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1、 专业硕士学位论文THESIS OF PROFESSIONAL MASTER DEGREE论文题目: SUV的市场营销策略研究 (英文): The Marketing Strategy of SUV 作 者: 高宏杉 指导教师: 张志强 2004年11月18日 论文题目:(中文) SUV的市场营销策略研究 (外文) The Marketing Strategy of SUV 所在院、系、所 :商学院专 业 名 称:工商管理硕士指 导 教 师姓 名、职 称 :张志强 副教授论 文 主 题 词 :SUV 市场营销 策略学 习 期 限 : 2003年 3 月至 2005年 1 月论文提交时间: 20
2、04年11月18日独 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,以不包含为获得中国人民大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献已在论文中作了明确地说明并表示了谢意。 签名:高宏杉 日期:2004年11月18日 关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解中国人民大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论
3、文。签名: 高宏杉 导师签名:张志强 日期:2004年11月18日中国人民大学硕士学位论文摘要(中外文合订)论文题目: (中文) SUV的市场营销策略研究 (英文) The Marketing Strategy of SUV作 者: 高宏杉 指导教师: 张志强 摘 要论文的研究对象是汽车市场的一个细分领域SUV,在对SUV市场进一步分析的基础上,对产品进行了市场定位,确立了目标客户群,从产品、价格、渠道、促销等方面对SUV的市场营销策略进行了研究。首先,论文对SUV的起源、国外SUV的市场状况进行了介绍和分析。SUV是一种运动型多功能汽车,它的产品特点在于能够实现车辆在复杂道路行驶的越野性与城
4、市道路行驶的舒适性的完美结合。这种产品很好地满足了消费者对车辆的多功能性的需求,既能够用它作为代步工具,又可以驾驶它进行旅游;既不牺牲轿车的舒适性,又可以享受越野驾驶带来的刺激感。近年来,SUV车辆在世界市场上形成了持续繁荣的景象。1992年全世界销售多用途运动型车200万辆左右,1998年达到420万辆,2000年超过500万辆,预计2004年将达到630万辆,年平均增长率17.9%,远高于世界汽车整体增长水平。第二部分,论文在研究了乘用车市场细分的基础上,对SUV进行了市场定位,确立了目标客户群。论文以年龄、性别、对汽车价格的承受能力等三个主要指标作为市场细分变量,对乘用车市场进行市场细分
5、。通过分析,将乘用车消费者分为以下四个大类型,即性能主导型、商务应用型、舒适体验型、安全取向型。SUV 的产品定位主要体现在它的多功能性,从产品的理念上,SUV可以实现性能、安全、舒适于一身,SUV的特点就是多功能,满足消费者从多个角度对乘用车产品的要求。SUV在体现多功能的同时,具有强烈的运动感,更体现一种开拓进取、富有冒险精神的产品文化内涵。论文在对SUV进行市场定位之后,确立了目标消费群体为以下两类:一类是第二辆车购买者。这一消费群体多为成功人士,年龄大多在30-39岁。他们对第二辆车的要求的重要方面就是要体现与第一辆车功能上的不同,同时消费者对生活品质有更高的要求,追求时尚,自驾车出游
6、是一种放松神经的良好方式。事业上取得阶段性的成功并不能使他们满足,还需要进一步的开拓进取,SUV的产品文化内涵与之相吻合。另一类是第一辆车购买者。在这一阶段的消费者年龄段以18-29岁为主,在满足代步的基础上,对汽车产品有着更多的追求,SUV良好的通过性,独特驾驶操控性能够很好满足他们对车辆的要求。文章突破了“SUV仅是消费者的第二辆车”的观念,认为国内SUV产品的市场营销重点是第二类消费者,即如何同轿车产品争取年轻的消费者,使他们的第一辆车成为SUV。第三部分,论文从产品、价格、渠道以及促销四个方面对SUV的市场营销策略进行了研究。在产品策略方面,论文对目前国内SUV市场的产品结构进行了充分
7、的分析,认为现存的产品结构并不能满足消费者对产品的需求。论文从产品组合和产品周期理论的应用两个方面对产品策略进行了分析。国内SUV生产厂家的产品线普遍较为单一,能够达到两条产品线以上的厂家仅有北京吉普车有限公司、长丰猎豹有限公司以及郑州日产有限公司。绝大多数生产厂家,尤其是由皮卡生产厂家过渡的生产商,产品结构单一。扩大产品组合,加深产品组合深度,是SUV市场上的领先企业进一步满足消费者需求,提高市场份额的营销策略,同时也是SUV市场加速整合的推动力。价格策略方面,论文在分析汽车价格影响因素的基础上,认为在整个汽车市场由卖方市场向买方转变的市场环境下,应该制定以竞争为导向的定价方法,提出了产品组
8、合定价、心理定价、折扣定价、以及提价与降价策略。在渠道建设方面,论文认为SUV应根据自身特点建立营销渠道,不应该追随4S店的建设潮流。SUV的渠道建设应遵循最低客户成本、数量适中、渠道距离最短以及销售与维修并重等原则。考虑到SUV的市场容量较小,而客户对服务的要求较高的特点,销售渠道的建设更适合采取一种“一托多”的方式进行。即根据地区保有量,建立以维修商为地理中心的专卖店,专卖店仅负责整车销售和信息提供,实现“2S”的服务功能,由维修商为客户进行维修和配件服务。这种售、修分离的方式,能够在最大程度上降低转嫁到客户身上的销售成本,同时提高经销商的服务水平。在促销策略方面,论文认为SUV的促销应该
9、注重广告促销与公共关系促销。论文从SUV用户媒体接触习惯研究入手,提出了产品的广告策略,认为SUV广告宣传的主题应该围绕汽车产品的驾驶性能、安全性、动力性、和富有开拓进取精神等内容展开。公共关系促销是一种间接促销手段,这种有效的信息传播并不是直接介绍和推销产品,而是通过积极参与各种社会活动,宣传企业,联络企业与公众的感情,扩大企业和产品的知名度,从而加深社会各界对企业和产品的了解和信任,达到促进销售的目的。最后,论文对国内的SUV市场进行了展望。国内的SUV市场经历了两年的高速增长后,整体市场份额还很小,仅占国内汽车销售总额的不足5%,相对欧洲市场的15%和美国市场的25%,国内的SUV市场还
10、有非常大的发展空间。然而,SUV的生产厂家较多,实力参差不齐,产品缺乏相对统一的技术标准,能够让消费者满意的产品缺乏。市场期待更好的SUV产品的出现,通过产品的不断更新,不断整合国内的SUV市场,形成一个健康的发展局面。AbstractThe research object of this paper is SUV, a subdivision field in the automobile market. Based on the further analysis of SUV market, the paper makes the market orientation of this pr
11、oduct, determines the object customer group, and researches the marketing strategy for SUV from the aspects of product, price, channel, and sales promotion.Firstly, the paper introduces the origin of SUV and analyzes its market state overseas.SUV is a kind of sports utility vehicle characterized by
12、perfect combination of the cross-country performance while running on the complex road with the comfort while running on the city road. The product meets the customers requirement for the multi-function of the vehicle, it can be used not only as the ride tool instead walk, but also as the travel too
13、l; and can provide enjoyment of not only comfort like a car but excitement from the cross-country driving.SUV has been the continuously flourishing on the world market in the recent years. About 2,000,000 sports utility vehicles were sold in the whole world in 1992, 4,200,000 ones in 1998, over 5,00
14、0,000 ones in 2000, and 6,300,000 ones are estimated in 2004, with an average annual growth rate of 17.9%, which is far more than the whole growth level of the world automobile.In the second part, the paper makes the market orientation of SUV and determines the object customer group on the basis of
15、the subdivision of the ride utility vehicle market.The paper subdivides the ride utility vehicle market with three main indexes as the variables of subdivision, including age, sex and bearing capability of price of the vehicle. Through analysis, the customers of the ride utility vehicle are divided
16、into the following four types: performance-leading type, business-applying type, comfort-experiencing type and safety-oriented type.The orientation of the SUV product mainly lies on its multi-function, because it can combine the performance and safety with comfort from its concept, and it can satisf
17、y the customers with the ride utility vehicle in many respects. At the same time, SUV gives a strong sportive feeling and shows a cultural connotation of pioneering and risking spirit.Following market orientation, the paper determines the following two kinds as the object customer group of SUV: the
18、buyer for the second vehicle, the buyer for the first vehicle. Most of the formers are successors on career of 3039 years old. They require emphatically that their second vehicle must have different function with that of the first one. They have higher requirement for the life quality and seek after
19、 the fashion, and they think the travel by driving their own vehicle as a good way of relaxation. They dont satisfy with the staged success on their career, and they will do further pioneering work and forge ahead, which coincide with the cultural connotation of SUV product. However, the latter main
20、ly ranges at 1829 years old. They have much more requirements for automobile besides ride instead ranges at walk. The good steering ability and unique driving and control performance of SUV can meet their requirements.Breaking through the concept that “SUV is only the customers second vehicle”, this
21、 article presents that the marketing stress of the domestic SUV product should be attached to the second kind of customer, ie how to compete with the car for the young customer to make SUV their first vehicle.In the third part, this paper researches the marketing strategy for SUV from the aspects of
22、 product, price, channel and sales promotion.In product strategy, the paper gives a full analysis of the product structure for current domestic SUV market and regards that the existing product structure can not meet the consumers requirements for it. The paper analyzes the product strategy from two
23、aspects, i.e. product group and product cycle theory application. The domestic SUV manufacturers generally have single product line, among which only Beijing Jeep Co. Ltd., ChangFeng Leopard Co. Ltd., and Zhengzhou Nissan Co. Ltd. have more than two product lines. Most manufacturers, especially the
24、manufacturers previously making pickups have single product structure.Expanding and deepening the product group is the marketing strategy of the leading enterprises in the SUV market to further meet the demand of the consumer and improve the market sharing, and also the driving force of speeding up
25、integration of the SUV market.In price strategy, on the basis of analyzing the factors affecting the price of automobile, the paper holds that the competition-guided pricing method should be worked out under the environment of the whole automobile market changing from seller market to buyer market,
26、and puts forward the strategies on the product group pricing, pricing as per customers mind, discount pricing as well as raising price and reducing price.In channel construction, the paper accounts that the marketing channel of the SUV should be established according to its own features instead of p
27、ursing the construction trend of 4S store. The channel construction of SUV should follow the principles such as lowest customer cost, moderate quantity, shortest channel distance as well as equal attention to sale and repair. Considering its small market capacity, but service requirements from custo
28、mer, it is more suitable to adopt a “one support more ” mode for the construction of the sale channel. That is, to establish speciality stores with the service businessman as geographic center according to the area holding quantity. The speciality store is only responsible for the whole vehicle sale
29、s and survey, which realizes the service function of “2S”. The repair and spare part service are provided by the service businessman for the customer. This sales-repair separating mode can reduce the sales cost transferred to the customer to the maximum extent while improving the distributors servic
30、e level.In sales promotion strategy, the paper presents that the sales promotion of SUV should lay more emphasis on promotion via advertisement and public relations. Starting with the research of the SUV customer media contact habit, the paper puts forward the advertisement strategy of the product a
31、nd thinks that the subject of the SUV advertisement propaganda should be around its driving performance, safety, motive power as well as the spirit of pioneering and forging ahead, etc.The sales promotion via the public relations is an indirect promotion means. This effective information spreading i
32、s not to directly introduce and promote the products, but make propaganda for the enterprise, maintain contact between the enterprise and the public and expand the popularity of the enterprise and products through taking an active part in various social activities so as to deepen the understanding a
33、nd trust of circles of the society for the enterprise and products, therefore achieving the purpose of sales promotion. At last, the paper gives a prospect of the domestic SUV market.After a two-year high-speed growth, the domestic SUV market still occupies a small market share in the whole, just no
34、t more than 5% of the total domestic automobile sales. Compared to 15% in the European market and 25% in the American market, the domestic SUV market still has a large development space. However, there are many SUV manufacturers with uneven strengths, their products have no relatively unified techni
35、cal standard, and the products which can satisfy the customer are in short. So it is expected that better SUV products will appear in the market and domestic SUV market will be continuously integrated through continuous renewal of the products so as to form a health development situation. 目 录第1章 SUV
36、的起源与国外市场状况.1 1.1 SUV的起源11.2 国外SUV的市场状况.1第2章 国内SUV市场现状. 32.1 市场总量分析.3 2.2 多品牌并存的竞争市场.42.3 乘用车市场细分研究.5 第3章 SUV的产品策略.10 3.1 国内SUV产品状况.10 3.2 产品组合策略.11 3.3 产品的周期理论及其应用.12 第4章 SUV的价格策略. 15 4.1 影响汽车价格的主要因素. 15 4.2 以竞争为导向的定价方法.16 4.3 SUV的定价策略.17 第5章 SUV的渠道策略.20 5.1 主要品牌网点分布情况.20 5.2 SUV渠道建设应遵循的主要原则.22 第6章
37、SUV的促销策略.24 6.1 广告促销24 6.2 公共关系促销27 第7章 国内SUV市场展望.30 7.1 SUV产品日渐成熟.30 7.2 市场发展空间充裕30 致 谢31 参考文献32 第1章 SUV的起源与国外市场状况进入21世纪以来,我国的汽车市场有了长足的发展,私人汽车已经开始进入家庭,汽车已经成为消费者关注的焦点。在众多关于汽车的新闻中有一个英文缩写很引人关注,它就是“SUV”。1.1 SUV的起源1.1.1 SUV的含义SUV是英文Sports Utility Vehicle的缩写,中文意思是运动型多用途汽车。这里主要是指那些设计前卫、造型新颖的四轮驱动越野车。随着人们生活
38、水平的提高,这种汽车不局限于越野,而且还广泛用于城市休闲生活等多种用途。实际上,现代的越野车已经SUV化,SUV已经将越野车包含在内,如雪佛兰“开拓者”、德国奔驰级越野车及价廉物美的韩国圣达菲,颇具越野车粗犷豪放的野性;同时,它们也是SUV的典型代表。1.1.2 SUV的起源SUV起源于上世纪年代的美国。最吸引人之处,除了要具备中高档轿车的舒适性外,还要有更高的越野性和安全性,并有运动感,便于日常生活、外出旅行和野外休闲。这是因为SUV的前悬挂是轿车车型的独立螺旋弹簧悬架,后悬挂则是越野车车型的非独立钢板弹簧悬架,车内的空间较大,载人载货同样游刃有余。1.2 国外SUV的市场状况近年来,SUV
39、车辆在世界市场上形成了持续繁荣的景象。1992年全世界销售多用途运动型车200万辆左右,1998年达到420万辆,2000年超过500万辆,预计2004年将达到630万辆,年平均增长率17.9%,远高于世界汽车整体增长水平。1.2.1 美国SUV市场状况 虽然SUV在世界各地的需求量都呈现出一种强增长趋势,但在美国销售的多用途运动车占绝大多数,1998年美国的注册SUV占世界需求的60%。在美国,SUV已经逐渐改变其“边缘车”的形象,它已经作为一种大众车型被人们广泛接受,大部分SUV已经取代了一般轿车的地位,用户来自于不同的层次。1.2.2 其他国家市场状况 欧洲的SUV市场份额是美国的15%
40、,但从发展趋势上,欧洲市场将有进一步的增长,2003年,SUV在欧洲的销售已经超过60万辆。 在日本、澳大利亚和中东市场上,SUV也越来越普及,但在整个轻型车市场的占有率仍不足5%,所以仍然属于“边缘”类型。1.2.3 SUV畅销的原因 在北美、西欧和日本等发达国家,用户购买SUV,在很大程度上还是考虑这种车的款式、喜好、印象及舒适性,他们很少将这种车行驶在山川乡间小路上。他们并不真正地需要这种车的越野能力。在发达国家出售的多用途运动车,从很大程度上代替了轿车。从用户的需求上来看,有些人是想使自己的汽车与众不同,有些人是感觉驾驶这种车更安全,有些人更喜欢这种车的综合驾驶性能。SUV恰好迎合这部
41、分消费者的心理而畅销,它更注重于体现运动而不是以使用目的进行产品定位。 从SUV的销售情况看,铃木公司Vitara车销售最好、丰田的RAV-4和本田的CRV在日本、北美和西欧市场也取得了巨大成功,许多用户将这种紧凑型SUV当作家庭的第二辆轿车使用,这也是此类车型销售量持续增长的重要因素之一。第2章 国内SUV市场现状由于国内的SUV市场的持续增长,不断有新的厂家进入,SUV产品缺乏相对统一质量标准,品牌众多,产品差异较大。2.1 市场总量分析我国的汽车市场在经历了90年代中后期的震荡之后,自99年开始了跳跃性的快速增长,市场容量由1999年的180万辆增加到2003年的400万辆。国内SUV的
42、兴起正是在整个汽车市场繁荣的大背景下发生和进行的,销售量由1999年的52052辆增加到2003年的178259辆,市场份额由2.89%增加到4.46%,SUV的增长速度是汽车市场总体增长的2倍。图2-1:1994-2003年汽车市场总体需求增长率 (资料来源:慧聪国际资讯)图2-2 近年国内SUV需求总量变化36%69%13.6%30.9%(资料来源:中国汽车工业协会)2.2 多品牌并存的竞争市场国内的SUV市场品牌较多,共有40多个厂家投入SUV生产,而总产量不足14万辆。多品牌的市场局面形成的主要原因如下:1.皮卡(微型货车)城市限行导致企业另谋出路。由于皮卡城市限行政策,促使以前生产皮卡的企业寻找到新的替代产品SUV,因此,皮卡厂商越来越少,而SUV厂商越来越多。现在经济型SUV的消费者大部分是由以前的皮卡用户转移过来。对皮卡厂家而言,SUV市场成熟比较快,开拓成本低。这些皮卡企业