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1、,Grammar,Revise the Attributive Clause(non-restrictive),Grammar,非限定性定语从句,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。从句和主句间用逗号隔开。,导,His brother,who is 25 years old,is a doctor.他的哥哥是个医生，现今25岁。,导,Yesterday I met Li Lei,who seemed to be very busy.昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙(去掉从句,意义仍然完整:昨天我碰上李雷了),导,1.指人时：2.指物时：3.指地点时：4.指时间时：5.指原因时：,
2、非限制性定语从句的关系词,思,1.指人时：2.指物时：3.指地点时：4.指时间时：5.指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的关系词,议,1.指人时：2.指物时：which(指词/整个主句只能位于主句后)as(正如，可位于主句前、中、后)3.指地点时：4.指时间时：5.指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的关系词,who,whom,whose,which,as,where=prep+which,when=prep+which,for which（不可用why）,展,非限定性定语从句考点,Which指代表示“物”的先行词(不能用that且不可省略)The project,which lasted two year
3、s,cost five million dollars.,评,2.指人时主格用who,宾格用whom His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.I happened to meet Li Hong,whom I didnt recognize at once.,评,3.表示所属用whose（先行词指人/物）Li Ming,whose mother has been ill for two days,is absent from school today.The room,whose windows face east,is ou
4、r dormitory.,评,4.关系副词引导非限从(why要换成for which）I have told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.Last Sunday he reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.,评,5.介词+关系代词引导非限从 I finished my work ahead of time,after which I went home.He lost his glasses,without which he cant see anythi
5、ng.,评,1）表示部分的词：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；the+最高级/比较级，2）表示数目或数量：many,most,few,several等。,6.表示数量的数词或代词 of which/whom引导非限从,评,1)He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.2)He has written ten stories,three of which are about city life.3)There are two
6、 buildings,the larger of which is a hundred metres high.4)Many people,some of whom are not overweight,are going on diets.,评,7.since when;from where引导的非限从,since when=and since then自那时起 from where 从某处,1)He stood at the window,from where we can see the park.2)The book was written in 1946,sincewhen the
7、education system has witnessed great changes.,评,8.as“正如”常用结构：as we all know 正如我们所知道的as you say 正如 你所说的as I can see 正如我所能看到的 as we had expected 正如我们所料as you may have heard 正如你可能听到过的那样as is often the case=as often happens情况往往如此/这是常有的事,评,as“正如”也常用于被动结构：as is expected(正如所料）as has been explained(正如所解释的)a
8、s is mentioned above(正如所提到的)as is known to all(众所周知)as is announced/reported(据宣布/报道)as has been pointed out（正如所指出的那样）,评,.As we expected,he failed the exam.正如我所预料的，他考试失败了。He failed the exam,which we hadnt expected.She heard a terrible noise,which brought her heart into her mouth.,评,区别,评,限制性定从与非限从,Exa
9、mple 1,1.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.2.Shanghai,which is in East China,is developing quickly.,当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用_修饰。,非限制性定语从句,评,Example 2,1.I have a sister who/that works in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,不止一位姐
10、姐,只有一位姐姐,评,1.限制性定语从句与_关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它,主句意思往往不明确。2.非限制性定语从句是对_的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,先行词,先行词,评,Example 3,This is the house(which/that)we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。,评,1.限制性定语从句可以由_、_来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰_,又可修饰_,不
11、可用 that 引导且关系代词不可以省略。,关系代词,关系副词,先行词,整个主句,评,非限定性定语从句注意事项,which与as引导非限从的异同,一相同点。指代主句中的部分或整个句子，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。The meeting was put off,as/which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor,as/which I knew from his manner.,评,二不同点,1.as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，位置比较灵活，而which只能位于主句之后。As is known to all,fish
12、cant live without water.Air,as we know,is gas.,评,2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后的be动词可以省略。She told me she won the match,which was a lie.The material is elastic,as(was)shown in the figure.,评,3.which做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as后的谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,become等，一般不用其他行为动词。He saw the girl,which delighted him.He didnt say
13、anything at the meeting,as/which seemed very strange.,评,4.如果主句与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as；如果不一致，就用which.She has married again,as was expected.He broke the rules again,which was unexpected.,评,5.as 用于表示“如同.那样，按照，正如”，常用的结构有as we know;as often happens;as is often the case;as we all can see等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可放句中或句末.As
14、is known to all,China is a developing country.Kate was late for school,as often happened.,评,6.关系代词指代主句中某一个单词时，常用which My brother enjoyed playing basketball,which he really plays well.Beijing,which he was born in,is our capital.,评,7.“介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中,关系代词只能用which The Travel Agency,with which our compa
15、ny has been dealing for several years,has opened for new branches.,评,8.从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which.He can write a letter in English,which I can not.Metal will bear being beaten with a hammer,which a stone willl not.,评,9.关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which He said he had passed the exam,which was untrue.,评,快乐体验,Han
16、gzhou is a beautiful city,_ people visit the famous West Lake.2.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.,which,As,who,where,检,5.I should thank my teacher,with _ help,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.7.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.,whose,of,which,when,检,用,Finish the exercises in the workbook.,
