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1、Lesson 27 Nothing to Sell and Nothing to Buy不买也不卖,It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。It has been said that=it is said that据说live by以为生,In the light of this statement,teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spi
2、ritual comfort.根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。in the light of=according to,taking into account 依据，按照philosophers和priests后面都承前省略了live,为了避免重复。,philosopher n.哲学家Philosophy n.哲学The ancient Greek philosopher苏格拉底 Socrates skrti:z柏拉图 Plato pleitu亚里士多德 Aristotle risttl-Plato is dear to me,but dearer s
3、till is truth.-I love my teacher,but I love truth more.-Aristotle,wisdom n.智慧Plato is a man of wisdom.=Plato is a wise man.wise adj.英明的，明智的-I made a wise choice.wisdom teethThiswisdomthatyou simplylearn fromothersisnot enough.Onthebasisofit,you shouldbuildyour ownideas.,priest n.牧师thethree major rel
4、igionsof theworld:基督教 Christian krstn佛教 Buddhism bdzm伊斯兰教 Islamism izlmizm天主教 Catholicism klisizm道教 Taoism tazm印度教 Hinduism hinduizm,Christian,Buddhismbdzm,Islamismizlmizm,Taoism tazm,Hinduism hinduizm,spiritual adj.精神上的，非物质的spiritual life/spiritual need spirited adj.精神饱满的，生机勃勃的，英勇的a spirited girllo
5、w-spirited 沮丧的 high-spirited 兴奋的a spirited debate 热烈的辩论public-spirited adj.有爱国心的,有公德心的（名词public-spiritedness）Thanks to a group of public-spirited citizens,the Krippendorf garden has been preserved.多谢一群有公德心的市民，克利彭多夫花园才得以维持下去。,Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms o
6、f money,it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。though引导让步状语从句，交代“先决条件是”in terms of 从方面说来，按照Thebookoffersnothingintermsofasatisfactoryconclusion.,It is the fashion nowadays,for instance,to explain a
7、ll social unrest in terms of economic conditions.,There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives,yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。ahighfee高昂的费用pr
8、ecisely adv.精确地；恰恰,grudge vt.怀恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做n.怨恨；恶意；妒忌He grudged paying his taxes.他不愿付税金。-His crude master grudged him even the food he ate.He grudged me my salary.他吝于给我薪水。-He grudged my success.(vt.妒忌，怨恨)They grudged him his prize.他们嫉妒他得奖。,surgeon n.外科大夫surgery n.外科手术Theplasticsurgeonundercut the ski
9、nofhercheek.整容外科医生将她的脸皮下部切开。physician fzn n.内科医生 gynecologist,ankldst n.妇科医生pediatrician,pidtrn n.儿科医生 dentist n.牙科医生nasalnezl/ear/oral/brain doctor鼻科/耳科/口腔/脑科医生,The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.Everyone has somethin
10、g to sell.社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。such后面的that引导同位语从句，such是代词。这个从句中的that引导的是一个定语从句，说明是“什么样的方法”。动词不定式tosell充当something的后置定语。,Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有
11、流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。trampsn.trmp 流浪汉tohisgeneralrule作证句子的补充状语。toarousethepityofpassers-by是动词不定式短语，作目的状语，即“出售本人的目的是引起过路人的怜悯”。,passer-by n.过路人（复数passers-by）looker-on 旁观者father-in-law 岳父，公公mother/son/daughter/brother/sister-in-law岳母/婆婆/女婿/儿媳妇/姐夫，妹夫/夫或妻的姐妹,But real tramps are not beggars.They
12、have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西.这句话由but引导，是对上句内容的转折。tosell作nothing的后置定语。两个简单句由and连接。,In seeking independence,they do not sacrifice their human dignity.在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。inseeking为固定搭配，意思是“在追求的过程中”。A tramp may ask you for money,but he w
13、ill never ask you to feel sorry for him.游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。这个句子由两个并列的分句构成，两个分句中各含有一个重要短语 asksb.forsth.(向某人索要某物)，asksb.todosth.(要求某人做某事)。,dignity n.尊严，高贵lose ones dignity 丢面子，失去尊严-If you are afraid of losing your dignity,you cant expect to learn a foreign language.-Although she is very poor,she ha
14、s not lost her dignity.,He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。heleads作life的定语从句，前面省去了关系代词that。,deliberately adv.故意地（=on purpose）-He coughed deliberately/on purpose to attract my attention.adv.慎重地，深思熟虑地-He made a deci
15、sion deliberately.,consequence n.后果，结果in consequence 因此，结果-It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.in consequence of 因为.的缘故，由于-He didnt come to school in consequence of his illness.take the consequence of 承担.的责任-You have to take the consequence of the accident.,He may never be
16、sure where the next meal is coming from,but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。wherethenextmealiscomingfrom是谓语besure所指的内容，即宾语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰anxieties,指“的烦心事”。be free from 不受.的影响，后面常接pain,trouble,danger.,afflict v.使苦恼，折磨be afflicte
17、d with 受.折磨-He is afflicted with a disease.She is afflicted with a conscience她受良心的责备。affliction n.痛苦，苦恼Thethought thatthispersonistheonly oneformeistherootoftheaffliction.那种认为“这个人是我的唯一”的想法是痛苦的根源。,His few material possession make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.他几乎没有什么财产，这使他
18、能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是tomovefromplacetoplacewithease。withease相当于easily。,ease n.容易with ease 熟练地，轻而易举地（=easily）-He finished the task with ease。at ease 安逸，自由自在-He is quite at ease in public.be/feel ill at ease 局促不安，心神不宁-I always feel ill at ease in a strange environment.,By having to sleep in the
19、open,he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。byhavingtosleepintheopen是介词短语，作原因状语，意即“由于不得不露宿”。getcloseto的意思是“接近”。getfarclosertothan的意思是“比接近得多”。do代替get closetotheworldofnature。,nature n.大自然nature reserve 自然保护区 n.本性human nature 人性，人类本性-Caring animals
20、 is human nature.,He may hunt,beg,or steal occasionally to keep himself alive;he may even in times of real need,do a little work;but he will never sacrifice his freedom.为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。in times of 在的时候句中两个分号表明这两个简单句均为并列关系。,We often speak of tramps with contempt a
21、nd put them in the same class as beggars,but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？asbeggars是class的定语。这里的as是关系代词，意思是“他们和乞丐归为同一类”。theirfreedom
22、fromcare的意思是“他们的无忧无虑”，freedomfromcare相当于freefromcare,只是由于句子结构和对词性的要求而把free改为freedom。,contempt n.蔑视hold sb.in contempt=look down upon sb.鄙视某人I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.in contempt of不顾；不把放在眼里；藐视He went abroad in contempt of his fathers objection.,contemptible adj.可鄙
23、的，可轻视的，不齿的He is a contemptible person.Youcantellheis arudeandcontemptiblemanby thecontentofhishostilecomments.从他充满仇意的言语内容中，大家不难看出他是个粗野可鄙的人。,envious adj.羡慕的，嫉妒的be envious of I am envious of your success.jealous dls adj.妒忌的，吃醋的，羡慕的He is jealous of our success.envious 羡慕jealous 嫉妒，含贬义envious，jealous an
24、d hateful,Comprehension questions,1.It has been said everyone lives by doing what?By selling something.2.What do teachers live by selling?Knowledge.3.Who live by selling wisdom?Philosophers.4.And what about the priests?They live by selling spiritual comforts.,5.How difficult is it to estimate the tr
25、ue value of services that people perform?Extremely difficult.6.Would most of us willingly give up everything we possess to save our lives?Yes,we would.7.But who might we grudge paying?A surgeon.8.What has to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for?Skills.,9.Tramps seem to be an exception
26、 to the rule.What is the rule?Everyone has something to sell.10.What do beggars almost do?Sell themselves.11.Are real tramps beggars?No,they arent.12.What have they got to sell?Nothing.And what do they require from others?Nothing.,13.There is something tramps do not sacrifice.What is it?Their human
27、dignity.14.Will a tramp ask you to feel sorry for him?No,he wont.15.Is a tramp sure where the next meal is coming from?No,he isnt.16.But what is he free from?The thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.,17.Why can he move from place to place with ease?Because he has few material possession
28、s.18.How does he get closer to nature than most of us do?By having to sleep in the open.19.What will a tramp never sacrifice?His freedom.20.How do we often speak of tramps?With contempt.,21.How do we compare them with beggars?We put them in the same class.22.How do many of us feel about tramps simple way of life and their freedom from care?We are envious of it.,
