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1、BEIJING,Beijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the Peoples Republic of China. Beijing is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and motorways passing through the city. It is also the focal point of many international flights to China. Beijing is recognized a
2、s the political, educational, and cultural center of the Peoples Republic of China. The best times to visit Beijing are spring (April and May are nicest) and fall (September and October can be beautiful). Beijing or Peking means northern capital. The term Peking originated with French missionaries f
3、our hundred years ago and corresponds to an older pronunciation. The city has been renamed several times: (Jin Dynasty) Zhongdu, (Mongol Yuan Dynasty) Dadu, (Ming Dynasty) Hongwu, Beiping (Peiping)= northern peace, Nanjing, Yanjing. October 1st 1949. Communist Party Of China, under the leadership of
4、 Mao Zedong announced in Tiananmen the creation of the Peoples Republic of China and renamed the city back to Beijing.,The Forbidden City (Zijin Cheng),The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.It is located in the middle of Beijing, Chin
5、a, and now houses the Palace Museum.For almost five centuries, it served as the home of the Emperor and his household, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government.The complex consists 980 surviving buildings with 8,707 bays of rooms and covers 720,000 square meters.Forbidden
6、 City, which is located north of the Tiananmen Square, and to whom is going through the same gate, UNESCO declared World Heritage in 1987. year.Building forbidden city started the 1406th year.It took 14 years and about 200,000 workers to complete the complex.It is protected by UNESCO.Part of his nam
7、e - Forbidden refers to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the permission of the emperor.The design of the Forbidden City, from its overall layout to the smallest detail, was meticulously planned to reflect philosophical and religious principles, and above all to symbolize
8、the majesty of Imperial power.,The Great Wall of China,The Great Wall Of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from Xiongnu attacks during th
9、e rule of successive dynasties. It stretches over approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles) from Shanhaiguan in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia, but stretches to over 6,700 km (4,160 miles) in total.It was guarded by more than one
10、million men.,Beijing Kaoya- Beijing Duck,Peking Duck: a delicious, lightly-smoked, rich meal complimented by pancakes, dipping sauce, vegetable filling and irresistible slivers of juicy meat, fat and crispy skin.Peking Duck is said to originate from Inner Mongolia and was first served in a Peking re
11、staurant in 1855.The original recipe for Peking Duck includes a description of how to build and fire the oven for smoking the bird!,Tiananmen Square,The heart of modern China beats in Tiananmen Square, the symbol of the Peoples Republic and the center of Beijings landmarks.The flagstones of Tiananme
12、n cover a staggering 440,000 square meters, enough space to allow a million people to gather there.The Tiananmen Gate Tower sites at the north, the Five-Star Red Flag flies high on the square, the Monument to the Peoples Heroes dominates the center, the Great Hall of the People and the Museum of the
13、 Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History to the east and west of it, as well as The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and the Qianmen gate, sit in the south of the square.Over several hundred years, in front of the Tiananmen, many democracy meetings and demonstrations are held.Five Star Red Fl
14、ag-the Chinese national flag, flies high in the sky above the Square.,Summer Palace,It is one of the best parks in the city.Originally it was a retreat for emperors to escape the scorching summer heat of Beijing.The Summer Palace is huge, most of it being taken up by Kunming Lake.The dirt that was d
15、ug up to make the lake was piled up and made into Longevity Hill.On top of Longevity Hill are several Buddhist temples, which, on clear days, offer good views of the lake.Small boats are available for rent and you can motor or paddle about the lake.Another part of the park, called Suzhou street, whi
16、ch is supposed to be a model of what the city of Suzhou looked like in the Qing Dynasty. The “street”encircles a short canal, which you can go up and down in a gondola-like boat.,Temple Of Heaven,Built between 1409 and 1420, the Temple of Heaven is one of Beijings most impressive parks in terms of H
17、eaven is one of Beijings most impressive parks in terms of architecture, color and significance.The Temple is basically a huge communications terminal which the Emperor used to communicate directly with Heaven.Several times a year, the Emperor would come here to pray for good harvests, enough rain a
18、nd other heavenly boons.The construction of the Temple is based around the number nine, the largest of the single digits, which is divine in Chinese numerology.The Temple consists of four basic parts: the Round Altar, the Echo Wall, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, and the Hall of prayer for Good Harve
19、sts.The Round Altar is where the Emperor would report on the status of the country to Heaven.The Altar is constructed in the middle, anything you say is amplified several times.,This is because when the Emperor was talking with Heaven, his voice was supposed to be amplified so that it was as if his
20、voice was as loud as the collective voice of a whole nation.The Echo Wall is a round structure which if you whisper along the inner wall, your voice can be heard all the way around the other side.Supposedly the Emperor would use this method to secretly confer with Inner Court members.The Imperial Va
21、ult of Heaven and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests are both structures which were places of worship for the Emperor.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is remarkable because it is a 38-meter-tall building which does not have a single nail holding it together.The original was burnt down in 1889
22、but has been faithfully reconstructed.The hall has 28 wooden pillars supporting a 39-meter tower of three conical roofs, covered with blue glazed tiles, to reflect the color of the sky.The wooden walls are richly decorated, inside and out.To the west of the complex is the Hall of Abstinence, where t
23、he emperors would prepare themselves for the solemn occasion by spending a night fasting (and without concubines!).,Ming Tombs,Otherwise known as the “13 Tombs”, this is the burial site of 13 out of 17 emperors of the Ming Dynasty.The best part of the Ming Tombs is the road there.The spirit Way is t
24、he path leading to the mouth of the tomb.Along the path are bizarre, mythical stone monsters standing guard.To get to the tomb itself, you have to walk down many flights of stairs till you are deep inside the mountain.But the actual tomb chambers are a little disappointing.Its just a couple of stone
25、 rooms, excavated treasures.,Hutong,A hutong is an ancient city alley or lane typical in Beijing, where hutongs run into the several thousand.The main buildings in the hutong were almost all quadrangles-a building complex formed by four houses around a quadrangular courtyard.The quadrangles varied i
26、n size and design according to the social status of the residents.The ordinary peoples quadrangles were simply built with small gates and low houses.Hutongs, in fact, are passageways formed by many closely arranged quadrangles of different sizes.,Lama Temple = The Yonghe Temple = Palace of Peace and
27、 Harmony,Is a temple and monastery of the Geluk School of Tibetan Buddhism located in the northeastern part of Beijing.The building and the artworks of the temple combine Han Chinese and Tibetan styles.Building work on the Yonghe Temple started in 1694 during the Qing Dynasty.The Yonghe Temple is ar
28、ranged along a north-south central axis, which has a length of 480m.The Hall of the Heavenly Kings is the southernmost of the main halls, it served originally as the main entrance to the monastery.In the center of the hall stands a statue of the Maitreya Buddha, along the walls statues of the four H
29、eavenly kings are arranged,Beihai Park,It is very large, about 68.2 hectares, and almost two-thirds of the park is a lake.The park sits in the Beijings center, used to be the royal garden of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Emperors.Besides the lake, the main things to see in Beihai are the Round City,
30、which contains a jade vase from the time of Kublai Khan; the Temple of Eternal Peace, the Nine Dragon Screen, which is really a 5-meter-high, 27-meter-long wall covered with glazed tiles carved into nine intertwining dragons;and the White Pagoda on Gem Island in the center of the lake.Within Beihai
31、is also the famous Fangshan Restaurant, the best known of the Imperial Court style restaurants where you can eat Qing Dynasty type food, for a pretty penny.,Capital Museum,The former Capital Museum, which was located in the Confucius Temple, started its planning stage in 1953 and formally opened to
32、the general public in 1981.The museum is a five-storey building, allowing for a maximum of 13 concurrent exhibitions, which can be seen in about 5 hours at the cost of 30 Yuan per visitor. The architectural design concept of the Capital Museum is based on human and cultural heritage to serve the com
33、munity and underlines the harmonious integration of past and present, history and modernism, art and nature.The construction of the Capital Museum itself is a piece of architectural artwork integrating both classical and modern beauty.,Birds Nest,Birds Nest is the worlds largest steel structure and
34、the most complex stadium ever constructed. It is the worlds largest steel structure and the most complex stadium ever constructed. Also called Chinas National Stadium, it hosted the opening ceremony, athletic events, the football final and the closing ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.,Mong
35、olian Hotpot,Mongolian Hot Pot is another great example of traditional Beijing cooking.Thin slices of various meats are dangled or placed in a boiling pot with various kinds of vegetables until theyre done, and then eaten with special sauces and side dishes. This dish is especially favored during th
36、e cold season.,Noodles with Soybean Paste,Called Zha Jiang Mian in Chinese, it consists of three main materials. They are wide hand-tossed noodles, vegetable pieces as well as pork.,Local Beijing people, especially elder ones like to eat hot noodles in the cold days and to eat cold noodles in hot we
37、ather.,Where to Shop,Panjiayuan Antique Market 潘家园古玩市场It is the largest antique market in China, also the cheapest and most popular antique market in Beijing. You can find various collections, such as antique furniture, four treasures in the study, ancient paintings and books, jade, porcelain, ancie
38、nt and foreign money, bamboo carving, Buddhist keepsake, folk clothes and cultural relics.,Qianmen Street 前门大街,Qianmen Street is located to the south of Tiananmen Square. Beijings original commercial center for 600 years ago; today, it largely deals in Chinese traditional products.Many time-honored
39、shops can be found there, such as Tongrentang Pharmacies, Quanjude Pekin Roast Duck Restaurant and Ruifuxiang Silk Clothes Shop.,After its renovation in 2008, the stores are lined up side by side in the style of the Hutong. This is good place for good souvenirs as stone or jade stamps carved your na
40、me. The Lao She Teahouse is located on west of Qianmen Street, and is a good place to sample chinese teas, read or watch a traditional show.,Beijing Opera,As the quintessence of China, Peking Opera displays the unique Chinese culture to the whole world. Beijing opera is a combination of acrobatics,
41、singing and dancing. The distinguishing aria of Beijing opera is impressive, and the costumes and masks are quite charming.,Tour Guide,You are a tour guideForeigners are coming to your hometown, and have hired you to show them aroundYour group will decide where they will take them.,What are their interests?Where are they from?Do they have any dietary restrictions?Is there anything in particular they want to see?How many people?,
