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1、总复习-阅读理解,物流英语,1 Forecasting demands p.66-67,Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service that customers will require in the future.It is important to all operations such as marketing,manufacturing,and logistics.*Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies,alloca
2、tion of sales force,pricing strategies,and market research activities.*Manufacturing forecasts determine production schedules,purchasing and acquisition strategies,and in-plant inventory decisions.*Logistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage.Demand forecasting enables managers t
3、o allocate their resources(budgets)effectively to meet demands.Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties.However,the company should undertake demand forecasting and communicate the results to other departments.Sophisticated computer models,trend analysis,sales force estimates,or ot
4、her methods can help develop such forecasts.,1:If you want to determine promotional strategies for you sales department,you should conduct a _ forecast.MarketingManufacturingLogisticsAll of the above2:Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties,this sentence means:Uncertainty can be
5、given through forecastingUncertainties cant be given through forecastingCertainties can be given through forecastingUncertainties cant be given through forecasting,3:The word“undertake”means _.PerformGoIncludeConsider,2:P.70 virtual warehouse,VW is a network to enable fast and accurate sharing of in
6、formation using advanced technologies such as computer network.The advantages include better accuracy,customer service,precise control of transportation and data analysis capabilities to anyone capable of using the virtual databases.The concept of virtual warehousing is not yet mature.It has been im
7、plemented partly at some of the electronics and telecommunications companies.Successful implementation of VW greatly depends upon advanced communication capabilities,efficient transportation alternatives and math to make stocking,communication and transportation decisions.,1:About VW,the wrong expre
8、ssion about it is _.Is a networkHas great advantagesNot commonly used nowadaysIs mature for adopting2:the meaning of“implementing”in this paragraph is similar to _.PlayEnableRequireConduct,3:To implementing the VW,which element is not unnecessary according to this paragraph?Advanced communicationEff
9、icient transportation alternativesMathCapital,3:Development of Green Logistics p.72,“Greenness”has become an increasing concern.The new field of logistics was an opportunity for the transportation industry to present a more environmentally friendly face.Many articles and research suggest how the env
10、ironment could be incorporated in the logistics industry.Recycling and disposal led to a new sub-sector of reverse logistics.This reverse flow involves the transport of waste and the movement of used materials.Reverse logistics is also called reverse distribution,reverse flow logistics and green log
11、istics.However,the logistics industry has been facing the critical issues such as pollution,congestion,and resource used up that the logistics industry is still not very“green”.,1:Greenness here means _.HealthyEnvironmentalRecycledReused2:Please choose from the wrong expression about the Greenness i
12、n logistics.Greenness is now an important concern for many operations of logistics.Reverse logistics belongs to environmental logistics.Logistics industry is still facing problems before they are green one.In logistics development,the environmental elements have not been taken into consideration.,3:
13、The word“critical”here means _.VitalCommonSeriousCrucial 至关紧要的,4:freight forwarder,Originally,a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading and unloading of goods,storage of goods,arranging local transport,obtaining payment for
14、 his customer,etc.However,the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.,Today,a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport.The services that a freight forwa
15、rder renders实施may often range from routine and basic tasks such as booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process.,1:According to this paragraph,the wrong expression is _.A freight forwarder was a commission age
16、nt on behalf of the exporter/importer.A freight forwarder perform only routine and basic tasks.A freight forwarder perform both basic and routine tasks and comprehensive services.A freight forwarder can replace the exporter and importer in international trade.,2:Which phrase can accurately tell the
17、main meaning of this paragraph?Freight forwarders functionsDefinition of freight forwarderFreight forwarders developmentFreight forwarders tasks3:About the development trend of freight forwarder,which one is right?Definitely developing into a carrierBecoming a third part between importer and exporte
18、rMore specialized in freight forwarding businessWill disappear soon,5:consolidation联合，合并,Consolidation or groupage means the assembly of small parcels of cargo from several consignors at on point of origin intended for several consignees at another point of destination,dispatching the parcels as one
19、 consolidated consignment to the consolidators agent at the destination and delivering them to their respective consignees.,Forwarders who act as groupage agent or consolidators deliver full container loads made up of individual LCL consignments to the carrier to take advantage of the FCLK tariff ra
20、tes.1:Consolidation may include below functions,which one is not possible?Goods collectionTransportationPackageMoney collection from importer,2:In above paragraph,consolidator may refer to _.ExporterCarrierTruckerImporter3:The right expression about consolidation is _.Can be forwarderMaking money by
21、 grouping LCL and FCLEnjoying the FCLK tariff ratesCan replace some functions of carrier,6：p.77 Transportation Strategies in International Trade,International transportation of goods can involve any of the five basic modes of transportation,although air and water carriage are perhaps the most import
22、ant.Motor,rail,and water carriage are the most important freight movement within nations.There can be significant differences between the transportation infrastructure environments of the United Stated and the European countries.,Managers of firms involved in international markets must be aware of t
23、he different transport services,costs and availability of transport modes in the countries where they trade their products.The differences between nations can be due to taxes,subsidies,regulations,government ownership of carriers,and other factors.1：please choose from the below items the one that no
24、t belong to basic mode of transportationWater carriageMotor carriageMultimodal transportPipeline transport,2:According to your knowledge,please pick out the wrong expression from the below four items.Motor carriage is the dominant transport mode in the USA.Motor carriage is the dominant transport in
25、 China.Rail transport is the dominant transport in China.In Europe,most freight are transported through water carriage.3:About multimodal transport,the wrong expression is _.Is also called combined transportInvolves at least 2 kinds of transport modesMust be international transportationHas different
26、 freight rates according to different modes of transportation.,7:p.80 supply chain management,An important new trend in supply chain management is the recovery,recycling,or reuse of products from the end user after they have reached the end of their useful life.Organizations are now extending their
27、distribution channels beyond the end customer to include the acceptance and“disassembly”of final products for reuse in new products.Organizations are seeking to“close the loop”and eventually transform used products into new products and/or materials that can be returned to the earth without harming
28、the environment.In other cases,organizations have developed extensive repair networks to handle warranty and quality problems that occur with products returned by customers.This function may include after-sales service functions,maintenance services,and other types of activities related to continual
29、ly satisfying the customer.Here again,organizations are actively working to improve their“reverse logistics”functions,to manage the flow of products and services moving backward through the supply chain.,1:Which sentence or short phrase accurately express the meaning of this paragraph?The new trend
30、of SCM.Distribution channels extending.Reverse logistics is an increasing concern.Organizations are developing extensive repair networks.2:Which element cannot push the development of reverse logistics according to this paragraph?Repair warrantyQuality problemsMaintenance servicesprocurement,3:The w
31、rong expression about reverse logistics is _.Reverse logistics deals with materials flowing from customers to suppliers.Is also known as“environmentally responsible logistics”Act a third part besides materials management and distribution The opportunity to implement reverse logistics is limited as i
32、t adds no value to any product.,8:p.80 supply chain management,All organizations are part of one or more supply chains.Whether a company sells directly to the end customer,provides a service,manufactures a product,or extracts materials from the earth,it can be characterized within the context of its
33、 supply chain.Until recently,nowever,organizations focused primarily on their direct customers and internal functions,and placed relatively little emphasis on other organizations within their supply chain network.However,three major developments in global markets and technologies have brought supply
34、 chain management to the forefront of managements attention:(1)The information revolution.(2)Customer demands in areas of product and service cost,quality,delivery,technology,and cycle time brought about by increased global competition.(3)The emergence of new forms of inter-organizational relationsh
35、ips.Each of these developments has fostered the emergence of an integrated supply chain approach.,1:Choose from below the organization who is not likely part of supply chain.WholesalerRetailerManufacturerGovernment2:If from the viewpoint of a focal firm,which one is not included in its supply chain?Internal functionsUpstream suppliersDownstream customersExternal functions,
