《核辐射英语演讲ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《核辐射英语演讲ppt课件.ppt（22页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、,Make peace with the planet.,Even the spectacular nuclear disasters at Three-Mile Island and Chernobyl were far less serious as technical failures than they were in their ecological effects.即使三里岛和切尔诺贝利的核灾难在技术上的失败比起它们对于生态系统所造成的影响也小得多。,The Three Mile Island Accident,The Three Mile Island Accident,The
2、Three Mile Island Accident,The Three Mile Island Accident,The Three Mile Island Accident,three spectacular nuclear disasters,The Three Mile Island accident was a partial nuclear meltdown which occurred in one of the two Three Mile Island nuclear reactors in Dauphin County,Pennsylvania,United States,
3、on March 28,1979.It was the worst accident in U.S.commercial nuclear power plant history.The incident was rated a five on the seven-point International Nuclear Event Scale:Accident With Wider Consequences.,1.The Three Mile Island Accident,The power plant was owned and operated by General Public Util
4、ities and Metropolitan Edison(Met Ed).The reactor involved in the accident,Unit2,was a pressurized water reactor manufactured by Babcock&Wilcox.,Main Causes,当天凌晨4时0分0秒，三哩岛核电站95万千瓦压水堆电站二号反应堆一回路的给水主泵停转，汽轮机停机。备用泵按照预设的程序启动，但是由于辅助给水系统中隔离阀在此前的例行检修中没有按规定打开，导致辅助给水系统没有投入运行。,Consequences of stuck valve(隔离阀),T
5、he design of the PORV(减压阀)indicator light was fundamentally flawed.And the operators had not been trained to use it.The operators did not correctly diagnose the problemNuclear leak alarm did not attract the attention of operators,Human factors,Emergency Measures,Schools were closed and residents wer
6、e urged to stay indoors.Pregnant women and pre-school age children were emergency evacuation.Farmers were told to keep their animals under cover and on stored feedCleanup started in August 1979 and officially ended in December 1993,with a total cleanup cost of about$1 billion,Fifty miles around Thre
7、e Mile Island nuclear power plant,none of the 2200000 residents had the acute radiation reaction.在以三哩岛核电站为圆心的50英里范围内，220万居民中无人发生急性辐射反应。The average radiation dose to people living within ten miles of the plant was eight millirem.Eight millirem is about equal to a chest X-ray.周围居民所受到的辐射相当于进行了一次胸部X光照射的
8、辐射剂量。The accident has had no observable long term health effects 三哩岛核泄漏事故对于周围居民的癌症发生率没有显著性影响。Disease rates in areas further than 10 miles from the plant were never examined 三哩岛附近未发现动植物异常现象,当地农作物产量未发生异常变化。But the leak accident of nuclear power plant reactor No.two was seriously damaged,the direct eco
9、nomic loss one billion.但是泄漏事故造成核电站二号堆严重损毁，直接经济损失达10亿美元之巨。,Aftermath,The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian SSR.It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history,and it is the only one classif
10、ied as a level 7 event on the International Nuclear Event Scale.,2.The Chernobyl Nuclear Accident,Main Causes,Operating instructions and design deficiencies,Operator error initially faulted,The reactor had a dangerously large positive void coefficient.,A more significant flaw was in the design of th
11、e control rods that are inserted into the reactor to slow down the reaction.,The developers of the reactor plant considered this combination of events to be impossible and therefore did not allow for the creation of emergency protection systems capable of preventing the combination of events that le
12、d to the crisis.,The leakage radiation dust with air blowing into the western region of Soviet Union,Eastern Europe and The Nordic Scandinavian Peninsula.Ukraine,Belarus and Russia are the Most polluted.,Pollution scales,Aftermath,1)International spread of radioactive substances2)Radioactive release
13、3)Health of plant workers and local people4)Residual radioactivity in the environment,Map of radiation levels in 1996 around Chernobyl.,The Chernobyl accident killed more than 30 people immediately,and as a result of the high radiation levels in the surrounding 20-mile radius,135,000 people had to b
14、e evacuated.In 2006,The Other Report On Chernobyl pointed out there are about 4000 people will die from the excessive radiation.,The resultant release of radioactivity threatens many thousands of people all over Europe with cancer.Up to now,the malformation fetus(畸形儿)still birth due to the long-term
15、 effects of radioactive material.,The accident area is still contaminated and uninhabitable.,The once prosperous city has become a“ghost city”,Actions,April 26,1986,over 8 tons leakage of strong radiation.Unit 4 was subsequently reinforced concrete seal,the name sarcophagus,Sarcophagus has been in u
16、se for nearly 25 years,now it has been the appearance of cracks.Ukraine hopes in the sarcophagus on the installation of a 100-meter high steel arch,石棺“已使用了近25年，现在它已经出现裂缝，乌克兰希望在”石棺“上安装高100米的钢拱。,3.Japans nuclear leakage,TheFukushima Daiichi nuclear disasterwas acatastrophic failureat theFukushima I Nu
17、clear Power Planton 11 March 2011,resulting in ameltdownof three of the plants six nuclear reactors.It is the largest nuclear incident since the 1986Chernobyl disasterand the second(with Chernobyl)to measure Level 7 on theInternational Nuclear Event Scale.,Reflection,A free lunch is really a debt.When the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere,they are never canceled;damage is unavoidable.当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈的时候，这种债务将是永远无法消除的。,Make peace with the planet.,Thanks!,
