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1、英语中的五种基本句型,句子成分详解,英语五种基本句型,1.主语+不及物动词 Everybody smiled.2.主语+及物动词+宾语 He knows everything.3.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I showed him my photos.4.主语+系动词+表语 The boy looks healthy.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语 What made you angry?,祈使句的主语一般都省略掉,基本句型汉译英练习主谓结构（S十V）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The r
2、ed sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。,5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。8.每天八时开始上课。9.这个盒子重五公斤。10.五年前我住在北京。11.爱丽丝很会游泳。12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,Check the answers:,1
3、.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yesterday evening.3.That morning we talked a great deal.4.The meeting will last two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7.The May Fourth Movement
4、 broke out in Beijing in 1919.,8.Classes begin at eight every day.9.This box weighs five kilos.10.I lived in Beijing five years ago.11.Alice swims very well.12.Johns father died last night.13.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.14.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.15.Every afternoon a lo
5、t of students come to the library to borrow books.,2S十V十O主谓宾结构,此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。（名词，名词短语或代词）例如：eg:Isawafilm.译：我看了一部电影。（I是主语，saw是谓语，a film是宾语）eg:Theytookgoodcareofthechildren 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。(they是主语,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过
6、去式，the children是宾语),说明：此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词即变成及物动词词组,1.动词+副词：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）动词+介词：persist in(坚持)，succeed in(在成功)2.动词+副词：如，turn on(开),move on（走开）,pass on（传递）,put on（穿上）,have on（穿着）.动词+介词：work on（从事于）,operate on（在上动手术）,agree on（同意）get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）,有的含有介词 at,fo
7、r,from,into,of,with,to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）,look at（瞧）,look for（寻找）,belong to（属于）,refer to（参考，提及）,think of（考虑，评价）,send for（派人去请）,care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）,deal with(对付，应付),object to（反对）,pay for（付的钱）,等。,总结：动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中,1.含有away,out,forward,up 等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如，They car
8、ried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说，They carried the plan out successfully.但我们只说As the plan was practical,they carried it out successfully.动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）,carry out（执行）,put forward（提出）,work out（做出，算出）,find out（找出）,give up（放弃）,give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）,put up（挂上）,等。,Exercise practice,
9、1.昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a letter last night.2.这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times.3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)They have carried out the plan successfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing)You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.6.我
10、开窗户你在意吗？Do you mind my opening the window?7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself)Jim cannot dress himself.,8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.他不知道说什麽好。He did not know what to say.11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath
11、)He takes a cold bath every morning.12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。(sing praise for)They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.,翻译练习,我不信任那个人。（believe in)他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out)这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on)沸腾的水
12、散发水蒸汽。(give off)写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over)脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off)人们会把她找出来的。(find out)我们必须派人去请医生(send for),我不信任那个人。（believe in)他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out)I dont believe in(介)that man.He pointed out（副）the mistakes in my composi
13、tion.On Christmas Day,we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.You must hand in（副）your exercise-books after class.We cannot work out（副）the problem in five minutes.,Check the answers,这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on)沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。(give off)写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over)脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(tak
14、e off,put on)人们会把她找出来的。(find out)我们必须派人去请医生(send for)The nurse will take good care of your father.You can depend on（介）him in your work.Boiling water gives off（副）steam.After writing a composition,we must go over（介）it.Take off your coat and put it on（副）before you leave.People will find her out（副）.We m
15、ust send for（介）a doctor,3.S十V十P主系表结构,说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound.（2）表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand.（3）表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.,eg:Heishandsome译：他长得帅。(he做主语，is是系动词，han
16、dsome是形容词，做表语)eg:Heis a clever boy。译：他是一个聪明的男孩（he是主语，is 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语不定冠词a/an+形容词名词单数，做表语）eg:Thedeskfeelshard译：书桌摸起来很硬。(The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词),翻译练习：,我的兄弟都是大学生。冬季白天短，夜晚长。布朗夫人看起来很健康。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。孩子们，请保持安静。My brothers are all college students.In winter,the days are short and the nigh
17、ts are long.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.Children,keep quiet please.,这本书是有关美国历史的书。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。他失业了。树叶已经变黄了。这个报告听起来很有意思。This book is about the history of the United States.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.He is out of work.The le
18、aves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.,4.S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构,说明:此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词,动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.,Weelec
19、tedLiYangourmonitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.Ifoundmymoneystolen.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足的后面，是英语常用句型.即 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语 如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,特别提醒A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语
20、补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。,We saw the thief caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,The next morning she found the man lying in bed,dead.,I often hear this song sung in the street.,B.在
21、let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，lookat(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.,翻译练习：,我们叫她Alice.他的父母给他取名为John.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。他们把门推开了。他们把小偷释放了。We call h
22、er Alice.His parents named him John.All of us considered him honest.They pushed the door open.They have set the thief free.,我们要使学校变得更美丽。他请我们参加做游戏。我要你把真相告诉我。卫兵命令我们立即离开。明天我要找人来修理机器。We will make our school more beautiful.He asked us to join in the game.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered
23、 us to leave at once.Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.,痛苦使得他叫喊起来。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。他每个月理一次发。我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 The pain made him cry out.We wont let her go out at night.He has his hair cut once a month.Ill get my recorder mended.The terrible sound made the children frightened.,她正在听人
24、家讲故事。男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。他感到很难跟你交谈。She is listening to someone telling stories.The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,我想乘船去那里更舒服些。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。I think it more
25、comfortable to go there by ship.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.I thought it no use talking with that man,4.S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构,在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，sh
26、ow，tell，buy，get等。eg:Hegavemeabook.(he 是主语gave是谓语动词，是give 的过去式，me是间宾，a book是直宾)=Hegave abooktome译：他给我一本书。,eg:Hebroughtmeapen.=Hebrought apentome（brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”）译：他带给我一枝钢笔。eg:Motherboughtmeabook=Motherbought abookforme.（bought是buy的过去式）译：妈妈给我买了一本书。,说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，He bri
27、ngs me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,
28、tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,翻译练习：1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了,Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Mary handed the wa
29、llet to the schoolmaster.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.This term I have written three letters to my parents.,7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,My father has bought me a new bike.Robinson Crus
30、oe made himself a boat.Will you please get me a new copy?Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour,A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主系表 D.主谓双宾 E.主谓宾补1.Your sister dances beautifully.2.They proved that the earth was round.3.This food looks inviting.4.Doing that whould be playing with fire.,A,
31、B,C,C,判断下列句子的句型,A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主系表 D.主谓双宾 E.主谓宾补5.They kept their marriage a secret.6.He played dead.7.Show me what you bought.8.Good food keeps you healthy.,E,A,B,E,判断下列句子的句型,A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主系表 D.主谓双宾 E.主谓宾补9.The palaces were large and beautiful.10.A species can became endangered for different reasons.
32、11.It sounded like a woman crying.12.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.,C,C,C,B,判断下列句子的句型,A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主系表 D.主谓双宾 E.主谓宾补13.Pop music makes people feel easy and forget the real world.14.The man we followed suddenly stopped.15.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.16.We find it importa
33、nt to master English.,E,A,E,E,判断下列句子的句型,A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主系表 D.主谓双宾 E.主谓宾补17.He handed me the newspaper.18.My wish is to become a teacher.19.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.20.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.,D,C,B,C,判断下列句子的句型,（附录）英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明：此句型是由“there
34、+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were
35、 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there
36、 will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two Americans and tw
37、o Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.,
