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1、初中英语语法复习之代 词Pronouns,初中英语语法复习之,代词的分类 人称代词 Personal Pronouns 物主代词 Possessive Pronouns 反身代词 Self Pronouns 不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns,代词的分类,人称代词 Personal Pronouns 数 单 数 复 数人称 一 二 三 一 二 三主格 I you he she it we you they宾格 me you him her it us your them
2、,人称代词,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 We all like Bob very much. 我们都很喜欢鲍勃。 He gave the cherries to you and me.这些樱桃是他送给你和我的。,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 Whos knocking at the door?谁在敲门？ Its me. 是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” You, she and I all enjoy English. 你我她都喜欢英语。,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格,4.she可以用来
3、代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope that shell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to America. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去美国。,4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等,5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today? Its rainy. 今天的天气怎么样？ 下雨。 Its about 20 minu
4、tes walk from my home to the station. 从我家到火车站的路程大约20分钟。,5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等,6.it用作形式主语，为了使整个句子显 得平稳，将不定式或动名词等构成的主语后移： Its hard to find him.很难找到他。 Its good for us taking a walk after supper. 对我们来说晚饭后散步是有好处的。7.it用作形式宾语：I found it important to learn English.,6.it用作形式主语，为了使整个句子显 得平稳，将,物主代词 Poss
5、essive Pronouns 形容词性 名词性 my mine your yours his his her hers its its our ours your yours their theirs,物主代词 Possessive Pronouns,1.形容词性物主代词: 在句子中只能作定语 My sister is a teacher. 我姐姐是位教师。Our headmaster is very friendly. 我们的校长很友好。,2.名词性物主代词： 在句中可作表语、主语和宾语 Whose book is this? -这本书是谁的？ Its mine. -是我的。Our roo
6、m is small and theirs is big. 我们的房间小，他们的房间大。My pen is broken, can I use yours. 我的笔坏了，我能用你的了。,2.名词性物主代词：,3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。 These apples arent ours. Ours are big. (our apples = ours) This is not our car. Ours is over there. (our car = ours),3.形容词性物主
7、代词和名词性物主代词的关系：,4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 A brother of his is a worker. 他的一个兄弟是个工人。 Jane is a good friend of mine 简是我的一个好朋友,4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属,反身代词 Self Pronouns单数： myself yourself himself herself itself复数： ourselves yourselves themselves,反身代词 Self Pronouns,1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和 同位语 Jane always thinks more o
8、f others than of herself.简总是想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 That little boy was himself. 那个小男孩就是他自己。 He himself was a policeman. 他本人就是一名警察。 I myself will go there.我亲自去那儿。,1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和,2.反身代词常用搭配： enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：on
9、eself 有单复数之分 I enjoy myself. Children, help yourselves to some fish.,2.反身代词常用搭配：,不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词,不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns,容易混淆的不定代词： 1.
10、some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some trees in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any problems?,容易混淆的不定代词：,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中 How about having some coffee? 要不要喝点咖啡？ May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some candies? 我可以吃糖果吗？ Could you please give me some mo
11、ney? 你能给我些钱吗？,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中,2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 There are many apples in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 Mike doesnt know much English.,2. many/much,3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 I dont want this book. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的
12、、其他的 Do you have any other questions?,3.another/other,4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 They have two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Jim likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,4. the other/others/the others,others泛指其他
13、的人或物 He often helps others. Some are singing, others are dancing.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物There are 45 students in our class. Twenty-five of them are girls, the others are boys.,others泛指其他的人或物,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没 有几个”，“没有多少”
14、a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”,5.few/a few/little/a little,There are few people knowing about him here. 这里几乎没人了解他。 There are a few boys in the classroom. 教室里有几个男孩。She knows little English.她不懂英语。 There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有点牛奶。,There are few people knowing,few 和 little 与 quite 或
15、only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a There are quite a few books in the library. 图书馆里有很多书。,few 和 little 与 quite 或 only,6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 Every child likes playing football.each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice cap.,6
16、.every/each,7.all / none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from China. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of them is/are afraid of dogs.,7.all / none,8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时视为复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 His parents are both teachers. =B
17、oth of his parents are teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,8.both/either/neither,9.something / anything / nothing somebody / anybody / nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything else in the box? Nobody can answer
18、 your question.,9.something / anything / noth,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数形式 There are trees on either side of the road. = There are trees on both sides of the road.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第,不定代词短语及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them sing well.他们俩都唱得很好。 Either of you goes to
19、the movies. 你们俩随便谁去看电影都可以。 Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,不定代词短语及应用,bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at 、 home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家做饭。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。,b
20、othand（谓语动词用复数形式）,指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数) 1. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物 that, those指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my cap, thats yours. These cars are made in China, those are made in America.,指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,避免 重复These apples a
21、re bigger than those in the box. 3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用thatHe was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,避免,疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 who whom whose what which 通常做主语、宾语、定语、表语。 What makes you sad? (做主语) Who(Whom) were you talking with? (做宾语,句中 with 不能提到句首),疑问代词 Interrogat
22、ive Pronouns,Which book do I need? （做定语） Whats your father? （做表语）注意：在口语中，who和whom通用， 但在介词后只能用whom With whom did he play chess? With who did he play chess?(错),Which book do I need? （做定,Exercises,Exercises,一、单项选择：( )1. The food _ smells terrible. A. he B. itself C. himself D. herself( )2. The dog is w
23、agging _ tail. A. it B. its C. its D. itself( )3. Is this your basketball, boys? No, it is not _ A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours,B,B,D,一、单项选择：BBD,( )4._ want to play with you. A .Every student B .All the students C .All of students D. Each student ( )5. _ of my parents will like you. A. Both B. Neit
24、her C. All D. Either( ) 6. They all have tried, but _ have succeeded. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little,B,A,B,( )4._ want to play wit,( )7. Have you found _ on the Internet? A. a few informations B. a few information C. a little information D. a little informations( ) 8. He has 5 kids, one is a
25、teacher, _ is a doctor and _ are workers. A. another, the others B. the other, others C. others, the others D. another, the other,C,A,( )7. Have you found _,( ) 9. - _ is the boy under the tree? - Tims brother. A. When B. Who C. Where D. What( )10. We have physics classes _day, Monday, Wednesday and
26、 Friday. A. every two B. each other C. every other D. all other,B,C,( ) 9. - _ is the boy,二.改错题：1. Dont worry. There is little time left.2. My house is quite different from him.3. She has two sons. One is a driver, another is a doctor.,Dont worry. There is a little time left.,My house is quite diffe
27、rent from his.,She has two sons. One is a driver, the other is a doctor.,二.改错题： Dont worry. There i,4. I have important something to tell you.5 .Please give him it. 6. Every of us wants to have a look at your game.,I have something important to tell you.,Please give it to him,Each of us wants to hav
28、e a look at your game.,4. I have important something,7. The boy sits in front of Bob and I.8. I like to ask questions but I dont like to answer it.9. Jane doesnt know what book to choose.,The boy sits in front of Bob and me.,I like to ask questions but I dont like to answer them.,Jane doesnt know which book to choose.,7. The boy sits in front of Bo,The end ! Made by Deng Hua June 28th, 2018,The end !,
