国别, 类型，年代，流派，代表作品，代表体裁）重要文学术语和流派的定义,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,2009年真题35. Ode to the West Wind was written byA. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Percy B. Shelley试题类型：作品和作家匹配,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,2005年真题3
2、7. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems. B. his plays.C. his short stories. D. his novels2009年真题36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.试题类型：作家和代表体裁匹配,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,2005年真
3、题36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot. C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.试题类型：作家和流派匹配,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,2008年真题37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Less
4、ing.D. Muriel Spark.试题类型：作家和年代的匹配,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,2006年真题37._ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram试题类型：文学术语定义,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,文学试题统计-按国家和体裁分,文学试题统计-按年代分,从国别看，英国8题（53%），美国5题（33%），爱尔兰1题（6%）（不涉国别的文学体裁1题，6%）从年代看: 中世纪7%,
5、 19世纪(47%), 20世纪(40%), 其他7%从试题类型看，作品作家匹配12题（80%），作家年代识别1题（约7%），作家流派识别1题（约7%），文学体裁识别1题（约7%）,总结,1. 主要考什么2. 应该怎么记3. 明年最可能考什么,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,1. 主要考什么2. 应该怎么记:记姓不记名 (个别作家除外),LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,William Blake 威廉 布莱克William Wordsworth 威廉 华兹华斯Samuel Taylor Coleridge 萨缪尔 泰勒 柯勒律治Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西比西雪莱,L
6、OREM IPSUM DOLOR,Blake 布莱克Wordsworth 华兹华斯Coleridge 柯勒律治Shelley 雪莱,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,1. 主要考什么2. 应该怎么记3. 明年最可能考什么,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,3. 明年最可能考什么英国文艺复兴戏剧和史诗: Shakespeare莎士比亚, 弥尔顿Milton英国18世纪小说家和戏剧家:Defoe笛福，Fielding菲尔丁,谢立丹Sheridan美国19世纪诗人和小说家: Dickinson迪金森, Hawthorne霍桑 美国20世纪诗人和小说家：Pound庞德, Fitzgerald 菲茨
7、杰拉德, Faulkner 福克纳,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Shakespeare莎士比亚Drama,Pope蒲柏Poetry, novel,Wordsworthpoetry,Dickens狄更斯Novel,Joyce乔伊斯,Chaucer乔叟narrative poem,Beowulfepic,Franklin 富兰克林prose,Whitman惠特曼poetry,Mark Twain马克-吐温novel,T.S EliotT.S艾略特,Beowulf （贝奥武甫）-The first English national epic,Old English Literature 古英
8、语文学（450-1066年）,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,中古英语文学（1066-1500）,中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）,Geoffrey Chauce
9、r (乔叟，c. 13431400),Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟，c. 13431400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集, called the father of English literature“英国文学之父”,中古英语文学（1066-1500）,William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowma
10、n农夫皮尔斯.,古英语和中世纪文学（5世纪-1500）,Beowulf + William Langland + Chaucer武夫在土地上杀了姓乔的老头,文艺复兴（16-17世纪）,William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 维拉斯和阿多尼斯The Rape of Lucrece.鲁克丽丝受辱记,文艺复兴（16-1
11、7世纪）,Shakespeares greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 李尔王,Macbeth麦克白,Hamlet哈姆雷特, Othello奥赛罗,Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶great comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦,As You Like It 皆大欢喜 ,The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人, Twelfth Night 第十二夜great historical plays: Richard III 理查三世 ,Henry IV 亨利四世
12、, Henry V 亨利五世, Henry VII 亨利八世,文艺复兴（16-17世纪）,When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself, and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featurd like him, like him with friends po
13、ssessd, Desiring this mans art, and that mans scope, With what I most enjoy contented least: Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee,-and then my state (Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth) sings hymns at heavens gate; For thy sweet love rememberd
14、such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings.,Sonnet 29,John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674) was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost失乐园, Paradise Regained复乐园 Samson 力士参孙.,文艺复兴（16-17世纪）,Paradise Lost失乐园,Alex
15、ander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 人论and An Essay on Criticism 论批评,18世纪文学和新古典主义,Epigram (隽语)I am His
16、 Highness dog at Kew; Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you? Alexander PopeHeroic couplet (英雄双韵体)O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream My great example, as it is my theme! Though deep, yet clear, though gentle, yet not dull, Strong without rage, without oerflowing full.,18世纪文学和新古典主义,epigram隽语
17、Here lies my wife: here let her lie! Now shes at rest and so am I. John Dryden Im tired of Love: Im still more tired of Rhyme. But Money gives me pleasure all the time. Hilaire Belloc,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，16601731) was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson
18、Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记, spokesman for middle-class people.,18世纪文学和新古典主义,18世纪文学和新古典主义,Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 -1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel: The History of Tom Jones.,18世纪文学和新古典主义,Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gull
19、ivers Travels格列佛游记.,Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，17511816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners.,18世纪文学和新古典主义,18世纪文学和新古典主义,Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,17131768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram
20、Shandy （商第传）.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (威克菲尔德牧师传记),Thomas Gray (托马斯格雷 17161771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard（墓畔哀歌）, writer of sentimentalism感伤派.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,en.wikisource.o
21、rg/wiki/Elegy_Written_in_a_Country_ChurchyardFar from the madding crowds ignoble strife,Their sober wishes never learnd to stray;Along the cool sequestered vale of lifeThey kept the noiseless tenor of their way.,Hardy小说远离尘嚣,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tem
22、por incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）,William Blake (1757 1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 天真之歌and Song of Ex
23、perience经验之歌. 334页2009年真题,浪漫主义诗人,To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower,Hold Infinity in the palm of your handAnd Eternity in an hour.一沙见世界，一花窥天堂，手中握无限，须臾纳永恒。,浪漫主义诗人,浪漫主义诗人,William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped
24、 launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集.Wordsworths magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude序曲.,I WANDERD lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Be
25、side the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine-In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.,Daffodils,Samuel Taylor Coleridge
26、(柯勒律治, 1772 1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂 and Kubla Khan忽必烈汗,浪漫主义诗人,Lake Poets,Wordsworth 华兹华斯
27、,Coleridge 柯勒律治,Southey 骚塞,浪漫主义诗人,George Gordon Byron (拜伦，17881824 ) was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.Amongst Byrons best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 哈罗尔德游记and Don Juan唐璜.,Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822) was one of the major English Romantic po
28、ets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind西风颂, To a Skylark致云雀, Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯.,浪漫主义诗人,Man remainsSceptreless, free, uncircumscribed, but manEqual, unclassed, tribeless, and naitonlessExempt
29、 from awe, worship, degree, the kingOver himself; just, gentle, wise, but man,Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯,浪漫主义诗人,Mary Shelley (玛丽 雪莱1797 1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦, considered as first science fiction,Ode to the West Wind,The trumpet of a prophecy
30、! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 向昏沉的大地吹奏! 哦, 风啊, 如果冬天来了, 春天还会远吗?,John Keats ( 济慈, 17951821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂and Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂.,浪漫主义诗人,浪漫主义诗人,英
31、国浪漫主义五杰 WC+KBS 厕所里看韩剧,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,浪漫主义时期小说家,浪漫主义时期小说家,Jane Austen (17751817) ,
32、was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility (理智与情感), Pride and Prejudice (傲慢与偏见), Emma (爱玛).,浪漫主义时期小说家,Austens House,浪漫主义时期小说家,Walter Scott (司各特, 1771-1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is Ivanhoe艾凡赫.,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur a
33、dipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,Realism 现实主义时期 （Victorian Age 维多利亚时期 1837-1901）,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, se
34、d do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,现实主义时期小说,Bronte sisters 勃朗宁姐妹, Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 1855), Emily (艾米丽, 1818 1848) and Anne (安妮, 1820 1849), were English writer
35、s of the 1840s and 1850s. Charlottes Jane Eyre简爱, Emilys Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 and Annes Agnes Grey艾格妮斯格雷are masterpieces of English literature.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,George Elliot (乔治-爱略特，18191880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely s
36、et in provincial England. Her major novels include:The Mill on the Floss佛洛斯河上的磨坊 Middlemarch米德尔玛契.,Major Writers and Works,Charles Dickens (18121870)：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities 双城记,Oliver Twist 奥利弗退斯特,David Copperfie
37、ld 大卫科波菲尔德, Great Expectation 远大前程, Hard Times 艰难时世,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷，18111863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair名利场,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔夫人 , 1810-1865)was an English novelist
38、during the Victorian era. Her major novels include: Mary Barton 玛丽 巴顿,Thomas Hardy(哈代, 1840 1928) ,an English novelist of the naturalism自然主义. His major novels include: Tess of the dUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣Jude the Obscure. 无名的裘德Most of his novels are set in Wessex（威塞克斯）.,Nat
39、uralism（自然主义） is a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of Realism, a prominent literary movement in
40、 mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin. They believed that ones heredity and social environment determine ones character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to de
41、termine scientifically the underlying forces (i.e. the environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Representative naturalist writers are Emile Zola(French), Geroge Gissing and Thomas Hardy.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Robert Browning (布朗宁, 18121889) was an English poet and playwright who
42、se mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues戏剧独白, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets.,现实主义时期诗歌,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Mr. Browning and Mrs. Browning,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut en
43、im ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of being and ideal grace. I lo
44、ve thee to the level of every days Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as men strive for right. I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to use In my old griefs, and with my childhoods faith. I love thee with a love I seemed to lose Wit
45、h my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death. Elizabeth Barrett Browning,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English
46、 poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including Break, break, break.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,laywright and one novel, known for his aestheticism唯美主义(art for arts sake为了艺术而艺术). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest不可儿戏; His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray道林-格雷的画像.,O
47、scar Wilde (王尔德, 1854 1900),Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,20世纪和现代主义,Bernard Shaw (萧伯纳, 1856-1950)
48、, an Irish playwright, the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, Mrs Warrens Profession华伦夫人的情人, Major Barbara芭芭拉少校, P
49、ygmalion 皮革马力翁 and Saint Joan圣女贞德.,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR,John Galsworthy (高尔斯华绥, 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th century， a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 福尔赛世家which comprises three novels: The Man of Property有产业的人, In Chancery衡平法院 To Let 出租,20世纪,LOR
50、EM IPSUM DOLOR,Joseph Conrad (康拉德, 1857-1932)Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist. His major novels include Lord Jim 吉姆爷and The Heart of Darkness黑暗的心.,An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of the stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses 尤利西斯; A Portrait of the Artist a
