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1、,L20Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱,By Smile,Summery writing of L19,Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cats disappearance. The writer of the letter demanded 1,000 for the return of the cat, and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police.,She had to put the money
2、in cardboard box and leave it outside her door. After drawing 1,000 from her bank, she acted on the kidnappers instructions. The money disappeared the following morning, and her cat, Rastus,returned at seven oclock that evening.,New words and expression 生词和短语,ioneer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓, 为开路, 作先驱者Youngpion
3、eer 少先队员a pioneer of operation 手术的开创者advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹,-eer:volunteer 志愿者; engineer工程师; mountaineer登山者;auctioneer 拍卖人；竞争者profiteer暴利获得者，奸商;,lord n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵lordship n.贵族权力, 贵族身份lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地my lord 阁下（对某些贵族、法官及主教的尊称）the Lord 上帝the House of Lords 上议院；the House of Commo
4、ns下议院,The phrase about lordlive like a lord过着贵族般的生活; lord of creation万物之灵；人类; treat sb. like a lord 阔绰地款待某人,duke n.公爵earl n.伯爵baron n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主（女性为： baroness）,Calais n.加来（法国港市）overland adj.陆上的;横跨陆地的；an overland route 陆上路线to travel overland （作）陆上旅行overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.
5、在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上,an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 an overnight guest 过夜的客人overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的oversea student 海外留学生oversea Chinese 华侨,over+动词（over表示超过）overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负
6、担, 过度充电overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高,engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头latest adj.最后的, 最迟的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息, 最新式样Dover n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）,Questions,What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?,More questions,1.On what date did Bleriot and Latham arrive at Calais?2.Did it look as if there wo
7、uld be a race ?3.When would it take place?4.Why did Latham not take part in the race?5.Did Bleriot make a short test flight before setting out ?,6.How long did it take him to fly across the Channel?7.Who greeted him when he arrived Dover?8.How near to Dover did Latham fly the following day?9.Why did
8、 he have to land on the sea for the second time?,Text in details,Explanation,In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.,(1)Lord勋爵Lord Northcliffe诺斯克里夫勋爵 北岩勋爵(1865-1922)A great journalist 一个伟大的新闻人The founder of English modern journalis
9、m英国现代新闻事业的创始人。,他生于爱尔兰一个穷困的律师之家，幼年随父母移居伦敦。少年时代即从事新闻工作：15岁在一家报社做杂活；17岁成为青年杂志的助理编辑，并成为晨邮报和圣詹姆公报撰稿人。1884年，在旅行杂志工作了18个月，很受器重。,thefirstmanwhowouldflyacross = thefirstmantoflyacross.序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句Thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocal policemanShewastheonlyonetosurvivetheplanecrash. 她是唯一幸存与飞机失事的人。=S
10、hewastheonlyone thatsurvivedtheplanecrash.,English ChannelThe English Channel, often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic.,It is about 560 km long and varies in width from 240
11、km at its widest to 34 km in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2,(2)Offer a prize of how much for sth 因为什么提供多少钱的奖励 award a prize 提供奖励 The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work . 学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅
12、丽.,(3) win a prize 赢得奖励 receive a prize He won a prize for good behavior at school. 他因在校的表现好而获奖. There will be a prize for the winner. 优胜者将获得奖品.,(4) offer a price for sth 出价 put money on sbs head 悬赏捉拿某人 offer ones hand to sb. 握手时伸出手 Offer your hand upon introduction and have a firm handshake. 见面时主动伸
13、手,握手有力. offer identity card 出示身份证,fly across 飞越 sail across 横渡 swim across 游过 come across 通过 遇上 碰到 I came across a group of children playing. 我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。We like to identify and celebrate womens success whenever we come across it. 每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。,Explanation,Over a year passed before the fi
14、rst attempt was made.,(1)The first attempt was made after over a year passed. before 比 after 更强调过去的时间长。(2)The first attempt was not made until over a year passed.,Explanation,(1) “before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“就”等等含义。1）与情态动词can / could 连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发
15、生之前主句的动作已经发生。 Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.,2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力多，译成“才”；We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.We waited a long time before the train arrived.3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到就”；We hadnt run a mile befo
16、re he felt tired.,4) 主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定词时，可以译成“刚就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when 替代before; We had hardly / scarcely reached the school before / when the bell rang. 5) 有时before还有“宁愿”的意思；Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.,(2) attempt 的用法：attempt vt. 企图，试图；努力，尝试；attempt sth. I did attempt the
17、last question in the exam.He has attempted a difficult task.attempt to do sth. He attempted to lie.He attempted to leave but was stopped.attempt doing sth. (不如 to do常见）He attempted swimming across the river. attempted adj. （犯罪）未遂的attempted murder / robbery,attempt. n. 企图；尝试make an / no attempt to do
18、 He make no attempt to carry it out.I failed in my attempt to finish it in time.attempt at sth.He make an attempt at winning the first prize.My first attempt at English composition was poor.attempt on / upon sbs life 企图刺杀He made an attempt on the life of the President.,Explanation,On July 19th, 1909
19、, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV.,at dawn ; at daybreak ; at midnight; at the crack of dawn take off 起飞 Ladies and gentlemen, our plane is to take off soon.,(2)脱掉 take years off sb. 看上去年轻 Her slimming course seems to take years off h
20、er . slimming course 减肥课 put years on sb. 看上去老 Her broken marriage put years on him.,(3)off 离开动身 draw off 撤离 withdraw lift off (火箭 飞船)起飞 发射 升空 set off (set 收拾好 准备好)出发 Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse. 动身去他的偏远的农舍。kick off (在足球比赛中)开球 Liverpool kicked off an hour ago. fly off 飞出 飞跑 突然跑掉 The arr
21、ow flew off and hit the bulls eye. 箭离弦飞去, 射中了那靶心。,Explanation,He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.,(1)fail 失败 坏了 broken , stop workingWords failed me when I met my long lost sister. fail to see 不明白 I fail to see the meaning
22、 of the sentence.,Explanation,when: 这里可以换成before,译成“就”，且这里有“突然、忽然”之意。We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain.I had been working a couple of years there when I had a letter from him.I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.,Explanation,(3) be forced to do 被迫做某事forced landing
23、(航空)紧急降落force a smile 勉强一笑force 军事力量force sbs hand 不得不，被迫 We didnt want to raise our prices, but the fall in the dollar forced our hand.我们不想抬高物价，但是美元下跌，我们不得不出此下策,Explanation,The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.,(1) float 漂浮float on air 兴高采烈float on cloud 兴高采烈drif
24、t : to move slowly on water or in the air .The raft was drifting down the river.drifter 漂泊者 流浪汉,Explanation,(2)pick up 文中解释为营救 rescurepick up 拿起 提起 拾起 捡起If you fail now, who will pick up the pieces? 你现在要是失败了，谁来收拾残局？收拾，收捡（跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起） Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track. 安
25、东尼自己慢慢爬起来，又开始沿着跑道跑下去。,Explanation,We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。If someone is picked up by the police, they are arrested and taken to a police station.逮捕；拘捕,Explanation,I have picked up several words of French during holiday in France.不费力地 获得 学会 Dont pick
26、me up on words. 不要挑我的措词。指出错误,Explanation,Theyve picked up a really nasty infection from something theyve eaten. 他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。得病 染上疾病We can pick up Italian television. 我们能收看到意大利电视台的节目。接收到信号或声音,Explanation,Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called No.11.,with 要翻译成驾驶，而不
27、能说“带着”with复合结构Now he could walk only with someone supporting him.他现在只能靠别人搀扶着才能走了。She ran with beads( 汗珠) of sweat running down her face.她跑得满头大汗。,Explanation,Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during wh
28、ich he covered 26 miles.,(1)overland adj.陆地上的overland flight 陆上飞行overseer 监工 工头 supervisor sju:pvaz,(2)covercover a lot of ground 到了很多地方 涉及了很多内容 The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. Weve covered a lot of ground at this mornings meeting. 在今天上午的会议中我们讨论了很多问题. 覆盖面积China covers 9.6 million
29、square kilometers.China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.,Explanation,Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinette.,give up give away Dont give away the secret. 这项机密不可泄露。 We have six copies of the book to give away. 这本书我们要赠
30、送6本出去。,give out There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口处散发传单。 He wouldnt give out any information. 他不愿透露任何消息。,Explanation,All machines give out eventually. 最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。 He gave out a scream of pain. 他疼得大叫了一声。give off The flowers give off a heady scent at night. 这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。
31、 heady 酒等易使人醉的 scent 香味give in 屈服，投降,Explanation,It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.,看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。意思是好像，似乎。as if 引导的表语从句。此句中运用了虚拟语气。夸张，比喻与事实不符，相反，超越。,Explanation,He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep a wink(眨眼睛）（合眼）Those flowers looked as if they
32、were asleep in the hot sun.He talks as if he were a hero.但是当as if / though 引导的从句表示一种实现可能性较大，或说话人认为接近事实时，可采用陈述语气。Eg. It looks as if the little twins are going to have another fight with each other.,原句可改写为：It seemed / appeared to be an exciting raceIt promised to be an exciting race句型：It appears to be
33、 / it appears that 看起来似乎、好像Eg. It appears to be only a matter of time before they were caught.It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.It appears that Tom might change his mind.,romise v. 有的可能，有发生的迹象（习惯表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用threaten)Eg. It promises to be a fine day.(=The clear sky promises
34、 fine weather.)The dark clouds threaten a storm.It threatens to snow immediately.It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.,There is a sign of sth. that 有迹象表明Eg. There is no sign the recession has bottomed out yet. 没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点。There is some evidence of s
35、th. that 有证据、迹象表明Eg. There is some evidence of life on other planets.There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.,Explanation,Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.,get out 出门Get out and enjoy yourself, make new friends. 出
36、去走走，好好玩玩，交些新朋友。逃离，被迫离开They probably wanted to get out of the country. 他们或许想逃离这个国家。I told him to leave and get out. 我叫他滚开。,I wanted to get out of the group, but they wouldnt let me. 我想退出这个团体，但是他们不同意。Getting out of the contract would be no problem. 撤销这个合同不会有任何问题。退出组织，撤销承诺If word got out now, a scandal
37、 could be disastrous. 如果消息现在传出去，可能会是灾难性的丑闻。消息泄露为人所知,Explanation,get off下车 免受惩罚 He is likely to get off with a small fine. 他可能会逃脱严惩，仅仅罚一点钱了事。 出发离开 At eight I said Im getting off now. 8点钟的时候，我说“我现在要出发了。” The aircraft hadnt enough power to get off the ground. 那架飞机的动力不够，无法起飞。,Explanation,离.远点，别碰 I told
38、you. Get off the farm. 我告诉过你，离农场远点。 Get off me! I screamed. “别碰我！”我尖叫道。 入睡 He couldnt get off to sleep. 他不能入睡。,get overIt took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death. 得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。How would they get over that problem, he wondered? 他们会怎么解决那个问题？他寻思着。战胜困难，问题We have got to get
39、 the message over to the young that smoking isnt cool. 我们要让年轻人认识到抽烟并不是什么很酷的事情。讲清楚，使明白,Explanation,After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.,test flight 试飞take an IQ test 接受智力测试(IQ intelligence quotient) (EQ: Emotional Quotient)a nuclear test 核试验test drive 试车t
40、est pilot 试飞员test match 国际锦标赛,Explanation,His great flight lasted 37 minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.,greet 欢迎 迎接local policeman 当地警察local time 当地时间local custom 当地习俗local government 当地政府local news 当地新闻local color 当地特色,Explanation,greet 欢迎 迎接 打招
41、呼The child is shy and doesnt like to greet people. 这孩子腼腆，不爱叫人。She rose to greet her guests. 她起身迎接客人。映入眼帘；最先被感觉到I was greeted by a shocking sight. 一幅令人震惊的画面映入我的眼帘。,Explanation,Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and
42、 he landed on the sea for the second time.,within : no more thanwithin a mile of the town,Key structures 关键句型,介词和关系代词搭配的用法（决定介词位置的四个因素）1在正式的用法和用于书面语中, 当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时, 能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。-ThisisthepersonaboutwhomIwastellingyou.-Isthisthebookforwhichyouaskedme?,2在非正式的用法和口语当中, 介词一般要放在从句的末尾。3有些动词介词
43、, 合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位。这个时候介词必须紧跟动词,不可移位- takeafter, look after,accountfor,4在很多情况下, 介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语, 在从句中起着状语作用, 与从句的谓语动词毫无关系, 不是谓语动词的一部分。这时介词始终位于关系代词之前。Hedescribeditwasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhills. + Inthemidstoftwosmallhills, flowedagreatriver.Hedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationslocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver.,Mrs.RamsayreceivedananonymousletterinwhichthewriterstatedthatRastuswasinsafehands.,Homework,P92-93课后多项选择题第二十课一课一练复习学过的单词和短语 复习17-20课学过的单词和短语准备听写背诵全文,
