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1、Unit One,Book Two,Time-Conscious Americans,SECTION A,Contents,Text Analysis,Key Sentence Patterns,Writing & Reading Skills,Lead-in Activities,Background Information,Key Word Study,After learning this unit, students are supposed to be able to:1. talk about time consciousness of Americans. 2. learn ab
2、out cultural differences. 3. master the key words and sentence patterns. 4. writing skills-how to write a para. of a general statement supported by specific details and reasons.5. improve the reading skillshow to find the main ideas.,Teaching Objectives,Lead-in Activities 1 -,Proverbs on Time,Read t
3、he following proverbs. Have you ever learnt them?What are the Chinese versions for them?,时间创造奇迹。,1.1. Time works wonders. 2. Time tries truth.,时间检验真理。,Time is the best healer. Time and tide wait for no man.,时间是治愈创伤的良药。,时间不等人。（时不我待。）,5. Time is money.6. Time flies.,7. An inch of time cannot be bought
4、 by an inch of gold.,8. All time is no time when it is past.,机不可失，时不再来。,9.Time lost is never regained. 光阴一去不复返。,1. Why we say “time is money”? 2. What does time mean to us? 3. What should we do with time?,Lead-in Activities 2Watch & discussion,Time Is Life,返回,Situation 1 an appointment,How to Manage
5、 the Following Situations?,Situation 2 home visit,Situation 3 to a party,Situation 4 being invited to dinner,Situation 5 an interview,Lead-in Activities 3 Pair Work,Situation 1: Dr. Tom McDivern from NY is practicing medicine in a rural area in Saudi Arabia. His opening day was booked fully a week a
6、go. But half an hour passed, neitherof his first two patients arrived.,Why?,Why?,Why?,Why?,Americans tend to be _.,To the Arabians, _ _ is acceptable.,punctual,half an hour,or 40 minutes late,Situation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit he
7、r when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house.,But when you knocked at the door ,In China, its OKto visit friendswithout callingahead of time.While in the U.S.,its impolite to doso.,Mary felt surprised. Why?,What is the polite way in the U.S.?,Calling ahead of time.,Situation 3: Your Americ
8、an friend invited you to her party tonight at 7:30. When are you supposed to get there? Why?,A. Before 7:00, to help her to prepare.B. 510 late, not to be the first guest.C. After 8:00, Im the VIP.D. 510 earlier, its a polite way to show my respect for her.,In the U.S., people tend to be _.,In China
9、, close friends tend to arrive _，but acquaintances tend to arrive _.,510 late (B),before 7:00 (A),510 earlier (D),General differences between Chinese & Americans,Time Consciousness,Chinese:Relatively more attention to the past (nostalgic) and to the longer-term future.,American:Less interested in th
10、e past; eye on near-term future.,Americans have formulated their own concept of time. In general, American time is exact, people are punctual, activities are scheduled, and time is appropriated for separate activities.,Two different management styles of time,Time can be thought of as a straight line
11、 or as a circle: the linear, sequential march of days and years, or the rotation of the seasons. Our cultural orientation has a profound effect on our daily lives and business functions.,Monochronic / Polychronic Time 单向计时制 /多向计时制 introduced by American anthropologist Edward Hall,Two different manag
12、ement styles of time,Monochronic time is one-track linear: people do one thing at a time.Polychronic time is multi-track circular; it allows many things to happen simultaneously, with no particular end in sight.Monochronic time is tightly compartmentalized (划分): schedules are almost sacred. Polychro
13、nic time is open-ended: completing the task or communication is more important than adhering to a schedule.,Monochronic /Polychronic Time,Common Time Differences,What do you think of Chinese people, Monochronic or Polychronic? Can you cite some examples ?,Polychronic Chinese,Question to ponder on,Be
14、fore doing something, Chinese will trace back to the old experience trying to get some successful tips.Chinese have high respect for “old”, emphasizing age and experience. 老练、老成、老手、老马识途、老马嘶风、老当益壮、老谋深算、老成持重、老成练达、老松耐寒、老骥伏枥，志在千里、老将出马，一人顶两、 树老根须多,人老见识多、生姜老的辣、老凤清于雏凤声、不听老人言，吃亏在眼前,Polychronic Chinese,中国人的时
15、间观： 典型的东方镜头：大漠中的牵驼人， 晒太阳儿的农民，一步一伏的朝圣者，边唠边绣的妇女，半天不起杆的钓者，藤架下的品茶人，晨练太极的老者.他们都不着急。,Contrast to the Americans time concept,Another question to ponder on,What do you know about American in treating time? Monochronic or Polychronic? Can you make some examples ?,Monochronic American,“Old” in English is asso
16、ciated with lack of energy, creativity, challenge, useless, burden .Some English sayings concerning “old”:An old dog will learn no new tricks./ You cant teach an old dog new tricks.（老狗学不会新把戏） It is hard to make an old dog stoop.（老狗弯腰，谈何容易）“elderly” or “senior citizen”（people over 60），“golden ager” (
17、retired people over 65),Monochronic American,Some expressions showing the monochronic concept,lace/put on the agenda （列入议事日程）agree (up)on an agenda (就议事日程取得一致意见）lay out/map out/make out/plan a schedulehave a full schedule（时间表排得很紧）maintain a schedule（遵守某一时间表）accomplish sth. according to schedule （按照预
18、定计划完成某件事情）,on/to schedule （按照预定时间）schedule time（预定的时间）a tight schedule（排得紧紧的时间表）at the scheduled time（按时）according to schedule（按时间表）ahead of schedule（提前）behind schedule（迟于预定的时间）,Chinese vs American,All in all, Americans value time as something irrecoverable while Chinese treat time as something enjo
19、yable. In history, Americans were well-known for their inventions like telephone, airplane, fax and other time-saving devices whereas Chinese were famous for their time-consuming practices such as enjoying fireworks, playing ma-jong, and tasting delicious food in leisurely manners. Besides, to the A
20、merican businessmen, time signifies money. They seize every golden minute to make money. By contrast, to the Chinese businessmen, time means an interpersonal network. They seize every occasion to get it into shape.,American: (Individualist) Higher value placed on self-reliance. Self-promotion is mor
21、e accepted. High value placed on freedom from externally imposed constraints.,Conception Of the Self,Chinese: (Collectivist) Higher value placed on group cooperation and individual modesty.,Friendship,Chinese: Small number of close, lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other whate
22、ver form of help might seem required.,American:Large collection of friends and acquaintances which changes over time and involves only limited mutual obligations.,Obligation,American:People avoid interdependent relationships and situations that might entail long-term obligations.,Chinese:Relationshi
23、ps with other people involve reciprocal(互惠的)obligations.,Harmony vs. Truth,American:Willing to confront directly, criticize, discuss controversial topics, press personal opinions about what they consider the truth. Little concern with face.,Chinese: Avoid direct confrontation, open criticism, and co
24、ntroversial topics. Concern maintaining harmony and with face.,Role of laws, rules, and regulations,Chinese:More faith in personal relationships than in written rules and procedures for structuring interactions.,American:Written rules presumably apply to everyone and are assumed to produce fair, rea
25、sonable procedures and decisions.,Key Word Study,Obtain : v. acquire , have granted to one Gain: v. obtain sth. desired or favourableAcquire: v. gain by and for oneself fameAchieve: v. reach or attain by effortWin : v. acquire as a result of fight , contest , bet or some other effortSecure: v. succe
26、ed in obtaining or achieving Attain: v. gain or accomplish an aim , distinction etc by conscious development or effort.,Key word Study,Acquired fame / acquired propertyAchieve victory / achieved notorietyAttain ones aim/ attain great success Gain advantage / gain recognitionObtain what he wished / o
27、btain informationSecured good seats in theatreWin some money / win admiration,Examples,Competent adj. (+to do or for) adequately qualified or capable Competence n. (+ to do or for) ability the state of being competent Competition n. (+ for) competing esp. in an examination in tradeCompetitive adj. I
28、nvolving , offered for or by competition Compete v. (+with,against a person , for a thing )strive for superiority or supremacy),Competent,他能胜任这项任务。,你如要学习英文, 首先得找一位称职的教师。,He is competent for the task.,If you want to learn English, you must first find a competent teacher.,Example,fulfill: 1)do or perf
29、orm, perform sth to a completion 2)supply or satisfy(a need, demand, requirement,Collocation, a promise 履行诺言 ones work 完成工作 prophecy 实现预言 a duty 履行职责 a command 服从命令 an obligation 履行义务, a desire 满足欲望 prayer 实现祈愿 hope 符合愿望 need 符合需要 dream 实现梦想 expectations 符合预想 the terms of the contact 满足合同条款的要求 the c
30、onditions of 具备条件,Consequent adj.1.following as a result or consequence 2. Logically consistent. 3. n. A thing that follows another,Sequent adj. 1. Following as a sequence or consequence 2. Consecutive（依次的；连续的）,consequence,Consequence n. 1.the result or effect of an action or condition 2. importance
31、Consequential adj. 1. following as a result or consequence 2. resulting indirectlySequence n. 1. succession , coming after or nest 2. Order of succession 3. apart of a film dealing with one scene or topicSequential adj. forming a sequence consequence,演绎法,例举法,Main idea of the text ?,Devices for devel
32、oping it?,对比法,Americans value time and save time carefully. In their eyes, time is regarded as precious resource. A person who tends to waste his own time or that of others is never accepted in American culture. Consequently, Americans try every means to save time in their daily life, business and w
33、ork so as to make every minute count. Besides, to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in U.S.A is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent.,Part 1,Part 2,Part 3,Part 4,Text Analysis,Main Idea:,(Paras. 1-2),Americans value and save time.,Part 1,Part 2,Part 3,Part 4,Text Analysis,Mai
34、n Idea:,(Paras. 3-5),Americans resent someone wasting time and are working hard in saving time.,Part 1,Part 2,Part 3,Part 4,Text Analysis,Main Idea:,(Paras. 6-7),Americans produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices and view the impersonality of electronic communication as insignificant.,Part 1,Pa
35、rt 2,Part 3,Part 4,Text Analysis,Main Idea:,(Paras. 5-7),It is taken as a sign of skillfulness to solve a problem with speed in the U.S.,Sentence Analysis,We are slaves to nothing but the clock. Meaning: We are under the control of time only and nothing else.,We budget it, save it, waste it, steal i
36、t, kill it cut it, account for it; we also charge for it.Meaning: We deal with time in various ways as if time were something of real value.(6) We want every minute to count.Meaning: We want every minute to be put into good use. Since it is precious.,5.Once the sands have run out of a persons hourgl
37、ass, they cannot be replaced. (Para.2)hourglass: n. a glass container holding fine sand for measuring time, which is narrow in the middle like a figure 8 so that the sand inside can run slowly from the top half to the bottom taking exactly one hour Meaning: The whole sentence is a metaphor, which me
38、ans: Once time has passed, it will not return.,Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk;(para4) Meaning: Usually Americans do not judge or evaluate their visitors in a restaurant or coffee house which are considered relaxed places through
39、 long, light conversations;,Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time,(para8) Meaning: As a result, people think that assignments are gaining additional importance with the passage of time. In the U.S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being
40、 competent to solve a problem , or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Meaning: In the U.S., however, if you can solve a problem or do a job quickly, you will be considered as a person having skill or ability.,to stand still - keep or stay in a position or state(L. 1) Other phrases: stand idle /
41、 stand opposed / stand ready / stand firm,For example,Those who are always satisfied with what they achieved and stand still will easily fall behind.,Example,to have a rather acute sense of feel or sense fine , sharpRelated phrases: acute pain / an acute lack of sth.A sense of humour / a sense of si
42、ght / a sense of place,Great losses in Anti-Japanese war account for why Chinese people have a rather acute sense of the true value of developing science and technology.,Example,to race through to do sth. in a hurryRelated phrases: race with / have a race with,As the time is running out, these stude
43、nts have to race through the rest of the questions on the test paper.,Example,to produce / make a steady flow of （许多，一系列）,At this conference, the central government made a steady flow of significant decisions concerning the national economy and peoples livelihood.,Example,to take sth. as a sign of r
44、egard sth. As a symbolRelated phrases: sign for acknowledge receipt of by signing / sign in sign a register on arrival in a place,Some teenagers take smoking as a sign of being mature and manly, but actually smoking is a potential killer.,Example,to pour capital, energy and attention intodevote all
45、to sth.,Curie poured all her love and energy into the scientific research and experiment on radium.,Collocation,Acting before thinking always _ failing. The accident _ the death of two people Nothing _ his efforts. The childs illness _ eating unclean food。A love marriage, however, does not necessari
46、ly _ much sharing of interests and responsibilities. (CET-4 96.1) a. take over b. result in c. hold on d. keep to 然而有爱情的婚姻未必会使夫妇利益共享，责任共担。,results in,resulted in,has resulted from,resulted from,b,Sentence Patterns,The child often turns a deaf ear to the peoples care; much less do they criticize.He w
47、ould not do anything that might disgrace his country, much less would he turn traitor.,Structure 1,Example,Sb. does not do sth.; much less does sb. do sth. else. 某人不会做/没有做某事， 更不用说做其他的事。,Sentence Patterns,Structure2,Example,Unless, it seems in ones eyes (to ones mind) as if 如果不是，则某人就觉得好像是,By the cust
48、om of the times, unless some of our guests get drunk at table, it seems to our minds as if we are not warm-hearted enough towards them.,Sentence Structure,subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject +v-ing /v-ed,No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 没有做进一步的讨论, 会议就告结束了。Time i
49、s one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor.,Now you try:,吃完午饭, 所有客人都回到了起居室。Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room.,独立结构,Structure3,Now you try:,Given their inexperience, the
50、yve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。,看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。,Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.,Structure 4,How to write a paragraph of a general statement supporting by details,Writing Skill,Illust
