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1、Analyzing Learner Language,Unit 6,Analyzing Learner LanguageUnit,目录,6.1 Contrastive Analysis,6.2 Error Analysis,6.3 Learner Corpus Analysis,1 23目录6.1 Co,1.Try to consider the following questions and get answers to them:Does your teacher of English always make comparisons between English and Chinese
2、in his/her teaching in order to make us understand or remember what you learn?Do you often translate the new English words or sentences into Chinese in your learning?What types of errors do you make most often in your English learning?Why?Do you often analyze your errors in order to avoid them later
3、?2.Make a powerpoint presentation in which you give examples to show your understanding of the key concepts of this unit.,Pre-learning Tasks,1.Try to consider the followi,6.1 Contrastive Analysis,6.1.1 What is CA?6.1.2 Hypotheses of CA6.1.3 Procedures of CA6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,6.1 Contrastive Anal
4、ysis6.1.1,Contrastive analysis is a systematic method of comparing two or more languages or subsystems of languages in order to determine both the differences and similarities between them.,6.1.1 What is CA?,Contrastive analysis is a syst,1)The strong versionIt is possible to contrast the system of
5、one language(the grammar,phonology and lexicon)with the system of a second language in order to predict the difficulties which a speaker of the second language will have in learning the first language,and to construct reading materials to help her learn that language.2)The weak versionThis version r
6、equires that linguists only use the best linguistic knowledge available to them to account for observed difficulties in second language learning.It does not require the prediction of those difficulties,and conversely,of those learning points which do not create any difficulties.,6.1.2 Hypotheses of
7、CA,1)The strong version6.1.2 Hyp,The procedures of contrastive analysis follow four steps:1)Description:a formal description of the relevant features of each language compared;2)Selection:a selection of subsystems predicted to present difficulty in order to establish the comparability;3)Comparison a
8、nd contrast:the identification of areas of difference and similarity;4)Prediction:identification of possible areas to cause errors.1)Step One:Describing Relevant Features of Both Languages2)Step Two:Establishing Comparability3)Step Three:Comparison and Contrast,6.1.3 Procedures of CA,The procedures
9、of contrastive,CA has its own limitations.CA cannot predict errors in language learning.the strong version of CA is proved to be unfeasible.CA studies concentrated largely on grammatical aspects,the phonological level,the morphemic level and the syntactical level.There is practically little contrast
10、ive analysis above the sentence level,let alone the textual or discourse level.,6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,CA has its own limitations.6.,6.2 Error Analysis,6.2.1 What is EA?6.2.2 Procedures of EA6.2.3 Criticisms of EA,6.2 Error Analysis6.2.1 What,6.2.1 What is EA?,Error analysis is the method to deal wi
11、th intralingual factors in learners language.Error analysis aims to find out how well the learner knows the second language;find out how the learner learns the second language;obtain information on common difficulties in second language learning;serve as an aid in teaching or in the preparation and
12、compilation of teaching materials.,6.2.1 What is EA?Error analysi,6.2.2 Procedures of EA,Fig 6.1 Procedures of Error Analysis,6.2.2 Procedures of EAFig 6.1,a)Distinction between Error and Mistakeb)Identification of Errorsc)Description of Errorsd)Explanation of Errorse)Evaluation of Errorsf)Correctio
13、n of Errors,6.2.2 Procedures of EA,a)Distinction between Error a,1)Confusion of error description and error explanation2)Lack of precision and specificity in the error categories3)Inappropriate use of simplistic classifications for learners errors4)Too much attention to learners errors5)Overstressin
14、g production data6)Failure to capture L2 learning phenomena7)Failure to provide a complete view of L2 acquisition over time,6.1.4 Criticisms of CA,1)Confusion of error descript,6.3 Learner Corpus Analysis,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus?6.3.2 Approaches of Learner Corpus Analysis,6.3 Learner Corpus A
15、nalysis6.3,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus?,A learner corpus is defined as a large collection of texts of L2 learners spoken or written interlanguage.The corpus can be voice data or text data,depending on the research purpose.,6.3.1 What is a Learner Corpus,contrastive interlanguage analysisThe analy
16、sis involves comparisons between at least two corpora.CIA involves four major types of comparison:(1)comparison of native language and interlanguage;(2)comparison of different interlanguages;(3)comparison of interlanguages of different levels;(4)comparison of spoken and written interlanguages.2)comp
17、uterized error analysisComputer error analysis is a method which has developed from the traditional error analysis(EA)in applied linguistics studies.It avoids many of EAs problems and is now an important way to analyze L2 learners language output.The crucial difference between traditional EA and com
18、puter-aided error analysis lies in the fact that the latter allows for the full context to be presented,and does not only look into learners errors.,6.3.2 Approaches of Learner Corpus Analysis,contrastive interlanguage anal,Contrastive Analysis(CA)is a systematic method of comparing two or more lang
19、uages or subsystems of languages in order to determine both the differences and similarities between them.Error Analysis(EA)is the study of types,quantity and causes of errors that occurs in the modality,linguistic levels,forms,norm and system of the learners language.Contrastive Interlanguage Analy
20、sis(CIA)is the computerized method to study and compare at least two learner corpora in order to describe the patterns and errors of the learner.It has two methods:contrastive interlanguage analysis(CIA)and computerized error analysis(CEA).,Unit Wrap-up,Contrastive Analysis(CA)is a,Corder,S.P.(1981)
21、.Error Analysis and Interlanguage.Oxford:Oxford University Press.Gass,S,&L.Selinker,(2001).Second Language Acquisition:An Introductory Course.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.James,C.1988,Contrastive Analysis.Essex:Longman Group UK Ltd.Granger,S.2001,Learner Corpus on Computer,Oxford University Press.,Further Readings,Corder,S.P.(1981).Error An,Thanks！,Thanks！,
