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1、现在完成时,时态的核心-动词,Studying aims,1.现在完成时的构成 2.现在完成时的主要用法 及相关的时间状语 3.短暂性动词与时间段的关系 4.have been 与have gone 比较 5.与一般过去时的用法比较,夏天还会远吗?will it still be far in summer?,春天已经来了,Spring has already come,主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）,助动词,无意义,现在完成时的结构,Winter has already come，,will it still be far in spring?,主语+have/has+过去分词（p
2、p）,否定形式 havent(have not）+过去分词 hasnt(has not)+过去分词,疑问句 把助动词 have/has 放在句首,现在完成时的结构,注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,（过去分词的变化规则参照动词过去式，少数不规则形式特殊记！）,You have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all the trees.,区别have 和 has的用法,主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has,过去分词的
3、变化规则有五种：,1、一般在动词原形后加-ed。例：look；looked；looked；call；called；called注意：-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d，-ed在t、d后发音为id neededni:did.2、以-e结尾的动词直接加-d。例：move；moved；moved；phone；phoned；phoned,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。例：study；studied；studied4、以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed。例：play；played；played5、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字
4、母，再加-ed。例：stop；stopped；stopped,不规则变化 原形 过去式 过去分词1.AAA型 cost cost cost2.AAB型 beat beat beaten3.ABA型 run ran run4.ABB型 sit sat sat,常用不规则过去分词be(am,is,are)(是）was,were beenbegin（开始）began begundrink（喝）drank drunkring（铃响）rang rungsing（唱）sang sungswim（游泳）swam swumblow（吹）blew blowndraw（画）drew drawn,fly（飞）fle
5、w flowngrow（生长）grew grownknow（知道）knew knownthrow（投掷）threw thrownshow（出示）showed shownbreak（打破）broke brokenchoose（选择）chose chosenforget（忘记）forgot forgotten(forgot)speak（说，讲）spoke spoken,总结,13,练习：把下列句子变否、变疑。1.We have seen the film.否：_ 疑：_2.He has heard of it before.否：_ 疑：_3.She has been here for two ye
6、ars.否：_ 疑：_,We havent seen the film.,Have you seen the film?,He hasnt heard of it befort.,Has he heard of it befort?,She hasnt been here for two year.,Has she been here for two year?,14,4.I have watched the TV play.否：_疑：_5.Jimmy has found his lost pen.否：_ 疑：_6.I have already had my supper.否：_ 疑：_,I
7、havent watched the TV play.,Have you watched the TV play?,Jimmy hasnt found his lost pen.,Has Jimmy found his lost pen?,I havent had my supper yet.,Have you had your supper yet?,15,(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.,现在完成时的主要用法,He has cut his hai
8、r.,A:_ your brother _ his homework yet?(finish)B:Yes,he s already done it.,Key words,Has finished,yet,already,注意：already 用于肯定句，yet 用于疑问句和否定句中,A:_ you ever _ to the park?(be)B:No,never.,Key words,Have been,yet,already,ever,never,注意：ever 曾经 用于疑问句中 never 从不 带有否定意义,I _ just _ the desk,you can take it to
9、 your classroom.(mend),Key words,have mended,yet,ever,never,just,already,Just 刚刚 与现在完成时连用 一般置句中Just now 刚才 与一般过去时连用,(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.,The girl has danced for 2 hours.,1.He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?.already.never.ever.Still2.Have you met Mr.Li _？.just.ago.
10、before.a moment ago3.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well.changed;good.has changed;better.changed;better,4.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know.had known.have known.Knew5.His father _ the Party since 1978.joined.has joined.was in.has been in6.Jim has neve
11、r seen a panda，_ he?A.does B.doesnt C.has D.hasnt,Tom _ in the school since he left school ten years ago.(work),Key words,has worked,since,since 后面带过去时间或有一般过去时的句子,A:How long _ you _ in this school?(teach)B:For 6 years.,Key words,have taught,since,for,+一段时间,We _ only _ 100 trees so far.(plant),Key wo
12、rds,have planted,so far,到目前为止,Key words,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,in the past 10 years,twice,也可以是其他表示次数的词,how long,现在完成时的用法,29,标志性时间状语,30,Some verbs cant often be used with for or since,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has bought the Huawei Phone for two years.
13、,had,Please point out any mistakes and correct,How long have you come to the Xian？,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,Mr.Zhang has gone to China since three months ago.,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have left Guangyuan for eight years.,been away for eight years.,
14、Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.,kept,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The film has begun for 10 minutes.,been on,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The concert has finished for half an hour.,been over,Please point out any mis
15、takes and correct,His dog has died for two years.,been dead,have lived,has been dead,has been on,42,43,for&since/for+时间段/since+过去时间点/间段+ago/“一过”句子练习1 填入动词的适当形式1.He _(not hear)from her since she _(leave)2.The war _(break)out last winter and _(continue)for nearly a year.3.We _(know)each other since we
16、 _(be)children.4.Mr.Yu _(teach)us maths since 1982.,hasnt heard,left,broke,has continued,have known,were,has taught,44,5.My friend Daming _(join)the League in 2009.He _(be)a League member for about two years.6.How long _ you _(be)in this town?7.-You look unhappy.Whats the matter?-I _(not hear)from R
17、ose for months.Im worried about her.8.Linda_(marry)since 2 years ago.,joined,has been,have been,havent heard,has been married,45,练习2选择题1.Mr.Brown _ in Beijing since 1993.A.workB.works C.workedD.has worked 2.-When did you borrow the English story-book?-I borrowed it last week.I _ it for a week.A.have
18、 bought B.have kept C.have borrowedD.had3.-How long have you _ China?-For three years.A.come back B.returned C.leftD.been away from,D,B,D,46,4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.A.has begunB.had begun C.has been onD.began5.-_ your sister _ in Greener China for a long time?-Yes,she _ it five years a
19、go.A.Did;join;joinedB.Has;joined;joined C.Has;been;has joined D.Has;been;joined6.Mr.Black _ China for many years.A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has come to,C,D,C,47,辨析 have been to和 have gone to,My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.他（已经）去了上海。,My father has been to Shanghai for a
20、 meeting.他（曾经）去了上海。,She has been to China.她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）,have been to someplace.曾经去过某地，已经回来has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来,She has gone to China last week.上周她去了上海。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）,can you distinguish?,去过某地已经回来常与ever,never,once,twice,连用,一直留在某地与for/since连用用how long 提问,去了某地还没回来只用于第三人称,Her sister _
21、 Thailand,She left this morning.,has gone to,can you distinguish?,去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用,在与时间段连用用how long 提问,去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称,A:How long _ you _ Xian?B:I _ here for eight years.,have been,have been in,can you distinguish?,去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用,在与时间段连用用how long 提问,去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称,A:_ yo
22、u ever _ the city?B:No,never.,Have been to,练习：单项选择1.Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei _ Harbin.A.have been to B.has been to C.have gone to D.has gone to 2.-Hello,this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr.Black?-Sorry.He _ the Xuanwu Lake Park.A.has been to B.went to C.has gone to D.will go to,B,C,52,3.-
23、Where is your father?-He _ to Australia on business.A.has been B.has gone C.went D.will go 4.-Jack,I havent seen your brother for a long time.-He _ Shanghai on business for two months.A.went to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has been to,B,C,53,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在
24、保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,The past tense or the present perfect tense,know,have known,knew,The past tense or the present perfect tense,saw,have,lost,The past tense or the present perfect tense,did,has finished,see,saw,现完和一过,58,1.-I _ Fujian Museum twice
25、.How about you?-Never.I hope to visit it soon.(2006福州)A.have gone to B.have been to C.have gone D.have been 2.-How do you like Hangzhou,Miss Read?-Sorry,I _ there.(2006温州)A.have gone B.have been C.havent gone D.havent been,经典真题,B,D,59,3.-How clean the bedroom is!-Yes,I am sure that someone _ it.(200
26、9 湖北武汉)A.cleans B.cleaned C.has cleaned D.had cleaned 4.Dad,can I watch TV now?I _ all my homework.(2009四川泸州)A.am doing B.have already done C.do D.will do 5.It _ ten years since my brother _ an English teacher.(2009北京)A.was;become B.was;have become C.has;have become D.has been;became,C,B,D,60,6.Tom
27、_ the USA.He _ back in two months.(2010 宿迁 19)A.has gone to;comes B.has gone to;will be C.has been to;comes D.has been to;will be 7.They _ about eight hundred English words by the end of this term.（09 广州 58）A.will learn B.has learned C.are going to learn D.have learned 8.The students in my class _ m
28、ore than 300 trees since 2008.（10 南京）A.plant B.plants C.have planted D.will plant,B,D,C,61,9.-Have you read these books?（09 辽宁）-Yes,I _ them three days ago.A.have done B.have read C.read D.did 10.Hi!I _ you gfor a long time.（09 南京)I _ in Beijin.Ive just come back.A.hadnt seen;am B.havent seen;shall
29、be C.didnt see;will be D.havent seen;was 11.How many times _ you _ to Beijing?I have been there three times.（09 江西）A.have;been B.did;go C.are;goingD.have;gone,C,D,A,62,12.-Is Runyang Bridge open to the public yet?（05 扬州）-Yes.It _ for almost one and a half months.A.has opened B.has being opened C.has
30、 been openD.was open 13.-Will you watch the World Cup match this year?（06 杭州）-No,but I _ several World Cup matches since I was a small child.A.had seen B.see C.was seeing D.have seen 14.The World Without Thieves is a very moving film.I _ it twice already.（05 陕西）A.will seeB.seeC.saw D.have seen,C,D,D,63,
