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1、护理临床实习案例分析,护理临床实习案例分析,Introduction,2,Patient A,30 years old,G1P0,pregnancy uterine 39weeks and 2 days,cephalic in labor,admitted at FEU-NRMF HOSPITAL on February 8,2018.CHIEF COMPLAINT:Hypogastric Pain,护理临床实习案例分析,Introduction2 Patient A,History,3,HISTORY OF PRESENT PREGNANCY:LMP:May 9,2017 AOG by LM
2、P:39 weeks 2 days EDC by LMP:February 12,2018PMP:April 8,2017 AOG by EUTZ:39 weeks 3 days EDC by EUTZ:February 12,2018First Trimester*On the 1 month of missed period(June 2017):cessation of menses,nausea and vomiting.Self-pregnancy test was done,which revealed a positive result.*She consulted a priv
3、ate obstetrician where diagnostic tests such as complete blood count,urinalysis,VDRL/RPR and hepatitis B antigen screening were done.All revealed normal results except for urinalysis which revealed urinary tract infection.She was prescribed Cefuroxime 500mg BID for 1 week,and repeat urinalysis after
4、wards was normal.*Transvaginal ultrasound for pregnancy evaluation revealed a single intrauterine pregnancy compatible to 15 weeks and 2 days age of gestation(August 2017).*She was given multivitamins and Folic acid 1 tablet once a day which she took regularly.*She denies any history of accidents,tr
5、auma,or any exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals.*Patient had an episode of colds and took cefuroxime 500mg twice a day for 5 days.*She also took Loratadine 10mg once daily for her allergic rhinitis.,护理临床实习案例分析,History3HISTORY OF PRESENT PRE,History,4,HISTORY OF PRESENT PREGNANCY:Second Trimest
6、er*Quickening was felt on the 5th month of pregnancy(October 2017).*She had regular intake of Multivitamins 1 tab daily,Ferrous sulfate 1 tablet once a day,and Calcium 1 tablet twice a day.Only urinalysis was done at the health center revealing that she had urinary tract infection.she was prescribed
7、 Cefuroxime 500mg BID for 1 week to which she was compliant.*Transabdominal ultrasound for gender determination was done on the 7th month of pregnancy revealing single intrauterine pregnancy compatible to 28 weeks and 4 days age of gestation(November 2017).*She denies any history of accidents,trauma
8、,illness,or any exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals.,护理临床实习案例分析,History4HISTORY OF PRESENT PRE,History,5,Third Trimester*Subsequent prenatal check-ups were regular as well as intake of multivitamins 1 tablet once a day,Ferrous sulfate 1 tablet once a day,and calcium 1 tablet twice a day.*Capil
9、lary blood glucose monitoring and 75g OGTT was done which revealed increased results.Exact values were unrecalled by the patient.She was prescribed with Novo Rapid insulin,4 units taken 2 hours post meals.She was also advised to do capillary blood glucose monitoring at home.*Subjective complaints ex
10、perienced included headache and dizziness.No hypogastric pain,abnormal vaginal discharge,vaginal spotting,dysuria,and fever.She denies any history of accidents,trauma,illness,or any exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals,The present condition started 5 hours prior(5:00pm)to admission when the pati
11、ent experienced crampy intermittent hypogastric pain radiating to the lower back with a pain scale of 8-9 out of 10.This was associated with scanty bloody vaginal discharge.She sought consult at our institution and was subsequently admitted.,护理临床实习案例分析,History5Third TrimesterThe pre,History,6,PAST M
12、EDICAL HISTORY:The patient had usual childhood diseases such as mumps,measles,and chickenpox.She denies any history of major illnesses,trauma,accidents,or major operations.She was admitted last June due to persistent vomiting and dehydration.Patient has allergic rhinitis and was diagnosed with gesta
13、tional diabetes last January maintained on Novo Rapid insulin 4 units taken 2 hours post meals.,护理临床实习案例分析,History6PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:护,History,7,FAMILY HISTORY:Father:hypertensionMother:kidney stones,died due to cardiac arrestThe patient is 3th among 5 siblings with 4 sisters and 1 brother.Her el
14、dest is 33 years old who is a controlled hypertensive with gestational diabetes mellitus.Her second sibling is 32 years old with kidney stones.The 4th sibling is 29 years old who is a controlled hypertensive.The 5th sibling is 20 years old who is apparently well.,护理临床实习案例分析,History7FAMILY HISTORY:护理
15、临床实习,History,8,PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY:Patient is a high-school graduate and currently works as a machine operatorHabits:Non-smoker,non-alcoholic beverage drinker REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY:GYNECOLOGIC HISTORY,The patient had menarche at 13 years old which lasted 4 days,light flow,consuming 3 pads per
16、 day and not associated with dysmenorrhea.Subsequent menstruations were irregular,with an interval of approximately 1 to 3 months lasting 3 to 4 days,moderate flow,consuming 4-5 pads per day,and associated with dysmenorrhea.,护理临床实习案例分析,History8PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HI,History,9,REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY:OB
17、STETRICAL HISTORYThe patient is a primigravid METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION The method for contraception use is oral contraceptive pills from June 2016 to December 2016.She took the pills everyday before going to bed SEXUAL HISTORY,At 27 years old with 2 sexual partners.Unknown number of sexual partners o
18、f her husband.She is currently in a monogamous heterosexual relationship.,护理临床实习案例分析,History9REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY:,Review of Systems:,10,Constitutional:No fever and chills,malaise,weight loss Hematology:No easy fatigability,no easy bruise ability,no pallor CNS:No headache;no seizure;no loss of consc
19、iousness HEENT:No blurring of vision;no hearing loss;no tinnitus Respiratory:No dyspnea;no cough;no colds;no apnea CVS:No orthopnea;no palpitationGIT:No diarrhea;no constipation GUT:No dysuria,frequency,no urgencyNMS:No malaise;no arthralgia;no myalgia;no numbness,护理临床实习案例分析,Review of Systems:10Cons
20、titut,Physical Examination,11,General Survey:The patient is conscious,coherent,not in cardiopulmonary distress with the following vital signs:BP:110/80mmHg PR:81 bpm RR:19 Temp:36.2 Sat:98%HEENT:Anicteric sclera,pink palpebral conjunctiva,no nasoaural discharge,notonsillopharyngeal congestion Neck:S
21、upple neck,no neck vein engorgement,no lymphadenopathies noted Chest:Symmetrical chest expansion,no retractions,no laggingLungs:Vesicular breath sounds,no crackles,no wheezes Heart:A dynamic precordium,normal rate,regular rhythm,no murmur Breast:Symmetrical contour,no dimpling,no palpable mass,no te
22、nderness,no abnormal nipple discharge,护理临床实习案例分析,Physical Examination11 General,Physical Examination,12,Abdomen:Globularly enlarged with a fundic height of 31cms,fundus occupied by breech,fetal back on the right,fetal small parts on the left,cephalic,unengaged,FHT-140s best heard on the right lower
23、quadrant,estimated fetal weight 2,945 grams.Speculum Exam:Clean looking cervix with scanty pinking to brownish discharge,non-foul smellingInternal Exam:Normal looking external genitalia,nulliparous introitus,vagina admits 2 fingers with ease,4cms 50%effaced,intact bag of waters,cephalic,station-3,Ex
24、tremities:No gross deformities,full and equal pulses no edema,no cyanosis,CRT 2 secsSkin:No active dermatoses,护理临床实习案例分析,Physical Examination12Abdomen:,Laboratory and Diagnostic Exams.,13,URINALYSIS,护理临床实习案例分析,Laboratory and Diagnostic Exam,Medications and IV fluid,14,护理临床实习案例分析,Medications and IV f
25、luid14Medi,Medications and IV fluid,15,护理临床实习案例分析,Medications and IV fluid15IV f,Trade names:Zinacef,Ceftin,Cefuroxime,IV,IM:Adults,elderly,children 12 yrs and older:750 mg1.5 g q8h.Chil-dren:3 mos to older than 12 yrs:75150 mg/kg/day divided q8h.Maximum:6 g/day.Neonates:50 mg/kg/dose q812h.Po:adult
26、s,elderly,children 12 yrs and older:250500 mg twice a day.Chil-dren 3 mos to older than 12 yrs:2030 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses.Maxi-mum:1 g/day.,Usual Dosage,Treatment of susceptible infections due to group B streptococci,pneumococci,staphylococci,H.influenzae,E.coli,Enterobacter,Klebsiella includ
27、ing acute/chronic bronchitis,gonorrhea,impetigo,early Lyme disease,otitis media,pharyn-gitis/tonsillitis,sinusitis,skin/skin struc-ture,UTI,perioperative prophylaxis.,Use,Frequent:Discomfort with IM administra-tion,oral candidiasis(thrush),mild diar-rhea,mild abdominal cramping,vaginal candidiasis.O
28、ccasional:Nausea,serum sicknesslike reaction(fever,joint pain;usually occurs after second course of therapy and resolves after drug is discon-tinued).Rare:Allergic reaction(rash,pruritus,urticaria),thrombophlebitis(pain,redness,swelling at injection site).,SIDE EFFECTS,BASELINE ASSESSMENTObtain CBC,
29、renal function tests.Ques-tion for history of allergies,particularly cephalosporins,penicillins.INTERVENTION/EVALUATIONAssess oral cavity for white patches on mucous membranes,tongue(thrush).Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity,stool consistency.Mild GI effects may be tolerable(increasing severit
30、y may indi-cate onset of antibiotic-associated coli-tis).Monitor I&O,renal function tests for nephrotoxicity.Be alert for superinfec-tion:fever,vomiting,diarrhea,anal/genital pruritus,oral mucosal changes(ulceration,pain,erythema).PATIENT/FAMILY TEACHINGDiscomfort may occur with IM injec-tion.Doses
31、should be evenly spaced.Continue antibiotic therapy for full length of treatment.May cause GI up-set(may take with food,milk).,Nursing Responsibilities,头孢呋辛,16,护理临床实习案例分析,Trade names:Zinacef,CeftinC,Feosol,Ferrous Sulfate,ADULTS,ELDERLY:65 mg 24 times a day.CHILDREN:36 mg/kg/day in 23 divided doses.
32、,Usual Dosage,Prevention,treatment of iron deficiency anemia due to inadequate diet,malabsorption,pregnancy,blood loss.,Use,Occasional:Mild,transient nausea.Rare：Heartburn,anorexia,constipation,diarrhea.,SIDE EFFECTS,BASELINE ASSESSMENTAssess nutritional status,dietary history.To prevent mucous memb
33、rane and teeth staining with liquid preparation,use dropper or straw and allow solution to drop on back of tongue.B。INTERVENTION/EVALUATIONMonitor serum iron,total iron-binding capacity,reticulocyte count,Hgb,ferritin.Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity,stool consistency.Assess for clinical impr
34、ovement,record relief of iron deficiency symptoms(fatigue,irritability,pallor,paresthesia of extremities,headache).C.PATIENT/FAMILY TEACHINGExpect stool color to darken.Oral liquid may stain teeth.If GI discomfort occurs,take after meals or with food.Do not take within 2 hrs of other medication or e
35、ggs,milk,tea,coffee,cereal.,Nursing Responsibilities,硫酸亚铁,17,护理临床实习案例分析,FeosolFerrous SulfateADULTS,E,Zantac,Ranitidine,ORAL、IM or IV、Usual Adult Dose and16 years older：50 mg orally 2 times a day OR 300 mg orally once a day after the evening meal or at bedtimeLess than 1 month AND with Extracorporea
36、l membrane oxygenation(ECMO):-2 mg/kg IV every 12 to 24 hours OR as a continuous infusionUsual Adult Dose and16 years older:50 mg IM or IV every 6 to 8 hoursLess than 1 month AND with Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO):-2 mg/kg IV every 12 to 24 hours OR as a continuous infusion,Usual Dosage,
37、Duodenal ulcers,GERD,Heartburn,Esophagitis,GI bleed,Use,1.More common side effects Headache,constipation,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,stomach discomfort or pain2.Serious side effects inflammation of your liver,changes in your brain function,abnormal heart rate,SIDE EFFECTS,Before taking ranitidine,t
38、ell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it;Before using this medication,tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history,Get medical help right away if you have:heartburn with lightheadedness/sweating/dizziness,chest/jaw/arm/shoulder pain(especially with shortness of breath,unusual s
39、weating),unexplained weight loss.Do not use to treat children younger than 12 unless directed by the doctor.Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug,especially confusion.Ranitidine passes into breast milk.Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.,Nursing Responsibilities,
40、雷尼替丁,18,护理临床实习案例分析,ZantacRanitidine ORAL、IM or IV,护理临床实习案例分析培训课件,Pitocin,Syntocinon,Oxytocin,10 USPU/mL,Usual Dosage,Used for labor induction,augmentation of labor,postpartum abbreviation of third stage of labor,postpartum control of uterine bleeding,termination of pregnancy and for the evaluation o
41、f fetal respiratory capability.Oxytocin cannot be used for elective induction of labor,there must be a clear medical requirement.,Use,Adverse EffectsCV:Hypertention,increase heart rate,systemic venous returns,cardiac outputGI:Nausea and VomitingRepiratory:Anoxia,AsphyxiaOthers:Low APGAR score at 5 m
42、ins.,SIDE EFFECTS,1)Start flow charts to record maternal BP and other vital signs,I evaluate tonus of myometrium during and between contractions and record on flow chart.Report change in rate and rhythm immediately.Stop infusion to prevent fetal anoxia,turn patient on her side,and notify physician i
43、f contractions are prolonged(occurring at less than 2-min intervals)and if monitor records contractions about 50 mm Hg or if contractions last 90 seconds or longer.Stimulation will wane rapidly within 23 min.Oxygen administration may be necessary.3)If local or regional(caudal,spinal)anesthesia is be
44、ing given to the patient receiving oxytocin,be alert to the possibility of hypertensive crisis(sudden intense occipital headache,palpitation,marked hypertension,stiff neck,nausea,vomiting,sweating,fever,photophobia,dilated pupils,bradycardia or tachycardia,constricting chest pain).4)Monitor I&O duri
45、ng labor.If patient is receiving drug by prolonged IV infusion,watch for symptoms of water intoxication(drowsiness,listlessness,headache,confusion,anuria,weight gain).Report changes in alertness and orientation and changes in I&O ratio(i.e.,marked decrease in output with excessive intake).5)Check fu
46、ndus frequently during the first few postpartum hours and several times daily thereafter.6)Incidence of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions is higher when oxytocin is given by IM or IV injection rather than by IV infusion(diluted solution).7)Patient&Family Education.,Nursing Responsibilities,催产素,
47、20,护理临床实习案例分析,Pitocin,SyntocinonOxytocin10,All the medicinesinformation come from NCLEX-RN(NURSING DRUG HANDBOOK,2016),21,护理临床实习案例分析,All the medicines21护理临床实习案例分析,Whats the Nursing problems?,Question,22,护理临床实习案例分析,Whats the Nursing problems?Q,Nursing Care Plan,23,Nursing problem 1Risk for Infection:
48、At increased risk for being invaded by pathogenic organisms.May be related to CS and gestational diabetes.Goals:*The patient will not experience signs of infection by discharge.*The patient achieves timely wound healing without complications,护理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan23Nursing pro,Nursing Care Pla
49、n,24,护理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan24Interventio,Nursing Care Plan,25,护理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan25Interventio,Nursing Care Plan,26,Nursing problem 2Risk for Acute Pain:may be related to increased muscle contractions and psychological reactionsGoals:The patient verbalizes reduced discomfort or pain,护
50、理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan26Nursing pro,Nursing Care Plan,27,护理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan27Interventio,Nursing Care Plan,28,护理临床实习案例分析,Nursing Care Plan28Interventio,Nursing Care Plan,29,Nursing problem 3Anxiety:May be related to perceived/Actual threat of maternal and fetal well-being,situational
