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1、定语从句,定语从句(Attributive clause) 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。 (在句子中作定语) Tom is a smart boy.Tom is a boy who is smart.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫定语从句,Tom is a boy who is smart.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,which, who, whom, whose, that,where, when，why,关系代词的用法,*The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. *The man who/that stole
2、your car has been arrested.,宾语,主语,*The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here. *Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.,宾语,定语,that和which用法的区别,1. 只能用that不能用which的情况,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时。,I am sure she has something _ you can b
3、orrow.,(that),Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,(that),(2)先行词被all, any, each, few, every, no, some, little, much等修饰时。,Ive read all the books _ you lend me.,Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.,that,that,(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the first book _ he has read.,tha
4、t,It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.,that,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,This is the very book _ belongs to him.,that,He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,She took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in.,that,(6)当主句
5、是以which或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the girl _ drove the car?,that,2. 只用which不用that的情况,(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中跟在介词后面，指物用which，指人用whom。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1,000 dollars.,under which,on which,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all ove
6、r the world.,which,关系代词只用that的情况,重点回顾,1.先行词是everything, nothing, anything，something, much, little, none等不定代词2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰3.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 等修饰 4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时5.先行词中既有人又有物6. who/which 等作先行词时,1.在介词后面，指事物用which, 指人用
7、whom2. 非限制定语从句中,关系代词只用which的情况,that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide,1.A huge crack_ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.,2.The number of people _ reached more than 400,000.,who were killed or seriously injured,3.Everywhere _nearly everything was destroyed.,(that) they looked,4.The
8、n, later that afternoon, another big quake _shook Tangshan. 5.The army organized teams to dig out those _.,which was almost as strong as the first one,who were trapped and to bury the dead,6.Workers built shelters for survivors _.,whose homes had been destroyed,注意： 1.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词 2.从句缺少状语，则用关系副词
9、,关系副词的用法,I still remember the day when I first came to this school. Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday last year? The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late.,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是which和whom；which指物，whom指人。,1.
10、 介词+which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等。,*Ill never forget the days on which we studied together. *This is the town in which Shakespeare was born. *Can you explain the reason for which you were absent？,2. “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构常用来表示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用whose结构代替。Please pass me the book, the cover of which/whose
11、 cover is blue. There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.,(1)看先行词与介词的搭配。The book has opened a window through which we can see a wonderful world outside. (2)看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。The university from which he graduated is supposed to be one of top universities in the world.,关系代词
12、前介词的选择,(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。Her daughter has been admitted into Beijing University, of which she is very proud. (4)看定语从句的含义Nowhere could he find his glasses, without which he could see nothing.,在定语从句中“介词+which”结构不可以与普通关系代词或关系副词互换的情况。 (1)介词+which结构在定语从句中所作状语不表示时间、地点、原因时。 *Theres only one problem about which they disagree. (2)有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, take care of等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义时，介词不能提前变成“介词+which”结构。 *This is the very book (that) I am looking for.,1.关系副词包括when，where，why,多数情况下相当于“介词+which”。2.where 不在从句中作主语或宾语，why表原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。3.who，that不能用于介词后，在固定短语中介词不能提前。,要点回顾,
