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1、,Unit,1,Urban Challenges,Book 4,Think and Discuss,Viewing the World,Exploring the Theme,Analytical Listening,Sharing Your Ideas,Engaging,Further Listening,Content,Think and Discuss,Questions,In New York City, people walk by a mural by a Brazilian graffiti artist.,1. What are some of the problems tha
2、t modern cities face? How can cities solve these problems?2. Would you move to a city that is dealing with challenges such as overcrowding? Why or why not?,Example AnswersSome of the problems that modern cities face include traffic and transportation issues, air pollution, garbage collection, expens
3、ive housing, and crime. Cities can solve some of these problems by providing good public transportation, enforcing environmental protection laws, providing garbage collection and recycling programs, and creating parks and other green spaces.,1. What are some of the problems that modern cities face?
4、How can cities solve these problems?,Questions,Example Answer 1 I would move to a city that is facing problems such as overcrowding if this city can provide the best opportunities for good employment as well as good amenities such as restaurants and shopping.,2. Would you move to a city that is deal
5、ing with challenges such as overcrowding? Why or why not?,Questions,Example Answer 2 I would not move to a city that is facing problems such as overcrowding because I dislike the noise, pollution, and crime that are a part of city life. I prefer to live outside of a big city.,2. Would you move to a
6、city that is dealing with challenges such as overcrowding? Why or why not?,Questions,Exploring the Theme,Art and Music,Bangkok: the capital city of Thailand. It is the largest city in Thailand, and it is also a major port and economic center. Its name in the Thai language is Krung Thep which means “
7、city of angels”. 曼谷（泰国首都）,1. How many large cities in the world can you think of? Try to list the names as many as you can.2. Why are millions of people leaving the countryside and moving into crowded cities?3. What are the causes of traffic jams in large cities? How can cities solve this problem?,A
8、rt and Music,Look at the photos and read the captions. Then discuss the questions.,A view of Los Angeles, California, a smoggy city in the United States,Art and Music,Cars fill the streets of Bangkok, Thailand. As cities get larger, new challenges such as traffic jams become important issues.,Art an
9、d Music,Crowds fill a railroad station in Guangdong, China. As the worlds population grows, competition for space is a challenge in manylarge cities.,Art and Music,1. How many large cities in the world can you think of? Try to list the names as many as you can.,Example Answers Shanghai, China; Sao P
10、aulo, Brazil; Toronto, Canada; Tokyo, Japan; Seoul, South Korea, London, Britain; Istanbul, Turkey; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lagos, Nigeria, etc.,Art and Music,2. Why are millions of people leaving the countryside and moving into crowded cities?,Art and Music,Example Answers Millions of people are leaving
11、 the countryside and moving into crowded cities mainly for economic reasons. There are more jobs in cities than in the countryside.,3. What are the causes of traffic jams in large cities? How can cities solve this problem?,Art and Music,Example Answers Traffic jams in large cities are caused by peop
12、le traveling from their homes to their work places in the morning and back to their homes again in the evening. Its not an easy problem to solve, but cities can limit the days on which people can use their cars, provide as much public transportation as possible, and design streets and highways that
13、can handle a lot of traffic.,Analytical Listening,Listening 1,innovative a. 新颖的，有创新精神的barrier n. 屏障Venetian n. 威尼斯人 a. 威尼斯的gondola n.（ 意大利威尼斯运河中的）平底船triple v. ( 使) 成为三倍revenue n. 收益，收入canal n. 运河tax v. 向（某人）征税,Listening 1,MOSE: a flood-defence project for the city of Venice. The name is an acronym f
14、or Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, which means “Experimental Electromechanical Module”. The project aims to be completed by 2016. 摩西计划,Listening 1,Rialto Market: a popular market in the Rialto district of Venice, Italy. Its fresh fish, fresh farm produce, and excellent restaurants make it a po
15、pular tourist destination. 里亚托市场,Listening 1,Easter: a religious festival celebrated by Christians. Itcelebrates Jesus Christs death and resurrection (复活). The exact date of the festival varies from late March to late April each year. 复活节,Listening 1,Carnival: a popular festival held in many Catholi
16、c Christian countries. People often dress in unusual costumes and celebrate by eating, drinking, and dancing in parades or other gatherings. 狂欢节,Predicting Content. Look at the photo of tourists in Venice. Can you guess how many tourists visit Venice each year? How do tourists help the city? How do
17、they hurt it? Discuss your ideas with apartner.,Listening 1,Thousands of tourists fill the streets of Venice.,Listening 1,Example AnswersI think a lot of tourists visit Venice each yearmaybe five million or 10 million tourists. Tourists help the city by spending money. They buy souvenirs, eat in res
18、taurants, and pay local people to take them on tours and so on. Tourists hurt the city by requiring extra services such as parking and garbage collection. Tourists may also affect the quality of life of city residents if places get crowded or traffic gets heavy because of them.,A | Note-Taking. List
19、en to the lecture introduction. Which specific topic is this lecture about? Check () the correct answer.,A Lecture,Listening 1, a. The problem of flooding. b. The MOSE project. c. Problems caused by tourists.,OK, everyone, what I want to do today is continue our discussion about cities and the chall
20、enges they face, and, Id like to focus on the city of Venice, in Italy, which is an extraordinary example. So, to begin with, lets review a few of the points weve discussed so far. Remember that, for centuries, the city has been struggling with the problem of flooding. As you know, the regular flood
21、waterscalled the acqua altaare a big problem in the city. You may also recall that the government has started the innovative MOSE project to build water barriers and stop flooding from the ocean.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Now, flooding is an important issue, but many Venetians say that the city h
22、as more serious problems than the acqua alta or the MOSE project. And most of these problems have to do with tourism. Of course, tourism has both the positive and negative sidetourism is extremely profitable. But the problem in Venice is too many tourists.,Listening 1,Listening 1,Identifying the Lec
23、ture TopicLecture introductions often have two parts. In the first part, the speaker provides background information about the topic, or reviews what was covered in earlier lectures. In the second part of the introduction, the speaker announces the specific topic they plan to discuss and explains ho
24、w they will present the information. Correctly identifying the lecture topic can help us organize our lecture notes.,Listening 1,B | Listening for Main Ideas. Listen to the lecture and complete the main ideas about the problems and benefits of tourism.,cant handle so many people,revenue,food,rent,ho
25、using,getting smaller,restoration,tourism,C | With your partner, compare your answers from exercise B. Did you both list the same main ideas?,Listening 1,D| Listening for Details. Read the questions and answer choices. Then listen again and choose the correct answers.,Listening 1,1. How many tourist
26、s visited Venice in one holiday weekend?a. 60,000.b. 80,000.c. 21 million.2. What is NOT found in the Rialto Market area?a. Grocery stores.b. Souvenir shops.c. A beach.,b,c,D| Listening for Details.,Listening 1,3. What did a 1999 law make it easier to do?a. Convert residences to hotels or guesthouse
27、s.b. Increase the cost of garbage collection.c. Create affordable housing for young people.4. How much revenue does tourism in Venice generate in a year?a. 2 million U.S. dollars.b. 20 million U.S. dollars.c. 2 billion U.S. dollars.,a,c,D| Listening for Details.,Listening 1,5. What is the population
28、 of Venice today?a. Around 120,000.b. Around 80,000.c. Around 60,000.6. What did the lecturer say about the unemployment rate in Venice?a. It is higher than in the rest of Italy.b. It is lower than in the rest of Italy.c. It is lower in the summer than in other seasons.,c,b,Listening 1,1. Based on t
29、he lecture, what is the attitude of Venetian residents toward tourists? Use information from the Listening section to support your answer.2. What is the lecturers attitude about Venices future?,A | Making Inferences. Discuss the questions with your partner.,To be continued ,Listening 1,3. Look at th
30、e cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the lecture you have just heard.,A | Making Inferences. Discuss the questions with your partner.,Listening 1,Based on the lecture, what is the attitude of Venetian residents toward tourists?,Example AnswersThe residents of
31、Venice may resent tourists for driving up prices, making it harder to find housing, and causing some 60,000 residents to leave the city. In contrast, Venetians who work in tourism may be thankful that the tourists give them jobs and give the city a low unemployment rate.,Listening 1,2. What is the l
32、ecturers attitude about Venices future?,Example AnswersThe lecturers attitude about Venices future seems to be that the citys problems will not be solved easily or quickly.,Listening 1,3. Look at the cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the lecture you have just
33、 heard.,Example Answer 1Yes, I think the cartoon is funny because it exaggerates the problem of flooding. In reality, flooding damages buildings and might cause people to get their feet wet on some days, but the flooding isnt severe enough to make a scuba-diving suit necessary.,Listening 1,3. Look a
34、t the cartoon. Do you think it is funny? Discuss the ways in which it relates to the lecture you have just heard.,Example Answer 2 No, I dont think the cartoon is funny because flooding is a real and serious problem in Venicenot something to laugh about.,Listening 1,B | Collaboration. Form a group w
35、ith another pair of students. Look at the cartoon. As a group, create a caption for the cartoon. Share your caption with the class.,Listening 1,B | Collaboration. Form a group with another pair of students. Look at the cartoon. As a group, create a caption for the cartoon. Share your caption with th
36、e class.,Example AnswersOh, no! Is the basement flooded again?,OK, everyone, what I want to do today is continue our discussion about cities and the challenges they face, and, Id like to focus on the city of Venice, in Italy, which is an extraordinary example. So, to begin with, lets review a few of
37、 the points weve discussed so far. Remember that, for centuries, the city has been struggling with the problem of flooding. As you know, the regular floodwaterscalled the acqua altaare a big problem in the city. You may also recall that the government has started the innovative MOSE project to build
38、 water barriers and stop flooding from the ocean.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Now, flooding is an important issue, but many Venetians say that the city has more serious problems than the acqua alta or the MOSE project. And most of these problems have to do with tourism.Of course, tourism has both t
39、he positive and negative sidetourism is extremely profitable. But the problem in Venice is too many tourists.For example, in 2007 the number of Venetian residents was 60,000. And what do you think the number of visitors to Venice was in that year? Twenty-one million! Recently, on a single holiday we
40、ekend in May, 80,000 tourists visited the city. Public parking lots filled up and were closed. And tourists walked through the streets eating and drinking and leaving a lot of trash behind.,To be continued ,Listening 1,The result is that Venices city services just cant handle so many people. The cit
41、y has to pay more and more money for garbage collection to clean up all of the trash. In addition, public transportation on the famous boats and gondolas is so crowded that Venetian residents can barely find room to get on.Along with trash and crowded transportation, city residents also have to deal
42、 with higher prices for food and for housing. Food prices continue to rise around the city. Some cafs charge as much as 13 U.S. dollars for a soft drink! In the Rialto Marketan area with many shops and storessome of the grocery stores have been,To be continued ,Listening 1,replaced by souvenir shops
43、, which means that Venetians have fewer places to buy their groceries. In popular tourist areas, rent has almost tripled, and many small local businessesfor example, toy stores and hardware storescant afford to pay.Let me add that there is a serious housing problem in Venice. At one time, there were
44、 regulations making it illegal to convert residential buildings into hotels. But a law in 1999 removed those regulations, and the housing problem got even worse. Since then, the number of hotels and guesthouses has increased by 600 percent, and the number of houses that are available for local resid
45、ents has gone down.,To be continued ,Listening 1,These days, housing is only affordable for the very rich or for people who already own houses because theyve been passed down by family. Young Venetians simply cant afford to buy any property in the city. This has forced a huge number of Venetian resi
46、dents to move out of the city. Thirty years ago, the population of Venice was around 120,000. Now its less than 60,000. So, why does Venice continue to encourage tourism when it causes so many problems? Mainly its because tourism in Venice generates more than two billion U.S. dollars a year in reven
47、ueand many think that the amount is much higher.,Listening 1,To be continued ,Also, theres a lot of financial pressure on Venice. The cleaning of canals, restoration of old structures, and the MOSE project are all very expensive. Tourism brings in money to help the city solve these problems. Another
48、 point I want to make is that many people in Venice have jobs related to tourism. As more tourists come to the city, hotels, restaurants, and museums need to hire more workers. In fact, the city of Venice has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of Italy, and its likely a result of the tourism in
49、dustry.,Listening 1,To be continued ,Some people think that Venice is to blame for its own problemsthat these problems are the result of greed for tourists money. Theres a lot of talk about limiting tourists, taxing tourists, and even asking tourists to avoid the busy seasons of Easter and Carnival.
50、 However, as you can see, maximizing the number of tourists in Venice is also necessary. So, there seem to be no simple solutions to Venices tourism problem.,Listening 1,Listening 2,conform v. 遵守，遵从built-up a. ( 区域) 布满建筑物的compatible a. 能共存的；协调一致的internalize v. 使（信仰、价值观等）内在化flush v. 冲洗（便池）lenient a.
