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1、四级考试作文专题,记叙文,记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体，通常分为三类：1. 以人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一件事或两件事。2. 以事件为主的记叙文。即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人或几个人。3. 以写景状物为主的记叙文，应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不可截然分开，但各有侧重。写这类作文要综合记叙、描写和议论等写作方法，既要交代时间、地点、人物、事情的发生、发展和变化，也要分析事情发生的原因或写出个人感受。,记叙文的“六大要素”,时间（When） 何时发生，有没有具
2、体时间？地点（Where） 何地发生，有没有地点变化？人物（Who） 何人参与，谁是主角？事件（What） 发生了什么，有何特点？原因（Why） 事件的起因？结果（How） 事件的经过及结局？,记叙的基本线索,综合叙事型写作流程,第一段：引出主题。(交待清楚事情发生的背景，如时间、地点及人物等。)第二段：主体。(描述事情发生的起因、经过和结果。)第三段：事件分析。(分析事件发生的原因或者写出个人的感受。),常用句型,1. 表示时间顺序的连接词： Early in the morning/In the early morning In the middle of the day/At noon
3、Late in the afternoon/In the late afternoon Far/Deep into the night In the past; At present,; In the future First; Second; Next; Then; Finally At first/In the beginning; At last/In the end Shortly afterwards/At once/Immediately/All of a sudden/Suddenly/Soon The moment /As soon as/The first time ; No
4、t until, Next time , Before , After , etc.,2.交代主题,3. 表示事件发生,4. 表示心理活动,5. 描写人物外貌、性格6. 描写物体7. 描写景物,记叙文在四级考试中出现的频率,An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.）,When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。Where：到哪儿散步？去公园？在校园里？在街上（街上空气不好，还是不去！）。Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子；在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼；一
5、日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。,An Early Morning Walk,One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally i
6、n the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.,When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some
7、 were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke
8、 to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.,评析,文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句
9、话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。,2003.6The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/Got Injured,Di
10、rections：for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day my Classmate Fell Ill.1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是.,Sample：The Day My Classmate Fell Ill,I have a classmate named Angel, who is a lovely and bright girl. She is popular with
11、all the classmates. One day, news came that Angel had got blood cancer. It really shocked everybody. When I saw her in the hospital, I could not help crying. She was so thin, so weak, and it seemed that only skin and bones were left. Her face was so pale. Even so, she gave us a big smile to comfort
12、us.,We decided to help her save her life. Angel s family was not very rich and could not afford the operation. All the classmates and teachers began to raise money in school. Some called the media for help. In the end, we succeeded in raising the money for the first operation. We will keep trying un
13、til Angel is cured. Many people offered as much help as they could even though they did not know Angel. I am really touched by this. There is love everywhere as long as we seek for it.,评析：,1.内容上：紧扣主题。第一、二段详细叙述生的什么病、病情严重性以及师生帮助她的方式。2. 结构上：思路清晰，主次分明，非常有条理（coherent）。记叙文中的五要素（Who, When, What, Why, How）都
14、得到了详实的叙述。3. 语言上：逻辑性与连贯性强，句式结构丰富多样，闪光词语很多。,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident （2003年6月）,假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：1）车祸发生的时间及地点2）你所见到的车祸情况3）你对车祸原因的分析,The Most Impressive Classmate in My College（2014年12月）,The Most Impressive Classmate in My College,Without question, Lisa is the per
15、son who has influenced my college life most. She is my classmate, who always leaves a deep impression on you by demonstrating her passion for life and the spirit of never yielding, even in the face of extreme challenges. She is the most courageous person I have ever known.,During my college years, i
16、t is Lisa that kept teaching me how to live through setbacks in the life journey. Ill never forget that when I failed in my English examination and I felt overwhelmed, Lisa taught me that failure teaches success, everyone had to persevere and face up to innumerable setbacks, as long as I face my pro
17、blems bravely, I would create my own wonderful life . With her help , I finally gained the confidence and passed the exam. Thanks to Lisa, I have learned the importance of courage, which is the indispensable characteristic in my life. She also let me know the importance of confidence. It means a lot
18、 to me and still in my head till this day.,命题趋势,一、命题形式更为灵活。主要体现在以下两点。一方面，作文题目体裁不局限单一的议论文，而是描写、记叙、说明、议论等各种体裁的综合考察。二. 考查与大学生日常生活紧密相关的话题。写作话题取材于考生的实际生活，更侧重于内容描述，基本语言的灵活运用，考生必须要有话可说，掌握基本语言的运用和表达。三、语言仍然是考查重点。,An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident （2003年6月）,假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：1）车祸
19、发生的时间及地点2）你所见到的车祸情况3）你对车祸原因的分析,参考模板,My name is _. I am _. （自我介绍）At noon, around _oclock, _, I was _, when I was shocked by _. （事故的发生）I saw _.（第一眼所见场景） Soon _. （事情的发展一）I got there and found _. （事情的发展二）At the same time I saw_. （同时发生的事）It was obvious that _.（作者的推断）After a moment, _. （事情的发展三）_while _. （
20、结局） The above is all I saw about the accident. （概述）It is my opinion that _s, especially _. （事故原因一）Besides, _. （事故原因二）Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided or reduced if _.（总结）,1 It is (时间和地点) when (事件) took place. 2 (简单叙述一两句). 3 I saw sight. 4 (描写情景，注意描写的顺序). 5 To begin with, . 6 And then, . 7 Eventually, . 8 As a consequence, (结束语). 9 In my opinion, three factors contribute to . 10 First, (原因1). 11 Second， (原因2). 11 Last , (原因3). 12 All these led to (结束语).第三段或为以下模式： 9 I do believe (个人感受).,
