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1、It的用法,一、it 作人称代词的用法,1.指事物作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。Its hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog?”“Its in the bedroom.”“狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。,2.指人it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?There is a knock on the door. It must b
2、e the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说Its me。,3.代替某些代词代词it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：“Whats this?”“Its a new machine.” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗?,二、it 作非人称代词的用法,1.基本用法it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。 1. It is Friday today.
3、2. It was very cold last Monday. 3. It is about 8:30 now.4. It is about 25km from Linquan to Fuyang.5. It lies in the south of Anhui.6. It is 40C ! You got a high fever!,date,weather,time,distance,place,temperature,2.用于某些句型Its time for sth. 该做某事了。Its time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。Its time for sb to do st
4、h. 某人该干某事了。Its (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)Its first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)Its + 时间段 + since. 自从有一段时间了。Its + 时间段 + before. 过多长的时间才 its=it wasIts + 时间段 + that. 多久了Its + 时间段 + when .是在某个时刻,It is time for breakfast.,It is time to have break
5、fast.,It is time for us to have breakfast.,It is the first time Ive been here.,It is two weeks since I saw him,Its ten years before I graduated.,Its ten years that Ive lived here for,It was ten years ago when I graduated,三、it用作形式主语,1.基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：It
6、s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。Its hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。Its unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。,2.用作形式主语的的重要句型(1)it 作形式主语替代不定式 构成”It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth“ 某人做某事 It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。 It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她
7、说那样的话，真是太蠢了。【Tip】介词of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对来说”,2) It is V-ed + that It is said (reported, learned) + thatIt is said that he has come to Beijing. It is suggested ( ordered, demanded, insisted, commanded) + that 从句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时， that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + V原形). Should可以省略。译为
8、“据建议；有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,3) It is a pity (a shame) that That 后的从句一般用虚拟语气 (should+V原形), should 可以省略. 表示出乎意料，译为 ”竟然“。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.,(4)It takes sb. + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了时间It takes years to master
9、a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。【Tip】此句型可以有以下多变种变体： It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter.,(5)It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事Its up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。(6)it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that as
10、 if似乎It seemed as though he didnt recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。(7)If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for若不是因为If it were not for their help, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。,四、it用作形式宾语,1.基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语
11、补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。,2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1)动词+ it + that-从句。如：I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。I take it
12、(that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like 等。,(2)动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate
13、 it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。,(3)动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：See to it that youre not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。Look to it that this doesnt happen ag
14、ain. 注意不要再发生这种事。You may rely on it that hell come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。I cant answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。,(4)动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for g
15、ranted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sbs attention, owe it to sb 等。,五、用于强调句型中,1) It + be+被强调部分 + that/who (a person) 从句,I met Tom in the park yesterday.,1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.,2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterd
16、ay.,3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.,4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.,2) It is not until + 被强调的部分+ that 该句型也是强调句型，主要用于强调时间状语，译成“直到才”，可以说是not until 的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off he
17、r dark classes did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,六、it 常用的固定搭配,1. make it1) 在口语当中相当于succeed, 表示: 成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 如: Its hard to make it to the top in show business.2) 在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示“约定好时间” 如: Shall
18、we meet next week?OK. We just make it next Saturday.,2. take it/things easy 相当于Dont worry. 用来劝告别人, 表示“不要慌, 别担心, ”Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中, 相当于it hasnt been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况, 还没有定下来”Are you going to the countryside for holiday?It/That all depends.,4
19、. Its up to sb. 在口语中, 相当于its decided by sb. 表示“由决定, 由负责, 取决于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you.,Its time后的从句用 虚拟语气,一、基本用法从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：I thinkIts timeyou went to bed.我想你该睡觉了。Its timewe went were going, should go.我们该走了。Im getting tired. I
20、ts time we went home.我累了，我们该回家了。I think its time they were taught a lesson.我想现在该给他们一点教训了。Its time you looked ahead and made plans for your retirement.是你为以后想一想并对退休后的生活做出安排的时候了。,二、同义表达该是孩子们上床的时间了。Its timethe kids were in bed. =Its timefor the kids to be in bed.It is time that the children went to bed.
21、 = It is high time that the children should go to bed.,三、两点说明(1)time前有时有about和high修饰：Its high time we left.我们早该动身了。Its high time you bought a new car.你该买辆新车了。I think its high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。Its high time they began to take you seriously.现在他们应该开始认真对待你了。(2)与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was时而用were：Its time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were),
