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1、关系词：关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）和 关系副词(when,where,why),三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,一、限 制 性 定 语 从 句,大多数定语从句会对所修饰的先行词加以限制，经常译为“.的人/东西”，如果去掉，则意思含混不清或不完整。此类定语从句被称为限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。关系代词作宾语时可省略。,The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown c
2、olour like honey.,非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不什么密切，只是对先行词作些补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思任然清楚。主句与从句间常人逗号分开，一般不用that引导。关系词不可省略。,Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult.,二、非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句,1.一般不用that引导 2.非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：,Bejing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.Yesterday I met
3、 Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.,3.非限制性定语从句还可以拿句子或句子的一部分作先行词，常由which引入，用逗号分开。如：,He has smoothly entered a key middle school,which makes his parents very happy.He said he had no bike,which was not true.,4.非限制定语从句有时形式上是从句，实质上其功用相当于一个分句。这种从句常被唤作连续性从句(continuative clause),如：,Then he met Mary,who inv
4、ited him to a party.,3）关系词使用不同 that、why 只能引导限制性定语从句。且引导限制性定语从句的关系词有时可省略。其它关系词可引导非限制性定语从句，且关系词不可省略。,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：,1)结构不同 限制性定语从句紧接在先行词后，主、从句间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开；as 引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。,2）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词，代词，短语，甚至是整个主句。,关系代词as 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作
5、主语、宾语、表语。,As can be seen from the survey,smoking can cause lung cancer.,三、as 的用法,先行词常有so,as,such,the same等修饰。关系词as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。,We should make friends with such people as are willing to help and generous.,1、引导限制性定语从句,He is so honest a boy as everyone likes.,He is not the same man as he was.,so/su
6、ch.as.与 so/such.that.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词被sosuch修饰时，关系词用as,在从句中充当成分。但so/such.that引导结果状语从句，连接词在句中不充当成分，没意义。,特别注意：,He is such a good teacher as we all like.,He is such a good teacher that we all like him.,定语从句,结果状语从句,the same.as.与 the same.that.在限制性定语从句中，当表示事物的先行词被the same修饰时，关系词可用as,也可用that。两者有区别:表示同类不同物时多
7、用as（长得像），表示 同一事物时多用that(同一个)。,特别注意：,This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.,This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.,是我昨天用过的那一个-同一个,跟我昨天用过的那台一样-长得像,表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时as可以翻译为“正如；就像”等。由as引导的从句可在句首，句中或句尾。,2、引导非限制性定语从句,Einstein,as we know(=as is well-known),is a famous scientist.,as
8、 we all know=as is known to all 正如我们所知 as is often the case 通常as the saying goes 常言到；正如俗话所说as is reported 据报道as is expected 不出所料as has been mentioned above 如上所述as has been said before 如前所述as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的as anybody can see 正如大家所见到的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as can be seen/judged from
9、.从.中可以看出、判断出,He made a long speech,which was unexpected.,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,1)含义的区别 as 有“正如，就像”之意，表示依据、看法、态度等；which多译为“这；这一点”，表示事实、转折、起因、让步等。,He made a long speech,as we all expected.,正如我们预期的那样,这出乎我们的意料,This incident happened in september2008,Which many countries around the world paid close atte
10、ntion to.,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,2)位置的区别 as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，句首，句中，句末都可以；which引导的定语从句一定不能放句首。,As is known to everyone,light travels faster than sound.,句首,一定不能句首。,We should make a plan in advance,as is mentioned above.,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,3)先行词的区别 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，
11、也可以是主句一某一部分。,The movie,which we saw last night deeply touched me.,先行词 The movie,先行词是前面的整句,单项选择 1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose
12、 C.whichD.as4.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.which C.who D.who,B,A,which/that,whom/that/who,which/that,C,A,who/that,6.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to
13、 the police.A.whichB.in which C.that D.all8._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one whoD.The students who,B,C,C,9.Please show me the book _you bought yesterday.A.which B.whomC.whoseD.this10.This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.whichD./
14、,A,D,which/that,that/,11.This is the only article of these that _ written by him.A.was B.were C.isD.are12.The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he13.The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next doorB.which lives next door C.whom lives next doorD.that lives next door14.Those _ made
15、 no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who15.Dont go in,this is the shop _ we have just been _.A./,toB.that,/C.where,to D.which,there,A,D,B,A,D,16.He is the most careful boy _ I know.A.what B.whichC.asD./17.This is the school _ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that
16、B.whenC.whereD.there18.Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A.whereB.in that C.that D.which19.The factory _ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.on that,B,B,C,A,D,21.The first time
17、_ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.A.when B.where C.which D.that 22.October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which23.October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which24.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A.
18、which B.where C.in which D.what25.Is this museum _ they visited last month?A.thatB.whichC.where D.the one,D,A,B,B,D,26.I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.thatD.where27.Did you tell your mother all _ you had seen on the way home?A.what B.wh
19、y C.that D.which 28.Its one of the most important meetings _ this years.A.that has been held B.which has been held C.that have been held D.which have held 29.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well?A.in front of it B.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in the front of which 30.Il
20、l never forget the day _ I joined the League.A.on which B.which C.in which D.at which,C,A,C,C,D,31.She showed her new watch to my wife,_ was kept in a box.A.who B.which C.that D.it 32.She had three sons,all _ became doctors.A.who B.whom C.of them D.of whom 33.This is the new type of plane _ parts ar
21、e made of plastics.A.that B.what C.which D.whose 34._ is known to all,China is a developing country,belonging to the third world.A.It B.That C.As D.Which 35.Is this the leaning tower _ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?A.that B.where C.which D.when,D,D,B,C,B,将下列两句话合并成一句.1.I cant find the book.I b
22、ought a book yesterday.2.The girl is my sister.The girl is standing on the stage.3.The West Lake lies in Hangzhou.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.4.I dont know that boy.The boy is in blue shirt.5.My brother likes the singers.The singers write their own music.6.The cat is mine.
23、The cat is playing with a ball.,1.I cant find the book that/which/I bought yesterday.2.The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.3.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.4.I dont know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.5.My brother likes the singers
24、 who/that write their own music.6.The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.,The man lives next door is a writer.The woman I visited last week is a famous writer.Beijing is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.A dictionary is a book you can use to learn more words.The l
25、ittle boy eyes are blue is holding a dog.He is such a man never tells a lie.,who/that,who/whom/that,which/that,which/that,whose,who,7.He is the model worker we should learn from.8.A dictionary is a book often helps us to know the meanings of the words.9.This is the film I like best.10.The boy father
26、 is a professor is one of my best friends.11.The house roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.,whose,whose,whom/who,which,which,Some of the roads were flooded,made our journey more difficult.He has smoothly entered a key middle school,makes his parents very happy.Mr King,legs were bad
27、ly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.He said he had no bike,was not true.We shall make a decision about Ms King,story I have just told you.,which,which,whose,which,whose,6.He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.7.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.8.
28、Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.9.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time,which,which,who,whom,试比较,Group One 1.The travelers who/that knew about the floods took another road.,(知道涨大水的旅客走另一条路),(旅客都知道涨大水了，他们走另一条路),Group Two1.The wine which/that was in
29、the cellar(地窖)was all ruined.,2.The travelers,who knew about the floods,took another road.,(藏在地窖里的酒坏了),(酒藏在地窖里，全都坏了),2.The wine,which was in the cellar,was all ruined.,（昨天来过这里的那个男人又来了.）,（这个男人昨天来过这里，他又来了.）,2.The man,who came here yesterday,has come again.,（我的姐姐20岁了，她在银行工作。),Group three 1.The man who
30、came here yesterday has come again.,Group four1.My sister who is twenty works in a bank.,(我20岁大的姐姐在银行工作。),2.My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.,Group fiveThe man who greeted me is my teacher.,向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师.,John,who greeted me,is my teacher.,John 是我的老师，他向我打过招呼.,1.I want to buy the house which
31、has a garden.2.I want to buy the house,which has a garden.3.The earth is round,which is known to all.4.Shes very like Miss Catler,whom I used to meet at Dumdum.5.Yesterday,I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.,1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.thatB.who C.whom D.this2.The man _ li
32、ves next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.whoD./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.thatB.whose C.whichD.as,A,C,A,定语从句练习,4.Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the oneB.Whose C.which D./5.The language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.whichB.that或which
33、 C./D.it,C,B,定语从句练习,6.The girl handed the key _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.whomB.in which C.thatD.all7.Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.this,C,A,定语从句练习,8.This is the book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.whoB.whom C.it D./9.This is
34、the article _was written by him.A.whoB.that C.thisD.whose10.The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A.whomB.who C./D.he,D,B,B,定语从句练习,11.The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door12.Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A.whichB.whom C.thatD.who13.The farm _ we visited last week is a lovely place for a holiday.A.when B.where C.that D.at that,D,D,C,定语从句练习,Goodbye!,
