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1、Unit 1 Science and ScientistsReading and Thinking,Unit 1 Science and Scientists,Learning objectives,In this class,you willget information about how John Snow defeated cholera;summarize the stages of scientific research;talk about the significance and contribution of Johns work.,Learning objectivesIn
2、 this cla,Activity 1:Read the title and predict.,JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”Who was John Snow?What is King Cholera?What does“defeat”mean?What did John Snow do about King Cholera?,Activity 1:Read the title and,First readingActivity 2:Read the passage and check your predictions.,1.Who was John Sno
3、w?He was a British doctor.2.What is King Cholera?It used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world and millions of people died from it in the early 19th century.,a.serious,n.霍乱,First reading1.Who was John S,First readingActivity 2:Read the passage and check your predictions.,3.What does“def
4、eat”mean?It means to win against something.4.What did John Snow do about King Cholera?He conducted research and found out how cholera spread.,First reading3.What does“def,Second readingActivity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King ch
5、olera.,Second reading,Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.,Paragraph 1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.,Para.1:Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doct
6、or,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,Activity 3:Read the passage a,Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.,Paragraph 2:John Snow found a problem.,Para.2:In general,doctors in those day
7、s had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.,a.对立的,Activity 3:Read the passage a,Activity 3:Read the passage again and find
8、the main information of each paragraph.,Paragraph 3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.,Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the
9、 disease was stopped in its tracks.,n.把手,n.泵,Activity 3:Read the passage a,Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.,Paragraph 4:John found the truth about cholera.,Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.More
10、over,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.,v.to make a disease spread to sb./sth.,n.connection,Activity 3:Read the passage a,Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.,Paragraph 5:John co
11、ntributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.,Para.5:Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of mo
12、dern epidemiology.,n.流行病学,v.change,Activity 3:Read the passage a,Summary,The main information about how John defeated cholera:Paragraph 1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.Paragraph 2:John Snow found a problem.Paragraph 3:John Snow conducted r
13、esearch to stop the disease.Paragraph 4:John found the truth about cholera.Paragraph 5:John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.,SummaryThe main information ab,Activity 4:Try to put the following stages of scientific research in order.,_ analyse the results_ ask a q
14、uestion_ draw a conclusion_ collect data_ find a problem_ find supporting evidence_ think of a method,Activity 4:Try to put the fol,1st stage:Find a problem,Para.2:In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the dis
15、ease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.,1st stage:Find a problemPara.,2nd stage:Ask a question,Para.2:In general,doctors in those days had t
16、wo contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.,2nd stage
17、:Ask a questionPara.,3rd stage:Think of a method,Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put
18、 the stages in order.,3rd stage:Think of a methodPa,4th stage:Collect data,Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Stree
19、t)had had no deaths.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.,n.all the people living in a house,4th stage:Collect dataPara.3,5th stage:Analyse the results,Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especia
20、lly house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.,a.many,5th stage:Analyse the results,6th stage:Find supporting evidence,Para.3:Snow b
21、egan by marking on a map Whats more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key w
22、ords to put the stages in order.,6th stage:Find supporting evi,7th stage:Draw a conclusion,Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could no
23、t be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.,n.病菌,7th stage:Draw a conclusionPa,Summary,The stages of scientific researchThe 1st stage:find a problemThe 2nd stage:ask a questionThe 3rd stage:th
24、ink of a methodThe 4th stage:collect dataThe 5th stage:analyse the resultsThe 6th stage:find supporting evidenceThe 7th stage:draw a conclusion,SummaryThe stages of scientifi,Third readingActivity 5:Read the passage and get more information on how Snow defeated cholera.,Third reading,Read paragraph
25、1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.,Read paragraph 1 and fill in t,Read paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.,the most feared diseases,severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death,In the early 19th century,n.脱水,n.腹泻,Read
26、paragraph 1 and fill in t,Read paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.,Europe,Millions of people died,from the disease,Read paragraph 1 and fill in t,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and complete the chart to get specific information about the cholera research(Page 3
27、,Activity 3).,Steps in the research,Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and co,AB,It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.,Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.,air,food or water,marked on a map,died,(1)Fill in the blanks and finish the steps in the research.,AIt was believe
28、d that cholera,C,Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.,Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.,A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.,The pump water carried _.,water pump,hadnt,drinking water from the pump,cholera germs,The _ of the pump was remove
29、d.,handle,D,E,(1)Fill in the blanks and finish the steps in the research.,CMany deaths occurred near the,(2)Match the headers with the letters from the chart to summarise and review the research steps(Page 3,Activity 4).,Write A-E in the blanks.1 conclusion _2 evidence _3 process_4 solution_5 theori
30、es_,Steps in the research,(2)Match the headers with the,AB,(2)Summarise and review the research steps.,It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.,Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.,air,food or water,marked on a map,died,theories,process,A(2)Summarise and review
31、the,C,Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.,Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.,A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.,water pump,hadnt,drinking water from the pump,(2)Summarise and review the research steps.,evidence,CMany deaths occurred near
32、 the,The pump water carried _.,cholera germs,The _ of the pump was removed.,handle,D,E,(2)Summarise and review the research steps.,conclusion,solution,The pump water carried _,(2)Summarise and review the research steps.,theories,process,evidence,conclusion,solution,research method,(2)Summarise and r
33、eview the r,Read the map and get to know the research method further.,What kind of map is it?What does“”mean?What does“PH”mean?Where is the pump?,Read the map and get to know t,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.,1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2.Was cholera destroy
34、ed completely?3.How can we prevent cholera?,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and an,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.,1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?The water which came from the River Thames and had been infected by waste.,Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Bro
35、ad Street pump had been infected by waste.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and an,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.,2.Was cholera destroyed completely?No.,Para.5:Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to
36、 sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and an,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.,3.How can we prevent
37、 cholera?By drinking pure or boiled water.,Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.,a.clean,Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and an,Activity 6:Answe
38、r questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work(Page 3,Activity 6).,What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?,n.显微镜,Activity 6:Answer questions a,What was the m
39、ost important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?,Para.5:Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.
40、,n.统计数字,What was the most important to,What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or
41、 examine patients.The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at that time.,Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.,What was the most important to,How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?,Para.5:Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies be
42、gan to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.,How has John Snows wo
43、rk affec,How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink,as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty.He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transformed the way scientists study d
44、iseases,which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.,Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.,How has John Snows work affec,Homework,Why was it John Snow,not other doctors,who defeated King Cholera?Write about your opinion by using the information from the passage.,HomeworkWhy was it John Snow,
