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1、Chapter 1,Basic Properties of Materials,Back,Words and Phases,material 材料density 密度apparent density 表观密度bulk density 堆积密度solidity 密实度porosity 孔隙率 pore 孔隙voidage 空隙率void 空隙,Chapter 1,Words and Phases,strength 强度elasticity 弹性plasticity 塑性 brittleness 脆性toughness 韧性durability 耐久性compressive strength 抗压
2、强度tensile strength 抗拉强度shearing strength 抗剪强度,Chapter 1,Words and Phases,bending strength 抗弯强度deformation 变形bending strength 抗弯强度deformation 变形stole 石材cement 水泥concrete 砼mortar 砂浆glass 玻璃,Chapter 1,Words and Phases,ottery陶瓷steel 钢材wood 木材wetting angle 润湿角hydrophilic property亲水性hydrophobic property憎水
3、性 water-absorbing quality 吸水性water absorption吸水率water percentage 含水率,Chapter 1,Words and Phases,specific absorption of quality质量吸水率specific absorption of volume体积吸水率water percentage of quality质量含水率hygroscopic 吸湿性water resistance 耐水性 saturation 饱和,Back,Chapter 2,Air Hardening Inorganic Binding Materi
4、als,Back,Back,Words and Phases,binding materials胶凝材料organic materials有机材料inorganic materials无机材料air hardening inorganic binding materials 气硬性无机胶凝材料hydraulic binding materials 水硬性胶凝材料gypsum 石膏lime 石灰setting 凝结,Chapter 2,Words and Phases,hardening 硬化slaking 消化hydration水化 quick lime 生石灰slaked lime熟石灰gr
5、ound quick lime 生石灰粉ground quick lime 生石灰粉ground hydrated lime熟石灰粉lime paste 石灰膏 asphalt沥青,Chapter 2,Words and Phases,compound material-tackiness agent 合成材料-胶粘剂 admixture 外加剂fineness 细度plastering 抹灰rendering 粉刷calcium quick lime钙质生石灰 high-magnesium quick lime镁质生石,Chapter 2,Words and Phases,dolomite
6、ground slaked lime 白云石消石灰粉over-burnt lime 过火石灰under-burnt lime 欠火石灰crystallization 结晶carbonization 碳化soundness 体积安定性water retentivity保水性shrinkage 收缩,Chapter 2,Words and Phases,lime paste 石灰浆milk of lime 石灰乳silicate products硅酸盐制品carbonated lime board碳化石灰板 lime-sand brick 灰砂砖active blended materials 活
7、性混合料,Back,Chapter 3,Cement,Back,Words and Phases,Portland cement:波特兰水泥(硅酸盐水泥)Ordinary Portland cement: 普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement: 普通硅酸盐水泥furnance-slag cement: 矿渣硅酸盐水泥Portland Pozzlana cement: 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥Portland fly-ash cement: 粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥composite Portland cement: 复合水泥high-alumina cement: 高铝水泥,Cha
8、pter 3,Words and Phases,magnesium-oxy-chloride cement: 氯氧镁水泥general cement: 通用水泥special cement: 专用水泥characteristic cement: 特性水泥aluminous cement: 铝酸盐水泥sulfoaluminate cement: 硫铝酸盐水泥,Chapter 3,Words and Phases,hydraulicity: 水硬性plasticity: 可塑性durability: 耐久性aggregates: 骨料silicate: 硅酸盐anti-corrosion: 抗腐蚀
9、freezing resistance: 抗冻anchor: 锚固clay: 粘土limestone: 石灰石,Chapter 3,Words and Phases,carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳（CO2）calcium oxide: 氧化钙（CaO）tricalcium silicate: 硅酸三钙dicalcium silicate: 硅酸二钙tricalcium aluminate: 铝酸三钙tetracalcium aluminoferrite: 铁铝酸四钙shrinkage: 收缩calcium hydroxide: 氢氧化钙calcium silicate hydrate
10、: 水化硅酸钙sulfate: 硫酸盐,Chapter 3,Words and Phases,masonry: 砌筑calcium aluminate hydrate: 水化铝酸钙calcium ferrite hydrate: 水化铁酸钙ettringite: 水化硫铝酸钙（钙矾石）paste: 浆体initial period: 初始反应期induction period: 潜伏期capillaries: 毛细管fineness: 细度,Chapter 3,Words and Phases,specific surface area: 比表面积screening method: 筛分析法n
11、egative pressure sieving method: 负压筛法water pressure sieving method: 水筛法dry sieving method: 干筛法normal consistency: 标准稠度initial Setting: 初凝时间,Chapter 3,Words and Phases,final setting: 终凝时间soundness: 体积安定性poor dimensional stability: 体积安定性不良disassociated: 游离的bacillus: 杆状菌Le chatelier soundness test: 雷氏夹
12、法mortar: 砂浆compressive strength: 抗压强度bending strength: 抗折强度,Back,Chapter 4,Ordinary Concrete,Back,Words and Phases,ordinary concrete: 普通混凝土high strength concrete: 高强混凝土deposit concrete: 现浇混凝土precast concrete: 预制混凝土premixed concrete: 预拌混凝土plain concrete: 素混凝土prestressed concrete: 预应力混凝土reinforced con
13、crete: 钢筋混凝土,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,shotcrete concrete: 喷射混凝土mass concrete: 大体积混凝土concrete pumping: 泵送混凝土plasticity: 塑性durability: 耐久性ingredient: 组成材料aggregate: 骨料coarse aggregate: 粗骨料,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,impurities: 有害杂质mica: 云母silt: 淤泥organic substance: 有机物sulphide: 硫化物sulphate: 硫酸盐chlo
14、ride: 氯化物,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,unit screening rate: 分计筛余百分率accumulated screening rate: 累计筛余百分率grading region: 级配区grading curve: 级配曲线fineness modulus: 细度模数optimized Sp: 合理砂率deformation: 变形,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,alkali-aggregate reaction: 碱骨料反应potassium: 钾sodium: 钠gravel: 碎石scree: 卵石insolub
15、le matter: 不溶物,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,sequent Gradation: 连续级配discontinuous Gradation: 间断级配single Gradation: 单粒级igneous rock: 火成岩metamorphic rock: 变质岩aqueous rock: 水成岩crushing index: 压碎指标,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,soluble matter: 可溶物concrete admixture: 混凝土外加剂rheological behavior: 流变性water-reduci
16、ng admixture: 减水剂air entraining admixture: 引气剂pumping aid: 泵送剂set retarder: 缓凝剂,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,hardening accelerating: 早强剂flash setting admixture: 速凝剂water-repellent admixture: 防水剂anti-freezing admixture: 阻锈剂expanding admixture: 膨胀剂anti-freezing admixture: 防冻剂coloring admixture: 着色剂surfa
17、ctant: 表面活性剂,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,hydrophilic group: 亲水基团hydrophobic group: 憎水基团flocculation structure: 絮凝结构Lignin sulfonate water-reducing admixture: 木质素减水剂large moulding: 大模板sliding formwork: 滑模施工Naphthalene sulfonate water-reducing admixture: 萘系减水剂,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,resinous water-
18、reducing admixtures: 树脂系减水剂chloride hardening accelerator: 氯盐类早强剂sulfate hardening accelerator: 硫酸盐类早强剂organic amine hardening accelerator: 有机胺类早强剂rosin soap: 松香皂rosin pyrolytic polymer: 松香热聚物molasses: 糖蜜citric: 柠檬酸sodium aluminates: 铝酸钠calcium aluminates: 铝酸钙,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,caulking eng
19、ineering: 堵漏工程initial setting time: 初凝时间final setting time: 终凝时间impermeability: 抗渗性mineral admixture: 矿物掺合料fly ash: 粉煤灰silica fume: 硅粉grounded slag: 磨细矿渣,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,sintered clay: 烧粘土zeolite: 沸石粉volcanic tuff: 火山凝灰岩equal replacement: 等量取代法excess replacement: 超量取代法adscititious: 外掺法sil
20、ica fume: 硅粉ferrosilicon: 硅铁合金silicon steel.: 硅钢,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,workability: 和易性fresh concrete: 新拌混凝土mobility: 流动性viscidity: 粘聚性water retention: 保水性workability: 和易性slump: 坍落度viscosity: 粘性segregation：离析bleeding：泌水slump: 坍落度vebe consistometer test: 维勃稠度试验,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,dry shr
21、inkage: 干缩cold contract: 冷缩volume decrease: 体积减缩settlement: 沉缩lastic shrinkage: 塑性收缩bleeding path: 泌水通道one-axis static compression: 单轴静态受压elastic limit: 比例极限critic load: 临界荷载ultimate load: 极限荷载,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,cubic compressive strength: 立方体抗压强度specimen: 试件prism compressive strength: 轴心抗压
22、强度tensile strength: 抗拉强度bending strength: 抗折强度velocity mixing: 高速搅拌ultrasonic vibration: 声波搅拌high frequency vibration: 高频振幅multi frequency vibration: 多频振幅,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,extra-coefficient of cement: 水泥富余系数natural cure: 自然养护steam cure: 蒸汽养护autoclaved cure: 蒸压养护age: 龄期hoop effect: 环箍效应anti
23、-permeability: 抗渗性anti-corrosion: 抗侵蚀性anti-carbonate: 抗碳化性,Chapter 4,Words and Phases,anti-abrasion: 耐磨损carbonation: 碳化mix Proportion Design: 配合比设计design of preliminary mix: 初步配合比设计ascertaining the basic mix proportion: 基准本配合比的确定laboratory mix Proportion: 实验室配合比working Mix Proportion: 施工配合比absolute
24、volume: 绝对体积法assume an apparent density: 假定表观密度法,Back,Chapter 5,Construction Mortar,Back,Words and Phases,masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆surface mortar 抹面砂浆especial mortar特殊砂浆cement mortar水泥砂浆lime mortar石灰砂浆mix mortar混合砂浆rubble masonry 毛石砌体brickwork砖砌体,Chapter 5,Words and Phases,hilly sand 山砂furnace slag 炉渣expa
25、nsion cement膨胀水泥component adapter构件接头structure reinforcement结构加固crackle mending裂纹修补smooth flour-milling jointing 光滑磨面勾缝,Chapter 5,Words and Phases,mobility（consistency）流动性（稠度）fresh mortar 新拌砂浆hardened mortar 硬化砂浆workability 和易性water dosage 用水量sinking degree沉入量consistometer of mortar 砂浆稠度仪,Chapter 5,
26、Words and Phases,laminate分层layering degree 分层度dense substrate (imhygrophanous beds) 密实基层（不吸水基层，如石材）porous substrate (hygrophanous beds) 多孔基层（吸水基层）empirical coefficient经验系数cement mix mortar 水泥混合砂浆 cement mortar 水泥砂浆,Chapter 5,Words and Phases,adhesion stress 粘结力substrate 基底材料mix ratio design of morta
27、r 砂浆配合比设计strength standard deviation 强度标准差trial strength 试配强度,Back,Chapter 6,Wall Materials,Words and Phases,wall material 墙体材料roof material屋面材料wall bricks 砌墙砖fired brick烧结砖fired clay brick普通粘土砖fired porous brick烧结多孔砖fired hollow brick烧结空心砖autoclaved brick蒸养（压）砖wall blocks墙用砌块,Chapter 6,Words and Ph
28、ases,small-size hollow block小型空心砌块fly ash and silicate medium-size block粉煤灰硅酸盐中型砌块bricks 砖blocks 砌块plywood 板材porous brick多孔砖hollow brick空心砖solid brick实心砖clay brick粘土砖,Chapter 6,Words and Phases,fly ash brick粉煤灰砖coal mine waste brick煤矸石砖variable coefficient 变形系数standard deviation 标准差fly ash waste 粉煤灰
29、渣 small-size block小砌块 medium-size block中砌块 large-size block大砌块 cement concrete block水泥混凝土砌块,Chapter 6,Words and Phases,fly ash concrete block 粉煤灰硅酸盐混凝土砌块plaster block石膏砌块porous block多孔砌块sintered block烧结砌块fly ash and silicate medium-size block粉煤灰硅酸盐中型砌块frost-resistance 抗冻性,Chapter 6,stonework石砌体norma
30、l concrete hollow block普通混凝土空心砌块lightweight aggregate concrete block轻骨料混凝土砌块relative water content相对含水率dry shrinkage干缩率thermal conductivity导热系数,Words and Phases,Back,Chapter 7,Building Steels,Back,Words and Phases,building steels建筑钢材profile steel (steel section) 型钢steel angle角钢steel plates 钢板steel b
31、ar for concrete reinforcement (bar) 钢筋steel wire钢丝colored metal有色金属blackness metal黑色金属 pig iron生铁,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,molten iron 生铁水smelt 冶炼oxidation 氧化reduction 还原 deoxidize 脱氧cast ingot 铸锭oxygen converter氧气转炉 even furnace平炉 electric cooker电炉,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,melt molten iron 熔融铁水
32、carbon steel 碳素钢alloy steel合金钢coke 焦炭 iron ore 铁矿石 char 炭 impurities 氧化物deoxidant 脱氧剂boiling steel沸腾钢,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,sedation steel镇静钢special sedation steel特殊镇静钢low carbon steel 低碳钢medium carbon steel中碳钢 carbon steel 碳素钢 high carbon steel高碳钢low alloy steel低合金钢medium alloy steel中合金钢alloy
33、steel 合金钢,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,high alloy steel高合金钢deoxidation degree脱氧程度common steel 普通钢high quality steel优质钢advanced high quality steel高级优质钢structure Steel 结构钢tool Steel 工具钢special steel特殊钢stainless steel 不锈钢,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,heat-resistant steel耐热钢wear-resistant steel耐磨钢tool刀具stee
34、l tool量具mould模具impact toughness冲击韧性fatigue strength疲劳强度cold bending property冷弯性能welding property焊接性能,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,yield stress屈服强度tensile strength抗拉强度elongation伸长率flexibility phase弹性阶段yield phase屈服阶段 aggrandizement phase强化阶段 shrunken phase颈缩阶段 yield point屈服点yield tensile ratio屈强比,Chapt
35、er 7,Words and Phases,cross-section 断面rupture断裂cold working冷加工cold drawing冷拉cold drawn冷拔rigidity硬度aging时效aging sensitivity时效敏感性strengthen强化,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,crystal晶体crystal lattice晶格aberration畸变crystal grains晶粒slid 滑移steel bar for reinforced concrete钢筋carbon structural steel碳素结构钢 codename
36、s 牌号mechanical property力学性能,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,technical property技术标准impact-resistance抗冲击性能low-alloy and high-tensile steel低合金高强度结构钢abrasive resistance耐磨性corrosion resistance耐蚀性low temperature resistance耐低温性hot-roll steel热轧钢筋cold rolled twisted steel冷拔低碳钢丝,Chapter 7,Words and Phases,cold-dra
37、wing steel 冷拉钢丝prestressing strand 钢绞线ingot 钢锭steel wire and strand of prestressed concrete预应力砼用钢丝、钢绞线 heat treatment steel of prestressed concrete预应力砼用热处理钢筋cold rolled ribbed steel wires and bars冷轧带肋钢丝、钢筋,Back,Chapter 8,Water Proofing Materials,Back,Words and Phases,water proofing material防水材料petro
38、leum asphalt石油沥青waterproof sheet 防水卷材high polymer modified bituminous sheet material高聚物改性沥青防水卷材SBS modified bituminous sheet material SBS改性沥青防水材料elastomer bituminous sheet material弹性体沥青防水卷材,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,APP modified bituminous sheet material APP改性沥青防水卷材plastomer bituminous sheet materi
39、al塑性体沥青防水卷材synthetic polymer water proof sheet合成高分子防水卷材waterproof conformation 防水构造 rigidity waterproof刚性防水 soft waterproof柔性防水 waterproof concrete 防水混凝土,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,waterproof sheet防水卷材 waterproof coating防水涂料 joint material嵌缝材料asphalt base water proofing material沥青基防水材料high polymer m
40、odified asphalt高聚物改性沥青synthetic polymer water proofing material合成高分子防水材料,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,modified asphalt改性沥青coal tar煤焦油 resin 树脂rubber橡胶synthetic polymer material合成高分子材料polymer高聚物distillation蒸馏crude oil 石油原油,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,building petroleum asphalt建筑石油沥青pavement petroleum as
41、phalt道路石油沥青ordinary petroleum asphalt普通石油沥青oil component 油分asphaltene 沥青质 viscosity粘度adhesive ability粘结性temperature stability温度稳定性,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,araffinsoften point软化点penetration degree针入度colloid structure 胶体结构 sol type溶胶型 sol-gel type溶凝型gel type凝胶型,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,micelle胶团h
42、ydrophobic material憎水性材料adhesive force附着力relative viscosity 相对粘度solid or semi-solid petroleum asphalt固体或半固体石油沥青 liquid petroleum asphalt液体石油沥青 normal viscosity标准粘度,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,enetrometer针入度仪 ductility延度standard viscidity标准粘度normal viscidity instrument标准粘度计 ring and ball softening poi
43、nt instrument环球法软化点仪distortion变形glycerine甘油,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,atmosphere stability大气稳定性（耐久性）evaporation蒸发oven烘箱solubility溶解度cohesion粘性bituminous waterproof sheet material沥青防水卷材synthetic high polymer sheet合成高分子卷材,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,flexibility柔韧性mechanical strength机械强度 breaking abili
44、ty抗断裂性flexible sheet waterproof material可卷曲片状防水材料modified bituminous改性沥青 support胎体 surface material覆面材料,Chapter 8,fabric纤维织物Words and Phases of Chapter Eightfelt 纤维毡polyethylene membrane 聚乙烯膜fiberglass玻璃纤维polyester felt聚酯毡impermeability不透水性heat resistance ability耐热度elasticity柔度thermalplastic 热塑料wate
45、r impermeability 不透水性,Chapter 8,Words and Phases,Chapter 9,Bituminous Mixture,Back,Words and Phases,bituminous mixture: 沥青混合料mineral aggregate: 矿质集料mineral mixture: 矿质混合物petroleum asphalt admixture material: 石油沥青混合料coal asphalt admixture material: 煤沥青混合料hot-mixed and hot-spread: 热拌热铺,Chapter 9,Words
46、 and Phases,hot-mixed and cool-spread: 热拌冷铺cool-mixed and cool-spread: 冷拌冷铺hypothermia flexibility: 低温柔性surface theory: 表面理论adhesive cement theory: 胶浆理论dense-suspended type: 密实悬浮型framework-interstice type: 骨架空隙型,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,dense-framework type: 密实骨架型continuity dense grading: 连续型密级配co
47、ntinuity open-graded: 连续型开级配discontinuity dense grading: 间断型密级配coulomb theory: 库仑理论shear resistance: 抗剪强度triaxial shear test: 三轴剪切实验,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,shear normal pressure stress: 剪切法向压应力angle of internal friction: 内摩擦角Limestone: 石灰石质quartz stone: 石英石质high temperature stability: 高温稳定性marsh
48、all test: 马歇尔试验stability: 稳定度,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,wheel rut test: 轮辙试验low temperature crack resistance: 低温抗裂性stress: 应力strain: 应变limiting deformation: 极限变形stiffness modulus: 劲度模量the index of temperature shrinkage: 温度收缩系数,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,the breakage temperature: 断裂温度accelerated wea
49、thering test: 加速老化试验marshall test: 马歇尔试验porosity: 孔隙率saturation degree: 饱和度residual stability: 残留稳定度skid resistance: 抗滑性anti-friction stone耐磨石料,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,heavy pavement petroleum asphalt: 交通道路石油沥青medium, light pavement petroleum asphalt: 中、轻交通道路石油沥青penetration degree: 针入度prolongation: 延度softening point: 软化点flashing point: 闪点,Chapter 9,Words and Phases,flow value: 流值VB stability test: 维姆稳定度法film oven heating test: 薄膜烘箱加热试验hydrostatic balance: 静水天平number solutions: 数解法diagrammatic method: 图解法,THE END,
