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1、专题：句子成分与五种简单句,什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。,主语 1. 主语是一个句子的主题，也是句子的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 2. 它的位置一般在句首。 一般由名词、代词或相
2、当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。The meeting will begin at 9:00.(名词) We study in No. 1 Middle School.(代词) Smoking is bad for you.(动名词),谓语 1. 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语之后。 2. 谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当。 3. 谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。 We work hard.(动词） Mike likes his new book. (动词） His parents feel happy.(连系动词+表语) She is reading. (动词
3、）,表语 1. 表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。 2. 表语位于连系动词之后，二者构成系表结构，即合成谓语 3. 表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。 Her brother is a driver.(名词) It tastes delicious?(形容词) We were at home last night.(介词短语) This book is mine, not yours.(代词) The film is exciting.(现在分词),宾语 1.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。 2.只有及物动词可带宾语，有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。 3.由名词
4、、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当。 He often helps me.(代词) We study English at school.(名词) If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.(数词) Remember to buy some stamps.(动词不定式) He likes making you laugh.(动名词) He said, You are wrong.(句子) Do you understand what I mean?(从句),宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1. 名词/代词宾格 + 名词： T
5、he war made him a soldier. 2. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词： Please keep the room clean.3. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语： I often find him at work.4. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式： The teacher ask the students to close the windows.5. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词： I saw a cat running across the road.,状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语的通常是副词
6、。1）副词（短语）作状语： The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语） The boy , now , needs a pen.（时间状语） 2）介词短语作状语： In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.(时间和地点状语) 3）不定式作状语： The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语
7、）4）名词作状语： Come this way! （方向状语）,定语 1.定语是用来修饰名词;代词或句子的成分2. 定语有前置定语,后置定语3. 充当定语的词有：形容词;名词;代词;数词;名词所有格.方位副词;不定式;动词的ing形式;过去分词;从句等例如：Tom is a handsome boy. (形容词作定语 )His name is Tom. (代词作定语) The boy in blue is Tom. (介词短语作定语) There is nothing to do today(不定式作定语 ),一： +i （主谓） 二： + + （主谓/系表） 三： +t + （主谓宾） 四:
8、 +t +IO +D(主谓间宾直宾） 五: +t + +O（主谓宾宾补）* There be +S,五种基本句型：,I walk in the street.,1. S + Vi (主 + 谓),The dog loves him.,2.S+Vt+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ),I am handsome. 我帅呆了,3. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表),4.S +Vt +IO + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾),My friend sent me a box of chocolates.,5.S+Vt +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),The painting
9、makes us laugh .,6.There +be+主语（+状语）,There are two lovely cats in the baskets .,1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 )2.The flower is so fresh. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)3.They work hard. S +V (主 + 谓 )4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +IO + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade. S+V +O
10、 +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)6.Many animals live in trees. S + V (主 + 谓),Review:1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 )2.The flower is so fresh. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)3.They work hard. S +V (主 + 谓 )4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +IO + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade. S+V +O +OC (主
11、+ 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)6.Many animals live in trees. S + V (主 + 谓),句子成分练习题( 一 )(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very
12、difficult.,(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A
13、. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast,(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did yo
14、u learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt kn
15、ow who Father Christmas really is.,(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name. What is your gi
16、ven name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take
17、the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn Engli
18、sh when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,(八) 划出句中
19、的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?,插入语：插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系 ，是独立成分。,1.通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强
20、调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。,2.形容词或形容词短语，副词或副词短语，介词短语，分词短语，动词不定式,代词词组,句子可以做插入语。,Eg: most important of all，fortunately, luckily, of course, in short,on the other hand, in my opinion, generally speaking, to tell you the truth ,all in all , as you know , whats more,同位语：
21、一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语也是一种名词修饰语，单词、短语和从句都可用作同位语，最简单而又常见的同位语是位于所修饰的先行词之后，用来说明身份、职务、称号等的名词或名词短语。,1.This is MrBlack，director of our hospital2. She is a good teacher，the friend of yours.3. He，short and thin，is unfit for the job.4. All the countries，big or small，are equal.5. He，the head of the company，had to ex-plain what had happened,
