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3、百闻不如一见，百见不如一干。不经一事，不长一智。不挑担子不知重，不走长路不知远。实践是知识的源泉，知识是生活的明灯。,实践出真知,河 中 石 兽,纪 昀,j,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
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5、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字晓岚，直隶献县（今属河北）人。,清代文学家、学者。,曾任四库全书总纂官，编定四库全书总目提要。,著有纪文达公遗集和笔记小说集阅微草堂笔记。,河干（gn） 圮（p）于河 棹（zho）数小舟 木杮（fi） 湮（yn）于沙上 倒（do）掷 转转（zhun）不已 溯（s）流,初读课文 读准字音,水边,“己”和“已”的区别,划船，词类活用,和“柿”字的区别,向后，这里指向河上游的方向,翻转，这里指向上游方向翻转,沧州南一寺临河干，山门圮于河，二石
6、兽并沉焉。阅十余岁，僧募金重修，,地名，今属河北。,接近，靠近。,倒塌。,河岸。,经过，经历。,年。,一起。,求二石兽于水中，竟不可得，以为顺流下矣。棹数小舟，曳铁钯，寻十余里无迹。,终了，最后。,划（船）。,拖。,农具，用于除草、平土等。,寻找。,踪迹。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
7、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
8、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一讲学家设帐寺中，闻之笑曰：“尔辈不能究物理。是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去？乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。沿河求之，不亦颠乎？”众服为确论。,设馆教书。,你们这些人。,研究、探求。,事物的道理、规律。,这。,削下来的木片。,埋没。,颠倒，错乱。,凶猛的河水。,一老河兵闻之，又笑曰：“凡河中失石，当求之于上流。盖石性坚重，沙性松浮
9、，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴。,巡河、护河的士兵。,落入河中的石头。,河水撞击石头返回的冲击力。,咬，这里是冲刷的意思。,坑洞。,渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮，石又再转。转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流，固颠；求之地中，不更颠乎？”如其言，果得于数里外。,不停止。,于是。,逆流。,然则天下之事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣，可据理臆断欤？,既然这样。,那么。,只。,主观地判断。,古今异义,渐沉渐深耳（ ）尔辈不能究物理（ ）,古义：语气词，相当于“罢了”今义：听觉器官，耳朵,古义：事物的道理，规律今义：一门学科,阅十余岁（ ）是非木杮（ ）盖石性坚重（ ）但
10、知其一（ ）,古义：经过，经历 今义：阅读,古义：代词，这 今义：判断词，是,古义：连词，表原因今义：有遮蔽作用的器物,古义：只 今义：表转折，但是,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
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13、下流,讲学家,求之地中,老河兵,求之于上流,果得于数里外,众服为确论（失败）,无迹,以为顺流下矣,不能究物理，是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去？乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。,盖石性坚重，沙性松浮，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴，渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮，石又再转，转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣。,求于水中,竟不可得,寻找石兽的不同方位、理由和结果,寺僧只考虑了水流的因素,讲学家只考虑了石兽和沙子的轻重因素,老河兵 综合考虑了1.石兽和沙子的比重2.水的冲力和石兽的相互作用3.相互作用产生的反冲力对河床形态的局部的改变,只知其一不知其二据理臆断,源于实践
14、深究物理全面分析,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,上游,下游,寺僧只考虑了水流的因素,讲学家只考虑了石兽和沙子的轻重因素,老河兵 综合考虑了1.石兽和沙子的比重2.水的冲力和石兽的相互作用3.相互作用产生的反冲力对河床形态的局部的改变,只知其一不知其二据理臆断,源于实践深究物理全面分析,衬 托,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
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