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1、形容词与副词,形容词和副词的考点,考查形容词和副词的基本用法考查形容词作定语的后置规律3.考查多个形容词作定语的排序4.考查副词在句中的位置规律5.考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别,1. “That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.(2013广东省高考),reasonable,2.He must be 20 (mental) disabled. (2011广东省高考),mentally,3. T
2、he teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _(sweet).”(2010年广东省高考),sweeter,4.One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _(late) th
3、at day. (2011广东省高考),later,修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。 1）. 形容词可分为两类：,形容词：,A:性质形容词-说明事物特征性质，有级的变化，也可以用程度副词修饰,在句中做定语、表语和补语。,B:叙述形容词只能做表语，没有级的变化，主要有： sad, worried, aware, ill, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。,改正下列句中的错误I have to stay at home to look after my ill mothe
4、r, who caught a bad cold the other day.,解析：ill表示“生病的”意思时，只用作表语形容词，不能作定语。ill后接名词，表达“邪恶的，品德败坏的”意思。my ill mother意为“品德败坏的母亲”。,什么是表语形容词？,不能作定语的形容词叫表语形容词，但少数表语形容词作定语时只能后置。如：alike，asleep, awake，afraid，present， ill,sick,2) 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前， 但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于 所修饰的名词之后：,1) 形容词用于系动词后作表语,It is _(difficulty)
5、 for you to finish the exercise.,difficult,a形容词短语作定语时要后置,例: _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国)Brave enough studentsB. Enough brave students C. Students brave enoughD. Students enough brave,副词enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后，形容词enough修饰名词时放在前后都可。,b表语形容词作定语要后置。,把括号中的
6、词放入恰当的位置All the people at the party were his supporters. （present）,c形容词修饰不定代词something,everything, anything, nothing等时，要位于后面。如：,Is there anything important in todays newspaper?,2.今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？,1.美好的东西,Something nice,找出下列一组词中词性不同的一个单词hurriedly B. repeatedly C. naturally D. absolutely E. friendly F.
7、 obviously,E. friendly,以ly结尾的词不一定是副词，有可能是形容词。以ly结尾的形容词有以下几种情况： 1表示人际关系的名词 ly： friendly, brotherly，sisterly，manly， womanly，fatherly，motherly，comradely；,Which one is true？He spoke to me very friendly. He spoke to me in a very friendly way.,2其他情况：deadly, costly, likely, unlikely , lively, lovely homely
8、, lonely3表示时间的名词 ly (也可用作副词) daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, timely,The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.,写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级well _ _ good _ _thin _ _heavy _ _large _ _ fast _ _difficult _ _ complicated _ _,better best; better best; thinner thinnest； heavier heaviest; large
9、r largest； faster fastest;,more difficult most difficult； more complicated most complicated,形容词的比较级和最高级构成规律如下： 1. 在一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式要双写该辅音字母。 如： big bigger biggest。 2. 在以e结尾的单音节形容词，其比较级和最高级形式在原级形式后加r和st。 如：nice nicer nicest。 3. 其他单音节形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是在其原级后面直接加上er和est。 如：new newer newes
10、t。,4. 在以辅音字母y结尾的双音节形容词中， 其比较级和最高级形式常改y为i，末尾再加er和est。如：easy easier easiest。 5. 大多数多音节形容词中，其比较级和最高级形式由more /most加原级构成。如：beautiful more beautiful most beautiful。6. 但有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如：far further furthest。,China is larger than any countries in Africa.,2.-Are you satisfied with his answer? -Not
11、at all. It couldnt have been_ (bad).,1.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。,worse,3. The _(difficult) the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.,more difficult,4.Would it be _(convenience) for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?,convenient,观察句子中的修饰词，注意其类别及其出现顺序This a pretty sma
12、ll round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk.,【答案】修饰词顺序及类别分别为： a pretty small round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk(中心词/被修饰词),翻译下列句子，划出句中的副词。1. When the lights are on, the city looks marvelous.2. Though frequently beaten by his opponent, he didnt lose heart. 3. He is pretty clever when it co
13、mes to repairs.4. Obviously, the murderer had a good knowledge of the crime situation.,修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等或表达状态的词叫副词。,副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。副词的位置：1） 在动词之后。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。4) 几个副词 程度 方式 地点 时间 We study hard at school every day.,把括号中的副词放在句中的适当位置:You can get help from us .(
14、always)2.She has been to Beijing.( never)3.There are five new words in the text. ( only)4.I walk .(slowly),注意：1)方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.be badly ill/hurt/damaged/in need2)副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：I very like English.I like English very much.,写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形式 原级比较级 最高级1.
15、fast _ _ 2. well _ _ 3. early _ _4. slowly _ _ 5. Carefully _ _,faster fastest better best earlier earliest more slowly most slowly more carefully most carefully,写出下列形容词的副词形式，注意其变化规律extreme, absolute, true, whole, comfortable, wonderful, musical，straight，wide，friendly,extremely, absolutely, truly, w
16、holly, comfortably, wonderfully, musically，straight，wide/widely, in a friendly way,1大部分以e结尾的形容词变副词直接加 ly，但 true, whole为特殊变化形式。 2. 以ble结尾的形容词变副词去e加y， 如： possible possibly。 3. 以辅音加y结尾的形容词变副词改y为i加ly， 如：heavy-heavily。 4. 以ly结尾的形容词变副词采用in a(n)way形式，如：lovely in a lovely way。,有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它
17、们的含义是不同的 l) close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地 2) free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地 3) hard努力地 hardly几乎不 4) late晚，迟 lately近来 5) most极，非常 mostly主要地 6) wide广阔地， widely广泛地 7) high高 highly高度地，非常地 8) deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深” 9) loud大声地 loudly大声地(喧闹) 10) near邻近 nearly几乎,I.形容词和副词的误用,Complete the sentences.1. Hearing the news, he
18、sat still and looked _ at me. (sad, sadly) Hearing the news, he sat still and looked _.2. He thought _of my work. (high, highly) He sang _ praise for my work. 3. The more_ he works ,the fewer mistakes he will make. (careful , carefully) The more _ he is , the fewer mistakes he will make.,sadly,sad,h
19、ighly,high,carefully,careful,Exercises on our textbook,1.形容词和副词的误用2.形容词副词的词序3.形容词和副词的比较等级用法4.形容词和副词的词义辨析,比较级的用法:表一方超过另一方时, 用“比较级+than” 的结构表示. 表一方不如另一方时, 用 “less+原级+than”的结构表示. This park is less beautiful than that one.2. 比较级前可加修饰词much, even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, far, yet, by far. 注意: by fa
20、r通常用于强调最高级, 用于比较 级时一般放在比较级后面, 如放在前面, 应在中间加the.,如: He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.His explanation is _.by far clearer B. clearer by farC.the clearer by far D. the clearer,重要句型结构:1.“as+adj/adv+as或not so(as)+adj/adv+as.”句型。 该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的 程度上的相似或不同(即平
21、时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”)。例如： My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours. 我的电脑不如你的贵重。,2.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的) +不可数名词+as”。 前者描述数目上的接近，后者描述量的相近。例如： You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借少。 “Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。”,3.“主语+比较级+th
22、an any other” 结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都比较级形式表示最高级含义。例如：Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。注意：若比较范围不同，than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”。例如：,China is larger than any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。4. 诸如not,never之类的否定词与形 容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高级 含义。意为：再没有比更的了。例 如：It is not a b
23、etter idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。,cannottoo；can nevertoo; cannot.enough等的特殊意义 “无论怎么也不过分;越越好”You cant be (can never be)too careful in doing this job.You cannot be careful enough in doing this job.做这项工作， 越小心越好,5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义。例如：This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为：
24、优于；胜过。)Li Ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。(senior to意为：年长于；资格老于；地位高于。,6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个 比较对象都进行否定 (可由neithernor结构来改写)。例如：Im no more foolish than you.(相当于Neither I nor you are foolish.),我们俩都不傻。,7.“not +比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。例如：This book is not more interesting than that one.(相当
25、于The book is less interesting than that one.),这本书不如那本书有趣。,8.“more than”，意为：与其倒不如。 例如：Jack is more frightened than sad.。,与其说杰克伤心, 倒不如说他害怕,。 10.“The+比较级，the+比较级”。该结构意为“越，越”。例如：,The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.,问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。,11.比较级 and 比较级,越来越,天越来越黑,
26、It is getting darker and darker.,12.两者之中较,它是两个中较好的那个,It is the better of the two,13.表达倍数的三种形式：.A is twice /three times bigger/higher/longer-than B2.A is twice/three times as big/high/ long as B3.A is twice/three timesthe size/height/ length of B,例：- How did you find your visit to the museum?- I thor
27、oughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I had expected.A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting,修饰比较级的副词有much , far, even, still, a lot, a little, yet, a bit, by far etc.,例；Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavier B. h
28、eavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest,根据常识这里指的是每次比上一次重多少，属于渐进比较所以用比较级,例: Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ .the better voice B. a good voiceC. the best voice D. a b
29、etter voice,用比较级表示最高级的意义在一定范围内拿出任何一人与之比较never 与比较级连用,1.-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldnt agree _.The idea is great to me.(2000年北京、安徽、内蒙古春季高考题)A. much B. more C. worse D. at all,巩固操练,2.After two years research ,we have a _ better understanding of the disease. (MET2007) A. v
30、ery B. far C. fairly D. quite,3.As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,_(2002上海)the more for life are you equippedB.the more equipped for life you areC.the more life you are equipped forD.you are equipped the more for life,4. Speaking of all the songs he has writ
31、ten, I think this one is probably his _ one (NMET 2007) A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known5.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed there _ (early). (2007北京),earlier,6. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives_ of my friends. (2007上海). A. mor
32、e carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully,7.Since Tom _ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now, _(2007上海) A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly,8.-Are you satisfied with his answer?-Not at all. It couldnt have been_ (bad).9
33、. Is the novel similar _ you? A. for B. at C. as D. to,worse,10. There are several characteristics of the book _ special attention.A. worthy B. worthy of C. worth of D. worthless,11. A new _ bus service to Tianjin Airport started two months ago.(2007天津题)A. normal B. usualC. regular D. common,12. Thi
34、s magazine is very _ with young people, who like its content and style.(2007湖北)A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. particular13. Reading is _ him is _to his life.A. for; what B. as; like C. to; what D. at; as,14. This room is _ much larger than that one.A.no B. not a C. no a D. as15.He began to tak
35、e political science _ only when he left school.(2007湖北） A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously,(2008全国I卷）28. Youre driving too fast. Can you drive _?more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit（2008福建卷）26. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _ t
36、o people greeting him. A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold,（2008山东卷）33. Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport? A. freeB. vacant C. handy D. convenient（2008北京卷）26. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry
37、 and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired,注意下列几组词的用法：,ago/before I started working in the school three years ago.Last year he left the army that he had joined eighteen years before.We (have) never met them before.I visited him two days _, but he had gone to London five days _.,ago,bef
38、ore,2) almost, nearly两者互换的场合：在肯定句中；饰all, every,always等时；在行为动词的否定式前Almost /Nearly all the people are here. I am almost/nearly 90 years old.I almost/nearly always go to bed at eleven.He almost/nearly didnt hear what I said.只能使用almost 的场合：饰no, none, never, any 及no和any 的合成词；饰表示感觉或心境的动词和形容词；饰more than 和t
39、oo;I have almost nothing to do today.You could almost imagine you were in Switzerland.Thats almost too much. 那简直太过分了,He always goes to bed very late, so he _ before 7 am. A. almost gets up never B. gets up nearly never C. almost never gets up D. never gets up nearlyHe was proud that he made _ no mistakes in the test. A. nearly B. mostly C. hardly D. almost,Thank you. Get relaxed!,
