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1、-ing form,used as Subject and Object,Unit 2 Grammar,Have you ever seen these signs?,Parking Spitting Littering Smoking,Ving forms,Ving的形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成V+-ing,完成下面的句子并判断V-ing在句子中充当什么成分。,_ _ is my favourite sport.,Playing football,主语,My sister enjoy_ alone on the seashore.,standing,宾
2、语,The cartoon is _.,amusing,表语,America is a developed country,while China is a _ country.,developing,定语,We heard Tommy _ in his room.,singing,宾语补足语,She sat at the desk _ a newspaper.,reading,状语,V-ing形式是在动词末尾加-ing，属于非谓语动词。否定形式：not+v-ing2.V-ing形式在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。,Ving可具有时态意义,1有一般式（doing）,表示
3、Ving的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其 后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念.,I am thinking of going to the park this afternoon 我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后),She is proud of being beautiful她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）,2完成式（having done),我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。（之前发生）I apologize for not having kept my promise,表示Ving的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。,他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。He was praised for h
4、aving made such a contribution to the country（之前发生）,动名词可具有语态意义,（being done，having been done）其否定形式是：not being done,not having been done,1.He attended the party without _.A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.being invited,2.Rebecca was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad.A.not having been g
5、iven B.not having given C.not giving D.having been given,以do为例 主动 被动 一般时态 doing being done 完成时态 having done having been done 以study为例 主动 被动一般时态 完成时态,(not)studying(not)being studied(not)having studied(not)having been studied,1作主语 a.含义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 比较不定式(to do)作主语：表示某次具体 动作或意义。1)Watching news on TV
6、 has become a routine for me.在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。2)He realized that to go on like this was wrong.他意识到继续这样下去是错的。,1作主语 b.形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首。1)Learning new words is very important to me 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。2)Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。,It is a waste of time doing 做、是浪费时间的 It is no good/use
7、doing It is useless doing sth.做、是没益/用处的 It is hardly worth doing 做、不值得 It is worth/worthwhile doing 做、是值得的,动词-ing形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式 主语。常见句式有：,在there be结构中作主语句型：There is no doing sth.不允许；无法做 相当于“It is impossible to do”。1)There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。2)There was no knowing when he would
8、 leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。,1)There is no sense in doing 做、没有道理2)There is no point doing 干、无意义 做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no point doing such a silly thing.,3)There is no need to do sth 干、没必要(在此句式中to do 不可换 为doing)没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her.,1作宾语 a.只能加Ving作宾语的动词(短语)(口诀版)考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,loo
9、k forward to,excuse/pardon 承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/put off,fancy 避免错过继续练：avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice 否认完成停能赏：deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡：cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape 不准冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine,1作宾语 b.接Ving作宾语的其他短语 be used to(习惯做),feel like(喜欢),be busy(in)(忙于),be tired of(厌烦),be
10、 fond of(喜欢),be afraid of(害怕),think of/about(考虑),keep on(继续),insist on(坚持),be good at(擅长),give up(放弃),cant stand(无法忍受)spend(in)doing,devote to doing succeed in doing(成功做),have difficulty/trouble(in)doing(做有麻烦),1作宾语 c.有些动词后可跟to do和v-ing形式作宾语,begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，mean，forget，remember，
11、hate等。Alike/love/hate，prefer doing 动名词表示泛指的动作 like，love，hate，prefer to do 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。Bbegin/start，continue doing/to do 用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤 其是当主语是人的时候。,Cforget/remember/regret doing sth.forget/remember/regret to do sth.动名词表示已经发生的动作；不定式表示将要发生的动作。I remember _(post)the letter yesterday Ill remember _(p
12、ost)the letterI shall never forget _(see)the famous writerDont forget _(write)to your motherI regret _(miss)the reportI regret _(say)I cant take your advice,posting,to post,seeing,to write,missing,to say,1作宾语 d.need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done。如：,The window needsrequir
13、eswants cleaning.,=The window needsrequireswants to be cleaned,动名词的复合结构：逻辑主语动名词:指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格句型：my/your/his/her/our/their/Toms/Marys.doing sth.,当动名词用作宾语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词/宾格或名词所有格构成。me/him+doing sth.,比较：不能准时参加会议让我很不高兴。Not attending the meeting on time made me unhapp
14、y.他没能准时参加会议，让我很不高兴。His not attending the meeting on time made me unhappy.妈妈生病了，这使我很着急。My mothers being ill worried me.,比较：他坚持要住在这个房间里。He insisted on living in the room.他坚持玛丽住在这个房间。He insisted on Marys living in the room.他坚持我们住在这个房间。He insisted on our/(us)living in the room.,1.In some parts of London
15、，missing a bus means _for another hour A.waiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be waiting,exercise,2One learns a language by making mistakes and _them Acorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrect Dto correct3Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhav
16、ing set up,4.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A.repairing B.repair C.to repair D.repaired,5.Though it sounds a bit too expensive,it is worth _.A.being bought B.buying C.to buy D.buying it,6.Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A.bor
17、rowing;to bring B.to borrow;bringC.borrowed;bringing D.borrowing;bringing,7.She is very busy _ her papers.She is far too busy _ callers.A.to write；to receive B.writing；to receive C.writing；receiving D.to write；for receiving,8.Once the heart stops _,death follows at once.beating B.to beat C.being beaten D.to be beating9.Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A.to wait B.wait C.waiting D.waited,Homework,recite all the important words and phrases which use v-ing as objective.,
