文学文体的翻译ppt课件.ppt

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1、第二十一章 文学文体的翻译 Translation of English Literary Writings,第二十一章重点,21. 1 诗歌翻译,诗歌欣赏1：今天与明天诗歌欣赏2：没有快船比书卷诗歌欣赏3：能否把你比作夏日璀璨诗歌欣赏4：墓志铭 诗歌欣赏5：红玫瑰诗歌欣赏6：乡村墓园挽歌,21. 2 散文翻译,21. 4 戏剧翻译,21. 3 小说翻译,诗歌翻译练习 1诗歌翻译练习 2,第二十一章综合练习及参考译文,散文翻译练习 1散文翻译练习 2,小说翻译练习 1小说翻译练习 2,散文欣赏1,散文欣赏3,小说欣赏1,小说欣赏 2,小说欣赏3,戏剧欣赏,第二十一章 文学文体的翻译,散文欣赏

2、2,小说欣赏4,3,第二十一章 文学文体的翻译 Translation of English Literary Writings,文学是语言的艺术，文学作品是用语言创造的艺术品。它用语言 写景，渲染气氛； 写人，塑造形象； 写心，分析心理； 写情，呼唤人性； 写物，树立象征； 写事，制造悬念。,4,文学翻译是一种在原作严格限制下的再创作，是一种创造性的劳动。 文学翻译不仅译原作的词句，而且要译出原作的思想、情感与精神； 不仅要再现原作中的人物形象、故事情节，而且要再现原作的艺术意境，使译文读者像读原作一样得到启发与感受。 翻译者要忠实、正确、流畅、优雅地将文学作品翻译成功，精确传达原作者的思想

3、情感。,5,文学体裁一般共分为： 诗歌 散文 戏剧 小说,6,诗歌是文学的极品。它通过有节奏和韵律的语言来反映生活、抒发情感，属于韵文的范畴。 英语诗歌有史诗、英雄双行诗、无韵诗、抒情诗、浪漫叙事诗、十四行诗等。,21. 1 诗歌翻译（Translation of Poetry）,7,汉语诗歌有古诗、律诗、绝句三大类，在这三类中都附有乐府一类。古诗、律诗、绝句又可分为五言、七言。 从格律上看，诗可分为古体诗和近体诗。古体诗又称古诗或古风；近体诗又称今体诗。 从字数上看，有四言诗、五言诗、七言诗。唐代以后，四言诗很少见了，所以一般诗歌只分为五言、七言两类。,8,只要是诗歌，不管是英语诗还是汉语诗

4、，在形式上大都追求平行对仗押韵，风格上追求创新立异，富有诗意；美感上追求意境美和音韵美，抑扬顿挫富有音韵节奏感、带有音乐美。,9,汉英语言结构完全不同，而诗的语言更为复杂，加之汉英文诗都有自己的一套格律，所以在翻译时很难用中文既表达出英文诗的内容，又表达出英文诗的格律形式。,10,译诗，译文首先要表达英文诗的内容，然后根据内容给以最合适的诗的形式。而这个诗的形式既然是用中文表现的，还是以符合中国诗的特点较为合适。,11, 凡是诗，都有诗意。 情文并茂，凝练精美，感人肺腑。 要翻译好英语诗歌，要抓住关键词语，再现于汉语译文中便是好的译诗。 译诗不宜仿古，按汉语古体诗套译英诗，那就不对了。,12,

5、诗歌翻译： 在形式上追求对原作的忠实并精确地反映原诗的风格与风貌； 在价值上尽量保留原始的意境美和音韵美，抑扬顿挫富有音韵节奏感、带有音乐美； 巧借原诗的形式或思想进行翻译再创作，对原诗增加一些适当的解释，放弃表层对应，求得深层对应，力求语言精练明晰，富有诗意。,13,Today and Tomorrow (Charles Mackay) If Fortune, with a smiling face, Strew roses on our way,When shall we stop to pick them up? Today, my friend, today.But should sh

6、e frown with face of care, And talk of coming sorrow,When shall we grieve, if grieve we must? Tomorrow, friend, tomorrow.,诗歌欣赏1：,14,今天与明天如果命运女神笑容满面，将玫瑰花洒满凡尘人间，我们该在何时躬腰捡起？今天，朋友啊，在今天。当她心事沉重愁眉苦脸，讲述那将至的郁闷哀怨，假如难避免，何时忧伤？明天，朋友啊，在明天。,【译文】,15,There Is No Frigate Like a Book (Emily Dickinson)There is no friga

7、te like a bookTo take us lands away,Nor any courser like pageOf prancing poetry:This traverse may the poorest takeWithout oppress of too toll;How frugal is the chariotThat bears the human soul!,诗歌欣赏2：,16,没有快船比书卷没有快船能比书卷引我们游异邦他乡，没有骏马快如诗篇展翅飞遍大地人间：至穷之人亦可游览何愁支付路费盘缠；载人类灵魂的战车何等的便宜和节俭！,【译文】,17,Shall I Comp

8、are Thee to a Summers Day （William Shakespeare）Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And

9、 every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou growst. So long as men can breathe or eyes can s

10、ee, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,诗歌欣赏 3,18,能否把你比作夏日璀璨 （威廉莎士比亚） 能否把你比作夏日璀璨？ 你却比炎夏更可爱温存； 狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍， 夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。 苍天明眸有时过于灼热， 金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳； 一切优美形象不免褪色， 偶然摧折或自然地老去。 而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢， 秀雅风姿将永远翩翩； 死神无法逼你气息奄奄， 你将永生于不朽诗篇。 只要人能呼吸眼不盲， 这诗和你将千秋流芳。 （孙 梁译）,【译文】,19,The Epitaph （Thomas Gray）Here rests hi

11、s head upon the lap of EarthA Youth, to Fortune and to Fame unknown;Fair Science frownd not on his humble birth,And Melancholy markd him for her own.Large as his bounty, and his soul sincere,Heaven did a recompense as largely send:He gave to Misery all he had, a tear,He gained from Heaven (twas all

12、he wished) a friend.No farther seek his merits to disclose,Or draw his frailties from their dread abode(There they alike in trembling hope repose),The bosom of his Father and his God.,诗歌欣赏4,20,墓志铭 （托马斯 格雷）此地有青年，头枕大地眠。默默无名声，坎坷又贫贱。家境虽寒微，才华却超凡。忧伤度青春，碌碌送华年。施人既慷慨，待人又忠诚。上天知怜才，深切寄同情。在世不得志，眼中泪常盈。天国有知己，神明知我心

13、。一生随逝水，功名无可扬。不需寻暇疵，身在土中藏最后审判日，功过自昭彰。身归天父怀，灵魂入天堂。 （丰华瞻译）,【译文】,21,A Red, Red Rose (Robert Burns)O, my Luves like a red, red rose,Thats newly sprung in June;O, my Luves like the melodieThats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I,And I will luve thee still, my dear

14、, Till a the seas gang dry.Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun!And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve, And fare thee weel, a while! And I will come again, my Luve,Tho it were ten thousand mile!,诗歌欣赏 5,22,吾爱吾

15、爱玫瑰红，六月初开韵晓风；吾爱吾爱如管弦，其声修扬而玲珑。吾爱吾爱美而殊，我心爱你永不渝，我心爱你永不渝，直到四海海水枯；,直到四海海水枯，岩石融化变成泥，只要我还有口气，我心爱你永不渝。暂时告别我心肝，请你不要把心耽！纵使相隔十万里，踏穿地皮也要还。 （郭沫若译）,【译文】,红玫瑰,23,The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea, The plowman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to dark

16、ness and to me. (Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard),诗歌欣赏6,【译文一】 暮钟鸣，昼已暝， 牛羊相呼，纡回草径， 农人荷锄归，蹒跚而行， 把全盘的世界剩我与黄昏。 （郭沫若译）,24,【译文二】 晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧， 牛群在草原上迂回，吼叫起落， 耕地的人累了，回家走，脚步踉跄， 把整个世界留给了黄昏与我。 （卞之琳译）,【译文三】 晚钟响起为即将逝去的白昼报丧， 羊群缓缓蜿蜒走过草地，咩咩叫唤， 疲惫的耕地人上路回家，步履蹒跚， 他们把世界留给了我，留给了黑暗。 （何功杰译）,25,【译文四】 晚

17、钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。 牛群呼叫归，迂回走草径。 农夫荷锄犁，倦倦回家门。 唯我立旷野，独自对黄昏。 （丰华瞻译）【译文五】 晚钟响起夕阳坠， 牛群哞哞绕径回； 农夫荷锄蹒跚归， 留我夜幕一片黑。 （王振国译）,26,英语散文包括描述性散文、说明性散文、抒情性散文和说理性散文等。,21. 2 散文翻译 (Translation of Prose),27,散文文体一般可分： 正式散文体采取客观的态度讨论问题，说理透彻，逻辑性强，结构严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重，作者常常在作品中表现出强烈的个性，甚至有些散文作品浓缩到几乎每句皆都可成为座右铭的程度。,28,非正式散文体是个人思想感情的抒发。作者让自己

18、的想象力自由地翱翔，用轻松的文笔探讨一个严肃的主题，时而谈到这一点，时而又转到那一点，像春蚕吐丝，若即若离，婉转曲折，点到即止，主题虽小，意义深刻，风格自由，生动幽默，轻松自然。,29,在翻译正式散文时，必须注意使译文的笔调适合原文的庄重风格。 在翻译非正式散文时，译文风格轻松自由一点、结构散漫随意一点。,30,散文欣赏1 I had scarcely got into bed when a strain of music seemed to break forth in the air just below the window. I listened, and found it proce

19、eded from a band, which I concluded to be the waits from some neighboring village. They went round the house, playing under the windows. I drew aside the curtains to hear them more distinctly.,【译文】我刚要上床睡觉，一串乐声似乎就在窗下响起。我侧耳倾听，原来是一个乐队在吹拉弹奏，一定是邻村来的圣诞乐队。他们绕着屋子走，在窗下奏乐。我拉开窗帘以便听得更清楚些。,31,The moonbeams fell

20、through the upper part of the casement, partially lighting up the antiquated apartment. The sounds, as they receded, became more soft and aerial, and seemed to accord with the quiet and moonlight. I listened and listened they became more and more tender and remote, and, as, they gradually died away,

21、 my head sunk upon the pillow, and I fell asleep. (Washington Irving: Christmas Eve),【续】月光透过落地窗的上部，部分地照亮了这一古旧的房屋。随着乐声渐远，声音变得更加轻柔飘渺，与四周的宁静和月光相和谐一致。我听着听着乐声越来越弱，越遥远，逐渐地消逝。我的头落在了枕头上，安然睡去。,32,散文欣赏2 Youth Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and s

22、upple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.,【译文】 青春 青春不只是一段生命，更是一种心态；它不只意味着红润的脸颊、殷红细嫩的双唇和柔韧的双膝，更意味着坚韧的意志、卓越的想象力和奋发的激情；它是生命的源泉，散发着清新气息。,33,Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timi

23、dity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bo

24、ws the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.,【续】青春意味着激情勇气压倒怯懦胆小，冒险精神压倒贪恋安逸。青春常驻于60岁的高龄老者而未必常见于20岁的妙龄青年。人并非只因岁月流逝而衰老，而是因为抛弃了理想追求才变得老态龙钟。 岁月可以使人的肤肌起皱打褶，然而一旦没了热情活泼，灵魂中便长出皱褶纹波。焦虑恐惧，缺乏自信，会使人身心憔悴衰老，精神如同死灰尘埃。,34,Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human beings heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing chi

25、ldlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.,【续】无论是60岁还是16岁，人人都有争胜好奇之心。人们常常童心不泯，憧

26、憬未来，一生追求幸福，渴望欢乐。你我心中都有一部“无线电台”，只要能从他人和上帝那儿频频接收到美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信息，我们便可青春永驻。,35,When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you m

27、ay die young at 80. (Readers Digest, Jan. 91),【续】 一旦“天线”落下，愤世嫉俗的皑皑白雪和悲观遁世的层层冰雪便会掩盖遮挡你的精神活力，使你仅在20岁时就衰老憔悴。然而只要天线依然高高耸立，为你源源不断地传送着豪迈乐观的“电波，即使年高80，你也可以带着青春的希望离去人间。,36,散文欣赏3 ： Two Basic Ways to See Growth There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other a process. People have generall

28、y viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.,【译文】

29、 对于成长的两种基本看法 对于成长，有着两种基本看法：一是当作结果来看；二是当作过程来看。人们通常把个人的成长看作是容易看到和容易衡量的外在结果或产物。工人得到晋升、学生提高成绩、外国人新学会一种语言这些都是表明人们的努力取得的可以衡量成果的例子。,37,By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the w

30、ay. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new ch

31、allenges to accept.,【续】相比之下，确定个人成长的过程却要困难得多，因为从定义上说，过程是一个旅程，而不是旅途上某个特定的路标或里程碑。过程不是道路本身，而是人们遇到新的经历和意想不到的困难时所持的态度或心情，即谨慎的态度或勇敢的精神。在这一过程中，旅程是永远不会真正结束的，总需要人们用新的方式去体验人生，尝试新观念，迎接新挑战。,38,In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to

32、accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences.,【续】为了成长，为了踏上新旅程，人们要有甘于冒险

33、、勇于面对未知事物和经得起一开始就可能遭到“失败”的精神。我们在尝试一种新的生存方式时，对我们能力的发展至关重要的就是如何看待自己。我们是否觉察到自己反应敏捷、有好奇心？如果是这样，我们就能抓住更多的机遇，更能接受不熟悉的经验。,39,Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were sl

34、ow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.,【续】我们是否认为自己生性胆小、优柔寡断呢？如果是这样，胆怯会使我们犹豫不决、行动迟缓，没有绝对安全的把握，不敢跨出一步。我们是否认为自己应变迟钝，或者不能十分精明地应付新的挑战呢？如果是这样，我们就可能是一个更加被动的人，甚至根本不敢做任何尝试。,40,These feelings of insecu

35、rity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.,【续】如果我们要改变自己，要成长，这些不安全感和自我怀疑的态度都是难免的、必

36、然的。如果我们不能正视并战胜这些内心的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们过分地保护自己，我们就不再成长。我们就会作茧自缚。,41,小说创作离不开人物、情节、语言、风格这些要素，离不开人物的塑造和情节的安排。 人和人的生活是文学的主要表现对象，而塑造丰满鲜明的人物形象，是小说共同的艺术追求； 小说中的人物不仅具有典型性，而且是真实可信的。 作者按照自己的意图来安排小说的情节，以达到传达思想感情的目的。,21. 3 小说翻译 (Translation of Novels),42,一篇成功的小说译文从语境、人物描绘、总体风格；从内容到风格都必须尽量贴近原文。,43,When to these recollecti

37、ons was added the development of Wickhams character, it may be easily believed that the happy spirits which had seldom been depressed before, were now so much affected as to make it almost impossible for her to appear tolerably cheerful. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice),【译文】她（伊丽莎白）虽说一向性情开朗，难得有意气消沉

38、的时候，但是一想起这些事，加上渐渐认清了威克姆的真面目，心里难免受到莫大的刺激，因而连强作欢颜也几乎办不到了，这是可想而知的。（孙致礼译）,小说欣赏1,44,It was Miss Murdstone who was arrived, and a gloomy looking lady she was; dark, like her brother, whom she greatly resembled in face and voice; and with very heavy eyebrows, nearly meeting over her large nose, as if, bein

39、g disabled by the wrongs of her sex from wearing whiskers, she had carried them to that account.,【译文】来的不是别人，正是枚得孙小姐。只见这个妇人，满脸肃杀，发肤深色，和她兄弟一样，而且噪音，也都和她兄弟非常地像。两道眉毛非常地浓，在大鼻子上面几乎都连到一块儿了，好像因为她是女性，受了冤屈，天生地不能长胡子，所以才把胡子这笔账，转到眉毛的帐上了。,小说欣赏2,45,She brought with her two uncompromising hard black boxes, with her

40、initials on the lids in hard brass nails. When she paid the coachman she took her money out of a hard steel purse, and she kept the purse in a very jail of a bag which hung upon her arm by heavy chains, and shut up like a bite. I had never, at that time, seen such a metallic lady altogether as Miss

41、Murdstone was. (Charles Dickens: David Copperfield),【续】她带来了两个棱角崚嶒、非常坚硬的大黑箱子，用非常坚硬的铜钉，把她那姓名的字头，在箱子的盖儿上钉出来。她开发车钱的时候，她的钱是从一个非常坚硬的钢制钱包儿里拿出来的，而她这个钱包儿，又是装在一个和监狱似的手提包里，用一条粗链子挂在胳膊上，关上的时候像狠狠地咬了一口一样。我长到那个时候，还从来没见过别的妇人，有像枚得孙小姐那样完全如钢似铁的。（张谷若译）,小说欣赏2,46,The season developed and matured. Another years installment

42、 of flowers, leaves, nightingales, thrushes, finches and such ephemeral creatures, took up their positions where only a year ago others had stood in their place, when these were nothing more than germs and inorganic particles.,【译文】季节发展渐臻成熟。花朵、树叶、夜莺、画眉、金丝雀，各种转瞬即逝的生物又准时在各自的位置上出现了，而在短短一年以前它们都只不过是些小小的芽檗

43、或无机的分子，而处在它们今天的地位上的还是另外的生命。,小说欣赏3,47,Rays from the sunrise drew forth the buds and stretched them into long stalks, lifted up sap in noiseless streams, opened petals, and sucked out scents in invisible jets and breathings.,【续】晨曦的光辉使嫩芽绽放，把它们拉长，变作了长长的茎；催得树液无声地奔流，惹得花瓣烂漫地开放，吸得花香无形地飞溅喷吐。,48,Amid the oozi

44、ng fatness and warm ferments of the Var Vale, at a season when the rush of juices could almost be heard below the hiss of fertilization, it was impossible that the most fanciful love should not grow passionate. The ready bosoms existing there were impregnated by their surroundings.,【续】在伐尔谷里土地肥沃得冒油、温

45、暖得发酵，在一切生命都在嗞嗞地孕育生长的季节里，就连草木液汁的奔流也几乎可以听得见。此时此地即使是最不切实际的爱情也难免会萌动滋长的。住在这儿的两个心心相印的人儿此时也受到环境的感染，怦然心动了。,49,July passed over their heads, and the Thermidorean weather which came in its wake seemed an effort on the part of Nature to match the state of hearts at Talbothays Dairy. The air of the place, so fr

46、esh in the spring, and early summer, was stagnant and enervating now. Its heavy scents weighed upon them, and at mid-day the landscape seemed lying in a swoon.,【续】七月从他俩的头上消逝了，热月天气随之而来，这时大自然似乎努力适应着泰波特斯奶场上这对情人的心理。这里的空气在春季和夏初都清新凉爽，现在却变得重浊沉滞起来，令人倦怠，它那沉重的气息压在人们心上，到了正午便憋闷得似乎连景物都昏厥了。,50,Ethiopic scorchings

47、 browned the upper slopes of the pastures, but there was still bright green herbage here where the watercourses purled. And as Clare was oppressed by the outward heats so was he burdened inwardly by a waxing fervour of passion for the soft and silent Tess. (T. Hardy: Tess of the DUrbervilles),【续】爱塞俄

48、比亚式的烈日晒黄了草场上部的山坡，但在溪流潺潺的处所仍然满眼是鲜艳的绿草。克莱尔此时不但承受着外在的暑热的烤灼，而且还承受着内部的热情的激荡，那是他对温柔沉默的苔丝日益滋长的爱。,51,Life in Death The painter was known for his ability to put life on canvas like no other artist of his time. His skill in the use of colors was so great that some who viewed the paintings he created said that

49、 they were more true to life than life itself.,【译文】生死消长 有位画家能在画布上展示生命，这一点别人都比不上他。他善于运用色彩笔墨，但凡看过他画的人都说，他画什么像什么，甚至超过原物原样。,小说欣赏4,52,He, indeed, was a skilled artist. When he painted fruit, it seemed as though you could take it from the picture and eat it. When he put a field of spring flowers on canvas

50、, you could view the scene in the painting and imagine yourself walking in that field, feeling a gentle breeze carrying the fragrance of the flowers. And when he put a face on his canvas with his brush, it looked like a person of flesh and blood with life and breath.,【续】他确实画技超群。他画水果，你就会禁不住想要取食。他画迎春花