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1、Ian McHarg,Personal Brief Introduction,Ian McHarg was born in Scotland in 1920,fought in World War II,then studied landscape architecture and city planning at Harvard University from 1946 to 1949.After graduation,he worked and taught in Glasgow and Edinburgh,then returned to the United States in 195
2、4 as an assistant professor of city planning at the University of Pennsylvania.At the time of his arrival,the Department of Land and City Planning,founded in 1950,was the most exciting planning program in the country.In 1956,McHarg had founded a newly reinstated Department of Landscape Architecture,
3、for which he gradually built a faculty。In 1959,Ian McHarg introduced prominent scientists,humanists,and poets to landscape architecture by inviting them to speak in his course Man and Environment at the University of Pennsylvania.In 1969,he published Design with Nature,a f inalist for the National B
4、ook Award and a book that led to fundamental changes in the teaching and practice of landscape architecture。,Main LiteratureDesign With Nature,Background,KeywordBaroqueEnglish picturesque style of garden design Dominate and Destroy,Table of contents,City and Countryside 城市与乡村Sea and Survival 海洋与生存Th
5、e Plight 困境A Step Forward 前进一步The Cast and the Capsule 模子和囊膜Nature in the Metropolis 大城市地区内的自然On Values 社会准则A Response to Values 对社会准则的回应,The World is a Capsule 世界好比是一个宇宙舱Processes of Values 视发展过程为价值The Naturalists 自然主义者The River Basin 流域The Metropolitan Region 大城市地区Process and Form 发展过程和形式The City:
6、Process and Form 城市：发展过程和形式The City:Health and Pathology 城市：健康和病理Prospect 展望,Main Idea,KeywordHuman cooperation Biological partnership Build environmentNature,Primary coverage,EcologyNatural evoluion processEast and westNatural factorsAdaptationPopulation density and disease,Influence,Design With Na
7、ture was the first work of its kind“to define the problems of modern development and present a methodology or process prescribing compatible solutions Have an impact on a variety of fields and ideas,Main Related Works,the Plan for Baltimores Inner Harborthe Plan for the Valleys in Baltimorethe Plan
8、for Lower Manhattan in New York Cityenvironmentally-based master plans for Amelia Island Plantationand Sanibel Islands in Floridathe Richmond Parkway in Staten Island,New York,General Design Idea,McHargs emphasis is not on either design or nature by itself,but upon the preposition with,which implies
9、 human cooperation and biological partnership.,Influence,Geographic Information Systems(GIS)Ian McHarg is considered an important influence on the modern Landscape Architecture profession and land planning in particular.With his book Design with Nature,he popularized a system of analyzing the layers
10、 of a site in order to compile a complete understanding of the qualitative attributes of a place.This system became the foundation of todays Geographic Information Systems(GIS).McHarg would give every qualitative aspect of the site a layer,such as the history,hydrology,topography,vegetation,etc.GIS
11、software is ubiquitously used in the landscape architecture profession today to analyze materials in and on the earths surface and is similarly used by Urban Planners,Geographers,Forestry and Natural Resources professionals,etc.,he turned landcape architecture into a comprehensive subject,unified wi
12、th Ecology,anthropology,geography,etc.And He promoted landscape architecture as the instrument of environmentalism and helped shape national policy on the environment.,Landscap Architecture,What Can We Learn,After the study we have learned that landscape design is not only to build a beautiful place
13、,but also to heal the ecological system of a site,a city,a region and even the earth.We should design with a sense of responsibility for the environment and a respecting heart for the nature.Secondly,he has brought us a useful tool for landcape design-GIS.It will help us consider more comprehensivel
14、y about the site,making our design more scientific and economic.,.In Memoriam,Ian McHarg has passed away but his legacy lives on,as more than 1,500 former graduate students under the direction of McHarg have now moved on to become deans and department heads of learning institutions throughout the wo
15、rld,while others have become high placed people in both government and the private sector.As James Corner,chair and associate professor of landscape architecture and regional planning for the University of Pennsylvania summarized at his memorial service,“Ian McHarg was one of the great cultural figu
16、res in 20th century planning and design”He painted an incredibly rich and exuberant picture of the organic world and the various forms of life it continues to body forth,and from this he conjured up the vision for a more wholesome and productive world metropolis.”,THE END THANK YOU!,the Plan for Low
17、er Manhattan in New York City,After the Inner Harbor plan,Mayor John Lindsay and the city of New York retained WMRT in 1965 to prepare a master plan for the moribund Lower Manhattan district.The catalytic idea in the Lower Manhattan Plan was to develop a predominantly residential community on land c
18、reated by filling between the bulkhead and pier head lines at both Hudson and East Rivers,adjacent to the single-use commercial centers.Public walkways would be provided at the waters edge,linked by pedestrian ways to the centers and subway stations.The districts elevated expressways would be depres
19、sed.The Lower Manhattan Plan won the New York Municipal Art Societys Honor Award and was published in Progressive Architecture.The plan also established Wallace and his firm as the preeminent downtown planners and urban designers in the US for the next decade.,the Richmond Parkway in Staten Island,New York,back,
