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1、你知道pid是什么意思吗？在生活中或网络中，难免会碰到这些不常使用的词汇，那么这些词到底是什么意思呢，下面我们一起来看看pid是什么意思吧。pid是什么意思数字电视复用系统名词 PID(Packet Identifier) 在数字电视复用系统中它的作用好比一份文件的文件名，我们可以称它为“标志码传输包” 。工程控制和数学物理方面 PID(比例积分微分)英文全称为Proportion Integration Differentiation，它是一个数学物理术语。PID=port ID，在STP(生成树协议)中，若在端口收到的BPDU中BID和path cost相同时，则比较PID来选择阻塞端口。
2、组成PID由8位端口优先级加端口号组成，端口号占低位，默认端口号优先级128。扩展阅读：关于pid原理和特点在工程实际中，应用最为广泛的调节器控制规律为比例、积分、微分控制，简称PID控制，又称PID调节。PID控制器问世至今已有近70年历史，它 以其结构简单、稳定性好、工作可靠、调整方便而成为工业控制的主要技术之一。当被控对象的结构和参数不能完全掌握，或得不到精,Unit19 Language,基础知识提要,核心单词 根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意思。1. _ v.使兴奋 2. _ v.束紧3._ v.告知 通知 4. _v.与相似 5._ n.赞成；同意 6. _v. 购买 7._ vt.
3、使尴尬 8. _ v. 包围 围绕9. _vt. 保证，确保 10. _ v. 祝贺11. _ (vt)调节 12. _ (vt)告知,thrill,fasten,inform,resemble,approval,purchase,embarrass,surround,ensure,congratulate,adjust,inform,13. _ (n)理论 14. _ (n)咖啡馆 15. _ (adj)足够的 16. _ (adj)准时的17. _ (n)能力 18. _ (vt)登记 19. _ (v)扩大 20. _ (n)候选人 21. _ (v)达到22. _ (adj)僵硬的23
4、. _ (n) 偷窃 24. _ (adj)不知不觉的 25. _ (n)地球,theory,cafeteria,adequate,punctual,competence,register,enlarge,candidate,attain,rigid,theft,unconscious,globe,26. algebra_ 27. geometry_28. bacteria _29. stewardess_ 30. manual_ 31. accelerate_ 32. acquisition_,代数,几何,细菌,女乘务员,手册,加速,(语言)习得,词类转换 按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。1.
5、advance (v.) _ (adj.)高级的 类似: disappoint (v.) _ (adj. ) 失望2. communicate (v.) _ (n)通信 类似: observe (v.) _ (n.)观察3. confuse (v.) _ (n)弄乱 类似:conclude (v.)_( n.)结论4. congratulate (v.) _祝贺 类似:celebrate (v.) _(n.)庆祝5. accurate (adj.) _ (n)精确度 类似:fluent (adj.) _(n.)流利度,advanced,disappointed,communication,ob
6、servation,confusion,conclusion,congratulation,celebration,accuracy,fluency,6. acquire (v.) _ (n)获得 类似:explain _(n.)获得7. adjust (v.) _(n)调节 类似:announce (v.) _ (n)布告8. offend (v.) _(n)冒犯 类似: defend (v.) _(n.) 保卫9. register (v.) _(n)注册 类似:pronounce (v.) _ (n.)发音10. absence (n.) _ (adj)不存在的 类似:silence (
7、n.) _(adj.)沉默的,acquisition,explanation,adjustment,announcement,offence,defence/defense,registration,pronunciation,absent,silent,重要词组1. _ 学会 2. _由组成3. _不理会 不顾 4. _故意地 5. _ 意识到 6. _与不同 7. _提前地 8. _集中9. _为了目的 10. _弄糊涂,catch on,consist of,regardless of,on purpose,be aware of,differ from,in advance,focus
8、 on,for the purpose of,cause confusion,11. point at _12. congratulate sb on sth _13. catch hold of _ 14. stand out _15. go ahead with _ 16. team up _17. keep to _ 18. provided (that)_19. rely on _ 20. keep in mind _,指着,祝贺某人某事,抓住不放手,突出,站在外面,在方面取得进步,合作,坚持,信守,如果,条件是,依靠,记住,重要考点突破,核心单词1. resemble vt. 像；与
9、相似(look or be like)拓展：_ n. 相似 类似运用：用resemble翻译下列句子。(1)你的单车与我的差不多。_(2)你非常像你的母亲。_,resemblance,Your bicycle resembles mine.,You resembled your mother very closely.,2. purchase vt.& n.购买(buy, buying)辨析：purchase 是较为正式的用语，buy是普通用语，意义较为广泛。运用：用purchase翻译下列句子。(1)你必须提前21天购票。_(2) 我打算在乡间买一所房子。_,You must purchas
10、e your tickets 21days in advance.,I intend to purchase a house in the country.,3. approval n. 赞成，同意拓展：_ v. 赞成，同意运用：用approval翻译下列句子。(1)他用赞许的眼光看了看儿子。 She looked at her son _.(2)她想赢得父亲的同意。She wanted to _.(3)他用微笑表示赞成。_ by smiling.,approve,with approval.,win her fathers approval.,He showed his approval,4
11、. embarrass vt. 使尴尬拓展：请用下列两个单词填空。embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的The _ situation made her_.运用：用embarrass翻译下列句子。(1)不要问有关个人隐私的问题，以免使他们尴尬。Dont _ with personal questions。(2)他丈夫粗鲁的举动使她难堪。Her husbands rude behavior _(3)别提出那令人尴尬的话题。Dont bring up that_.,embarrassing,embarrassed,embarrass them,e
12、mbarrassed her.,embarrassing topic,5. fasten vt. & vi. 栓，扣，集中（目光、注意力）拓展:用适当的介词或副词填空。(1)fasten _抓住，采纳，强加于(2)fasten _关紧，捆牢(3)fasten ones eyes _sb.盯住某人运用：用fasten翻译下列句子(1)他定睛注视着我。_(2)把那只手提箱关紧。_(3)总统立刻采纳了这个意见。_,on,up,on,He fastened his eyes on me.,Fasten that suitcase up.,The president fasten on the idea
13、 at once.,6. inform v. 通知 告知(give information to)搭配:用适当的介词填空。(1)inform sb. _ sth.通知某人某事(2)inform oneself _the facts使自己了解事实(3)keep me informed _sth.告诉我某事运用: 用inform翻译下列句子。(1)如果他回来了，请告诉我。If he comes back, _(2)他告诉了我他的旅行计划。_(3)有事，请随时告诉我。Please_ what happens. (4)他将通知我们去哪儿。_(5)他被告知他已经被开除了。He _ he had been
14、 fired.,of,of,of,please inform me,He informed me of his travel plans.,keep me informed of /about,He will inform where to go.,was informed that,7. surround v. 包围拓展：surrounding adj. 周围的 n.环境(复数)运用：用surround翻译下列句子。(1)这个城市被一条河流包围着.。_(2)快乐幸福围绕你。Joy and happiness _.(3)部队已将该城包围。Troops _.(4)我们生活在舒适的环境中。We a
15、re living in pleasant _.,The city is surrounded by a river.,surround you,have surrounded the town surroundings,surroundings,8. ensure vt. 保证；担保(make sure)搭配:ensure sb. sth. 向某人担保某事 ensure that + clause 保证运用：用ensure翻译下列句子。(1)务必确保所有窗户都关紧了。_(2)这药物能保证你有健康的体魄。_,Please ensure that all the windows are clos
16、ed.,The medicine will ensure us a healthy body.,9. thrill v. (使)感到兴奋拓展：(1)_ adj. 毛骨悚然的，颤动的 (2)_n.使人毛骨悚然的东西运用：用thrill翻译下列句子。(1)这位旅行者的经历使我们惊骇不已。(vt.)The traveller _with his stories. (2)她的谈话使他很激动。(vt.)He _by her conversation.(3)她收到邀请时很激动。(vi.)She _ at the invitation.,thrilling,thriller,thrilled us,was
17、thrilled,thrilled,10. congratulate vt. 祝贺拓展：_ n.祝贺(常用复数)搭配：congratulate sb. _ sth./doing sth.为某事祝贺某人注意：congratulate后的宾语只能是人。比较：celebrate(庆祝)的宾语是成功、生日等，不能是人。如：celebrate ones birthday庆祝某人的生日。运用：用congratulate翻译下列句子(1)你父母为你的考试成绩而祝贺你。_(2)大家都在祝贺刘翔赢得了赛跑。_,congratulation,on,Your parents congratulate you on
18、your exam results.,People congratulated Liu Xiang on winning the race.,11. adjust v. 调整，校准；适应，习惯拓展：写出相应的单词。(1)_n调整;调节；适应(2)_adj可调整的，可调节的搭配: 用适当的介词填空。(1)adjust sth. (_sth.)调整(以适应/适合)(2)adjust _(doing) sth.适应(做)某事(3)adjust oneself _sth.使自己适应,adjustment,adjustable,to,to,to,运用：请翻译下列句子。(1)我的表快了,我得把它校准。I
19、must_, its fast. (2)一个人很难使自己适应他人的习惯。It is difficult for someone to _others habits(3)要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。_the age of you audience.(4)我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。My eyes _the dark yet(5)她花了很长时间才适应了在美国独自生活。It took her a long time to _alone America.(6)动物能使自己适应生存环境。Animals _the environment,adjust my watch,adjust himself/her
20、self to,Adjust your language to,havent adjusted to,adjust to living,can adjust themselves to,重要词组1. catch on 明白，理解(understand)；受欢迎(become popular)提示：表示明白什么事，后接介词to。运用：用catch on翻译下列句子。(1)那首新歌很快就流行起来。_(2)我明白了他的意思。_(3)我终于明白他们在干什么了。_,The new song caught on really quickly.,I caught on to what he meant.,I
21、 finally caught on to what they were doing.,2. consist of 由组成(be made up of)注意:此短语不能用于被动语态。拓展:consist in sth.主要在于，(内容)主要是运用：翻译下列句子。(1)对于我来说，学习的乐趣在于过程而不是结果。For me, the pleasure of studying _(2)这个医疗队包括5名医生和10名护士。The medical team _(3)中山由19个镇组成。_,consisted in the process, not results.,consists of 5docto
22、rs and 10 nurses.,The city of Zhongshan consists of 19 towns.,3. regardless of 不管，不顾提示:regardless adv. 不顾一切地 运用：翻译下列句子。(1)不管花费多少，我都打算买下那本书。Im buying the book, _. (2)尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。We will go on _. (3)走自己的路，让别人去说吧。Go your own way _.,regardless of the cost,regardless of past failures,regardless of
23、what people say,联想：(1)具体相同意义和用法的还有in spite of, despite等介词。They went out in spite of the rain尽管下着雨，他们还是出去了。They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather尽管天气不好，他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。(2)though, although(尽管)等是表示让步的连词。Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy我的叔叔虽然老了，但他看上去还是很健壮。翻译：用不同方法翻
24、译下列句子。虽然吃了很多东西，他还是觉得饿。_,(1)Despite eating lots of food, he is still feeling hungry.(2)In spite of / Regardless of so much food he has eaten, he is still feeling hungry.(3)Though/Although he has eaten lots of food, he is still feeling hungry.,4. on purpose 故意地(intentionally)联想:_反义偶然地运用：翻译下列句子。(1)她故意把
25、这个秘密告诉了他。_(2)你故意打破了那个花瓶。_,by accident,She told him the secret on purpose.,You broke that vase on purpose.,5. be aware of 知道，意识到 be aware that知道，意识到运用：翻译下列句子。(1)我当时意识到我错了。_(2)约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。_(3)我意识到我有多么粗鲁了。_,I was aware that I was wrong then.,John has been aware of having done something wrong.,Im quit
26、e aware of how rude I am.,6. differ from 与不同(=be different from)Chinese differs greatly from English in spelling.汉语和英语在拼写上大不相同。We differ from them on the issue.我们在这个问题上与他们意见不一。运用：改写下列各句，使其意义不变。(1) The shirt differs from that one. _(2) His views differ from those of his parents._,The shirt is differe
27、nt from that one.,His views are different from those of his parents.,7. in advance 提前，预先(before in time)We always pay the rent in advance.我们总是提前付房租。运用：翻译下列句子。(1)为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。To make sure that he was at home, _.(2)他们将预付出100美元。_,I called him up in advance,They will pay $100 in advance.,8. focus on
28、 集中于All eyes were focused on him.所有的目光都集中在他身上。拓展:be in focus清楚的运用：翻译下列句子。(1)我把镜头对准了嘉宾们。_(3)把注意力集中在你的工作上。_ (3)这些字看不清楚。Those characters _,Ill focus on the guests over there.,Focus your attention on your work.,arent in focus,9. keep to坚持，遵守，信守，保持In England tragic must keep to the left.在英国，车辆必须靠左行驶。提示：t
29、o是介词。运用：用keep to翻译下列句子。(1)你得遵守诺言。You have to_.(2)只有大家执行计划，事情才能成功。Things will only work out if _(3)他们固守传统，只在五月举行婚礼。They _of having their marriages only in May (4)我们必须保持朴实生活的作风。We must _of plain living.,keep to your promise,everybody keeps to the plan.,keep to the custom,keep to the style,高级句型,1. It w
30、as predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早至公元十八世纪，就有预言说，总有一天英语会成为全球性的语言，而最近几十年的情况证明了这一预言。结构分析: 全句是由and连接的较长的并列句，前一分句中含有一个重要句型It was predicted that(有人预言说)和一个有用的短语as early as the 1700s(早至十八世纪)。后一分句中表
31、示时间的短语in the last few decades常与现在完成时连用。学以致用：用以上句型和短语翻译下列句子。早在二十世纪八十年代，就有人预言中国经济将飞速发长，而最近几十年的情况证明了这一预言。_,It was predicted as early as 1980s that the Chinese Economic would develop very fast and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.,2. In todays world being able to speak more than on
32、e language, including English, is how you stand out and get ahead. 当今世界，你能讲包括英语在内的一门以上的语言，就标志着你与众不同，比其他人进步。结构分析:该句中的being able to speak more than one language为动名词短语作主语，泛指经常性的一般的情况；how引导一个表语从句。学以致用：翻译下列句子。获得奖学金使得他有机会去了北方某州的一所大学，在那里黑人享有平等的权利，并如他们所愿自由的生活、学习和工作。_,Winning a scholarship gave him the chanc
33、e to go to a college in one of the northern states，where black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished.,3By the time George was discovered breeding programmes were known to be increasing the numbers of other tortoise sub-species, but it was acknowledged that his
34、case was different. 到乔治被发现的时候为止，人们知道繁殖计划是为了增加其他海龟亚种的数量，但是人们也认识到乔治的情况有所不同。结构分析:全句是个由but连接的并列句，前一分句中有一个by the time(到的时候为止)引导的时间状语从句；后一分句中that引导的主语从句，也可将it is/was acknowledged that(人们认为)看作一个句型。,By the time the police arrived, the trees had already been cut down. It is universally acknowledged that tree
35、s are indispensable to us.,学以致用：用by the time和it is/was acknowledged that翻译下列句子。当警察到时，树木已砍伐。全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。_,4. It is a language without words that consists of gestures facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace-spoken language这是一种没有词语，由手势，面部表情，和身体动作组成的语言，
36、它极大地丰富了，有时甚至取代了口头语言。结构分析:该句that consists of gestures facial expressions and body movements是定语从句，It is that greatly add to 是强调句型。学以致用：用强调句型翻译下列句子，且要含有一个定语从句。惯坏了孩子都怪这位当医生的父亲。_,It is the father who is a doctor that is to blame for the spoiled child.,单元基础过关,一、单词拼写 根据句子意思，用本单元单词的适当形式填空。l. He_(适应)himself
37、very quickly to the heat of the country2. This_(规则)refers only to children.3. The prices of houses are trending_(向上地)4. He showed such concern that people took him to be a_(亲人)5. She speaks Swahili with great_(流利),adjusted,regulation,upward,relative,fluency,6. The house was_(环绕)by high walls7. We_(祝
38、贺)him on his birthday8. I dont like making speeches in public；its so_(难为情)9. He knocked the old man down on_(故意地)10. Mr. Dickens made the_(通告)at the new conference.,surrounded,congratulated,embarrassing,purpose,announcement,二、词形辨别 选择适当的词填空并翻译成汉语。1. She will take an _class in English. A . adventure B
39、. advanced 2. We should show _for the old.A. respect B. represent 3. In the _years of his life ,he was a happy man.A. latter/later B. late 4. Hes too _to buy us a meal. A . means B. mean 5. The _of service has improved.A. quantity B. quality 6. Finishing the work in one day was a very good _.After a
40、ll, hes still a child.A .effect B. effort C. affect,B,B,B,B,三、词类转换 用所给词的适当形式填空。1She likes him all the better for his_ (fluency) spoken English.2. _ (accurate) is more important than speed in his new job.3Now they can handle the peoples affairs quite_ (competence).4Please look after my house during m
41、y_ (absent)5To stop_ (globe) warming we should make immediate and continual efforts.,fluent,Accuracy,competently,absence,global,6Women used to have little_ (liberal).7We went to the party with our parents _(approve).8. She was_ (embarrass) when they asked her age.9He was_ (conscious) of his mistake，
42、or he would apologize.10This instrument is used to measure_ (accelerate).,liberty,approval,embarrassed,unconscious,acceleration,四、词组填空 用本单元所学词组的适当形式填空或完成句子。differ from, point at, consist of, catch on, on purpose, regardless of, focus on, in advance, stand out, congratulate on1. He continued speaking
43、, _ my feeling on the matter.2. Her bright red hair made her _ from the others3. The guide_ a castle and told us that it was built hundreds of years ago 4. Paul always pronounces my name wrong. Do you think he does it_?5. She is speaking so fast that I can hardly_ to what she is saying,regardless of
44、,stand out,pointed at,on purpose,catch on,6. If you want to watch the 2008 Olympic Games，youll have to book your ticket _.7. Modem bicycles_ the early ones in many major ways8. The United Kingdom_ Great Britain and Northern Ireland 9. We sent them a telegram, _them _their success10. Now the public a
45、ttention is_ the prices of daily necessities.,in advance,differ from,consists of,congratulating,on,focused on,五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。,(1) People often use body language 1_ purpose. Someone 2_does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwar
46、ds away from their upper body and then let them fall, 3_ (mean), “I dont know”.4 _, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling 5_ (comfortable ) or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have 6_ tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their
47、arms and move 7_an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realize 8_they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares9_ (look) closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie
48、 with words. 10_is not as easy to do so with our bodies.,on,who,meaning,However,uncomfortable,a,in,how,to look,It,(2)In Todays global economy, English is the 1_ (nation) language of business. 2_ (put) it simply, if you3_ (want) to be a success in the business world, you need a high level of English
49、competence. New Future Language School is offering4_ exciting, new, full-time Business English Diploma course. The curriculum focuses on English language skills5 _ (use) in business meetings and 6_ areas such as marketing and advertising. A useful overview 7_ different English varieties is also offe
50、red. The cost of one 6-week session is RMB1.500, but8_ you pay9_ advance, you will receive a discount. Dont hesitate. Get ahead10_ your business English and sign up today.,international,To put,want,an,used,in,of,if,in,with,六、基础写作 请就“我们为什么要学习英语”为主题，准备一篇小型的演讲稿。写作内容1. 随着中国经济的发展，人们已经意识到学习英语的重要性了；2. 英语是一
