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1、专升本英语翻译部分,包括英译汉和汉译英,大纲要求,第四部分：翻译（Part IV Translation),共10题，考试时间为20分钟。这一部分包括两节。A节（Section A）为英语译汉语，有5题，要求将阅读理解材料中标号的5个画线句子译成汉语。本节测试目的是检查学生对常用句型和词语的综合理解和运用能力。B节（Section B）为汉译英，给出5个单句或包含5个句子的短文。本节的测试目的是检查考生实际运用语言的综合能力。,翻译技巧,做好翻译的关键在于了解英汉两种语言的差异，把握两种语言不同用语习惯，按照“忠实”，“通顺”两大原则，是译文尽可能多的反映原文信息。英汉两种语言在结构上存在较大
2、差异。应注意以下几点：,注意事项,英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后。You will lose your chance if you dont take action right now. 如果不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机。英语多用复合长句。，汉语多用简单短句。Chilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had almost dispeopled the streets. 阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了,注意事项,英语多被动，汉语多主动He was asked by the local government to set up
3、an injuries center at the hospital.当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. 这证明它的使用是十分普遍的。,英译汉,将英语译为汉语，需要注意两个层面，一个词汇，一个句法。另外，句法中着重于从句。,词汇的翻译,词义选择。根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的词义。It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了。 This story is very interesting. 这个故事
4、很有趣。The war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 这场战争将成为这代人生命中最重大的事件了。,词汇的翻译,词义的引申 delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器 delicate health 虚弱的健康 delicate stomach容易吃坏的胃,词汇的翻译,词义选择。根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的 词义的褒贬 注意感情色彩。My brothers ambition is becoming a pilot. Hitlers ambition is to
5、 conquest the world.,词汇的翻译,词义的转换 英语在表达上多用名词，形容词，介词，而汉语多用动词，副词 The very sight of it makes me nervous 一看到他，我就感到紧张。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中必须进行独立思考。（2008.59）,英文句式的翻译,增词法 They say her father was a worker in the small company. Maybe he was as poor as us. 听人说，以前她的父亲在一个小
6、工厂里当工人。他那时也许和我们现在一样穷。减词法 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。,英文句式的翻译,调整语序 常常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后的次要信息前移。定语前移 This is the best solution imaginable. 这是能想到的最好解决办法。 状语前移 He had to quit the position and went to exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权力，只好离
7、职，流落他乡。,英文句式的翻译,拆分法 They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。融合法 We look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. 我们期待有一天科学家们能揭开更多宇宙奥秘。,被动语态,译成汉语主动句 On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. 相反，他们的知识和经验更丰富了。By the en
8、d of the war more than 2000 people had been saved by the organization. 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了2000多人的生命。 To explore the moons surface,rockets were launched into the space again and again. 为了探测月球表面，人们不断向太空发射火箭。(2007.56),被动语态,译成汉语无主句，主要用于翻译被动句 The use of satellite makes it possible to observe the universe much
9、 better. 利用卫星能够更好地观察宇宙。,被动语态,借助“被，由，让，为，遭，加，予以，为 所” 等词译为汉语被动句 Nuclear power has been known to the scientist for a long time. 核能为科学家们所认识已经有很长时间了。译成汉语判断句 In addition, not all the technology is based on science. 另外，并不是所有的技术都是以科学为基础的。,肯定与否定,有些词汇本身带有否定意味，例如；avoid, before, beyond,deny,escape. It was beyon
10、d his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 (2001.65),肯定与否定,双重否定 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized.关于这一点的意义和重要性，怎么强调也不为过。特殊结构 All that glitters is not gold.发光的不都是金子。(2003.65)Nobody is admitted without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。,主语从句,主语从句包含的信息为重要信息，位于句首。What he told me wa
11、s only half-truth.他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。（2008.58）,主语从句,形式主语It 与accept,agree,argue,claim,report,say,suggest等动词连用，一般增补主语，或译为无主句。It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determined his character and later personality. 人们普遍认为，孩子早年的经历很大程度上决定了他们的性格和未来的人品。,宾语和表语从句,一般
12、直译I understand that he is well qualified,but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他很符合条件，但是我觉得他还需经验。（2008.62）I regard it an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 能被当选参加会议，我感带很荣幸。事物并不总是如其表象 Things are not always as they seem to be. （2008.63）,同位语从句,同位语从句修饰的名词例如：hope,idea suggestion,stateme
13、nt,She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想起他来。He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.,定语从句,前置 Pollution is a pressing problem （which we must deal with right now）.污染是我们现在就必须解决的一个迫切问题。（2007.60；2008.56）,后置，定语太长时It is he who received the letter that anno
14、unced the death of your uncle 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了（2007.65）。,状语从句,一般包括时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的，结果。多位于句首。Now all of us are here,lets start our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face. 她坐在我身后，我看不到她的表情。,汉译英,方法类似于英译汉中使用的方法。,Translate Chinese into English,常见方法,对
15、应法假如你不来，我就去看你。If you dont come here, I will go to visit you.改译法 他提醒我们要注意身体 He warned us to take care of ourselves。增译法 不知你是否完成了任务。 I wonder whether you have finished you task. 许多商店开展买一赠一的活动。 Many departments provide service of “Buy One Get One Free”,常见方法,省译法 你们需要的是快速进步，而不是慢慢的进步。 You need rapid progre
16、ss, not slow.调整顺序 我能在这儿坐一会吗？ Can I sit here for a while 好的建议，谁来提都无所谓。If the suggestion is advisable, it does not matter who gives it. 不管晴天阴天，比赛准时进行。 Rain or shine,the match will go on time.,转换语态和正反对译,这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大
17、家宣布了这个消息Before I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone. 当时女孩子没有受教育的机会。 Girls were denied the chance to education at that time.,常用的词组,常用的句型,Notuntil. 句型 1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back.她直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。 2.Tom did not watch TV until he finished his homework.（2003.68）3. Not un
18、til the beginning of the twentieth century did the human beings learn to prevent the disease from spreading. 直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病的传播。,It is reported/said /estimated that,It is reported that foreign insurance companies has entered into nineteen Chinese cities so far. （2007.59） 据报道，迄今为止，外国保险公司已打入中国19个城市。
19、据估计，已经有100多万人从这个工程中受益Its estimated that more than 1 million people had been benefited from this project. （2005.76）,It is necessary/important for sb to do sth,我们有必要了解一些英语国家和中国的文化差异。It is necessary for us to learn/know some differences between some English speaking countries and China.（2002.70）大学生学好英语
20、很重要。 It is important for university students to learn English well.（2003.66）,比较级,你练得越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。The harder you practice,the greater progress you will make.（2003.70）他在各方面都比我好 He is much better than I in every aspect.This year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last yea
21、r. 他们今年的业务进展比去年大得多（2008.56）The people will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house. 对于同一所房子，人们将要支付的是往常支付钱数的两三倍之多。2007.57（倍数）,Be likely to,The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person.(2007.56) 本词典词条所列，都是每个人极可能用得上的单词和词组。,
22、not.but. (no.but.),如果你想获得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选择。 There is no other choices but hard- working if you want to be successful(2005.77),It seems that,It seems strange that in the past ten years Mike and I might just as well have been in different worlds. 看起来很奇怪的是，在过去的十年里，麦克和我可能恰好在不同的世界里。（2008.57）,in spite of.,I
23、n spite of differences of opinion,we share a common interest in the peace of the world. 尽管意见有分歧，我们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。,Although/ but,尽管警察怀疑这名年轻人，但没有足够证据证明他就是犯罪。 Although this young person is under suspicion, there is no proof to show he is the criminal.(2005.80),depend on,使我们自己的所为和所不为决定着我们的未来。Our future
24、depends on what we ourselves should do or not do.(2007.61)我们能否出行取决于天气。Our trip is dependent on the weather.(depends on )(模拟1.64),So.that,汤姆筋疲力尽，看着书竟睡着了。 Tom was so worn out that he fell asleep while reading a book.,sb have the/no little chance of there is little chance of,He has no chance of passing
25、 the examination.He never goes his lesson.他绝没有及格的可能，因为他从来不复习功课。There is little chance of our coming to business because of the big differences between our price由于双方价格悬殊，我们恐怕很难达成协议。,Scarcely/hardlywhen刚一.就.,He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（2002.61）I had
26、no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.,Everything is possible,Thank You!,应试技巧,书写工整不要犯低级错误，例如；首字母大写，简单词不要错，性别正确,试题特点,结构简单题材很广重点词汇语言的运用能力,基本方法,句子顺序调整分译合译,2009年试题,71. He never went outside；but he was sick of staying home and wante
27、d to gou out for once,他从来没出去过，但他厌倦了呆在家里，想出去一次透透气。,73. In the United States,elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.,在美国，人们建议小学和中学给学生两个半小时的体育时间。,75. 处理这些问题全凭经验It all depends on experiences to deal with these problems.,77.请你帮我在纽约预定一个四
28、星级宾馆的房间好吗？,Could you please help me to book a room in a four-star hotel in New York？,78.我们两国之间已经有10年的贸易关系。,There have been a trade relationship between us two countries for 10 years.,79.整套设备可以在几个小时内安装完毕,The complete set of equipment can be fixed within several hours.,80.我们的实验现在已经到了最后也是最重要的一个阶段。,Our experiment has come to the last and the most important stage.,Thank You!,
