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1、矿山充填技术回顾、现状及发展,孙恒虎 教授清华大学建筑设计研究院University of the Pacific,USA2013年5月27日,1,2,汇报提纲,高水速凝材料充填技术 全尾砂固结充填技术 凝石似膏体充填技术,俄罗斯煤矿地表塌陷（Berezniki）,TVA Kingston 粉煤灰溃坝,山铝赤泥坝,铁尾矿库,4,一、充填技术与绿色开采感想,1992年澳大利亚国际充填采矿大会大会总结报告指出：中国将是未来矿业的源泉“China will be the source of future mining backfill”2011年，在我们完成的美国能源部项目-煤基固废资源化利用结题验
2、收会上，专家认为“矿山充填是解决矿山绿色开采的重要途径”本人认为：由长沙矿山研究院为主组织的“中国充填采矿技术与装备大会”对绿色矿山采矿技术发展意义重大!什么叫绿色开采？一种行之有效的矿山充填技术应是矿山绿色开采的主流技术！,5,二、本课题组矿山充填技术研发工作的回顾,三个阶段,6,高水速凝充填材料（高水材料）,90%水+10%固体材料(体积百分比),高水速凝充填现场实例,地下采矿充填,9,铝钒土原料紧缺，成本偏高；两种料浆匹配操作易失控；耐久性问题。,存在问题：,胶凝材料制备：以工业废渣(矿渣)为主要原料，加入适量的天然矿物及化学添加剂，像制造水泥一样，经配料、磨细、均化等工艺制备成充填胶凝
3、材料;胶凝材料特点：对含粘土量高的砂土及工业垃圾（如矿山尾砂）具有很强的固结能力，因此特别适合固结全尾砂用于矿山充填;使用效果：实现全尾砂充填，其充填浓度范围65-75%，流动性好，易于泵送和自流输送，充填效率高，井下几乎不需脱水即可凝结成固体，充填体早期强度高，采矿周期短，井下作业环境好，综合充填成本低。,地面充填站,INCO镍矿采场充填作业过程 INCO镍矿充填24小时后的效果,尾矿细粒级含量和养护温度、时间对充填体抗压强度的影响,凝石硅铝基绿色水泥:利用地壳上最为丰富的原材料，包括大量的固体废弃物；由多种天然矿物组成的“成岩剂”；“仿地成岩”；环境友好，低能耗；新型绿色水泥混凝土。,凝石
4、似膏体充填工艺系统图,粗粒级固废,“六因素”与“四目标”优化控制关系,胶凝材料-凝石用量：3-5%；泵送充填料浆浓度：72-78%；固废（包括矿山尾矿，煤燃烧废弃物等）占充填材料的比例：95-97%；养护时间：1-7天可控，不需井下脱水；充填体早期强度高，采充循环周期短。,凝石似膏体充填特点：,不同骨料制备的充填体的抗压强度/MPa,Progress Report of DOE ProjectResearch and Development of a New Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Material Largely Using Coal Refuse
5、 for Mine Backfill,Mine Sealing and Waste Disposal Stabilization,Project PI:Dr.Henghu Sun,Pacific Resources Research CenterSchool of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of the Pacific May 11,2011,U.S.DEPARTMENT OFENERGY,Raw materials On-site collection at coal mine of Arch Coal Inc.West Virgi
6、nia,美国能源部：煤基固废制备硅铝基胶凝材料及充填材料研究,Equipment and Lab Set-up,应邀到白宫与美国政府官员及专家座谈,放上清晰照片,May 1st,2009,Ground fly ash+Coarse fly ash,Ground fly ash+Coal refuse,Activated material,Aggregate,Cement,Blast furnace slag,FGD Gypsum,Backfill material,A,B,Backfill material A could be also used as Controlled Low Stre
7、ngth Material(Compressive strength of Controlled low strength material is less than 8.27 MPa).2.Backfill material B is an excellent material for mining backfill and waste stabilization.,Backfill Material Development,Compressive strength of backfill body/(Mpa),Note:Total tailing backfill is the state
8、 of art technology in mining backfill.,All the samples in A and B in this test meet with the flowability requirement(200-300mm),23,凝泰克充填技术凝泰克A(一种高膨胀性新型高水材料),凝泰克A使用工艺示意图,技术特点：料水比可高达2-10倍；甲、乙两种浆液混合前可长达20多小时不凝固、不结底，混合后很快发生反应，1-30分钟内完成初凝；早期强度高，增长速度快。,三、本课题组目前矿山充填技术进展现状,正在输送液浆图 已做好的密闭墙,凝泰克充填技术凝泰克A,凝泰克A特性
9、：分为加固、充填、密闭和堵漏型；膨胀倍数高（可达5倍）、充填用量小、经济适用性好；阻燃、无毒、无害、无腐蚀、泵送性能好。,充填技术应是绿色开采的主流技术，是集材料装备工艺于一体的系统化集成技术，需同行们携手共进，共创未来！本课题组在清华大学建筑设计研究院绿色建材与循环经济研究中心直接指导下，在国内组成了由北京清山怡和新材料技术开发有限公司、北京科技大学和河北筑盛建材科技有限公司的紧密合作团队，正在研发一种能够适合矿山绿色充填开采的新一代矿山充填技术-凝泰克GH;在绿色水泥和充填技术相结合的基础上，相关技术的应用范围已不仅局限于矿山充填，还在道路工程、水利工程、市政建设、环境修复、荒漠化改造及其
10、它重要工程上已得到了广泛的应用。,四、结语与展望,26,本课题组已在美国、加拿大、南非、葡萄牙、哥伦比亚、越南等开展了国际化工作；本团队也竭诚探索与各位专家和同行的合作之路，以期为我国矿山的绿色开采做出贡献！,27,五、相关著作、论文、专利与奖励,著作5本、发表论文150余篇、授权专利13项,相关专著,近期论文,1 Early-age characteristics of red mud-coal gangue cementitious material.Journal of Hazardous Material,2009,167:927-9322 Sialite technologysust
11、ainable alternative to Portland cement.Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2009,12(5):503-5163 Study on microstructure and mechanical property of inter-facial transition zone between limestone aggregate and Sialite paste.Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(11):3393-33974 Innovative m
12、ethodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings Part 1:The recovery of iron from iron ore tailings using magnetic separation after magnetizing roasting.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1-3):71-775 Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings Part 2:T
13、he residues after iron recovery from iron ore tailings to prepare cementitious material.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,174(1-3):78-836 Investigation on the activation of coal gangue by a new compound method.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1-3):515-5207 A review:The comparison between al
14、kali-activated slag(Si+Ca)and metakaolin(Si+Al)cements.Cement and Concrete Research,2010,40:1341-13498 The composition of fly ash glass phase and its dissolution properties applying to geopolymeric materials.Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2011,94(6):1773-1778,近期论文,9 Pozzolanic behaviour of
15、compound-activated red mud-coal gangue mixture.Cement and Concrete Research,2011,41(3):270-27810 Evaluation of blends bauxite-calcination-method red mud with other industrial wastes as a cementitious material:Properties and hydration characteristics.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(1):329-335
16、11 Structural investigation relating to the cementitious activity of bauxite residue red mud.Cement and Concrete Research,2011,41:847-85312 A novel silica alumina-based backfill material composed of coal refuse and fly ash.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,213-214:71-8213 Characterization of a new
17、 silica alumina-based backfill material utilizing large quantities of coal combustion byproducts.Fuel,2012,97:329-33614 Durability and leaching analysis of a cementitious material composed of high volume coal combustion byproducts.Construction and Building Materials,2012,36:97-10315 Performance and
18、microanalysis of cement asphalt mortar with admixture of coal fly ash.Journal of Material Science Research,2012,01(2):193-20616 Improvements on pozzolanic reactivity of coal refuse by thermal activation.Environment&Pollution,2012,01(2):33-38,相关专利,相 关 科 技 奖 励,参考文献,周爱民，中国充填技术概述.第八届国际充填采矿会议论文集.2004年9月.
19、pp 1-7.缪协兴,钱鸣高.中国煤炭资源绿色开采研究现状与展望.采矿与安全工程学报，2009，26(1):1-14.许家林，轩大洋，朱卫兵.充填采矿技术现状与展望.2011,11(3):24-30.冯光明，丁玉，朱红菊，等矿用超高水充填材料及其结构的实验研究中国矿业大学学报，2010,39(6):813-819孙恒虎,刘文永,黄玉诚,等.高水固结充填采矿.北京：机械工业出版社，1998.孙恒虎.高水速凝材料及其应用.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1994.孙恒虎，赵炳利，沿空留巷的理论与实践.北京:煤炭工业出版社，1993Sun,H.H.,Li,S.Q.,A study on the high-
20、water material-a new material.Proceedings of the Second Asia-Pacific Symposium on Advances in Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications,Beijing 1994,6,661-666.Sun,H.H.,Liu,W.Y.,Huang,Y.C.,Yang,B.G.,Use of high-water rapid-solidifying material as backfill binder and its application in metal mines.A
21、ustralasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series 1998,1,21-24.Sun,H.H.,Han,J.M.,Li,S.Q.,Application of tailing sand and water as backfill material in metal mines.11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining,The University of Wollongong,N.S.W.1992,7,438-442.孙恒虎，吴肇元，王志德.全
22、尾砂速凝固化充填采矿新工艺，中国矿业，1993,2(4):26-31.胡华，孙恒虎.矿山充填工艺技术的发展及似膏体充填新技术,中国矿业,2001,10(6):47-50.孙恒虎，刘文永，徐维瑞，等.全砂土固结充填材料、生产及使用方法,国家发明专利，申请号：99106222.1孙恒虎，黄玉诚，杨宝贵，当代胶结充填技术.北京:冶金工业出版社，2002.胡华，孙恒虎.矿山充填工艺技术的发展及似膏体充填新技术.中国矿业，10(6):47-50Sun,H.H.;Li,H.J.;Li,Y.;et al.,Establish of silica-alumina based cementitious system Sialite.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering.2004,33,S2,104-109.,32,33,Thank You!,孙恒虎 教授电话：010-62794811Email:,
