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1、被动语态,语法专项,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,am/is/are+done was/we
2、re+done shall/will+be done should/would+be done am/is/are+being+done was/were+being+done have/has+been+done had+been+done,(二)各种时态下的被动语态,结构：be+过去分词,时态变化主要体现在be的变化上，以 do 为例，列表如下：,1.一般现在时 Simple Present,人人都喜欢她。她受人人喜欢。,Everyone likes her.She _ _ by everyone.,is,liked,2.一般过去时 Simple past,狗咬了他。他被狗咬了。,A do
3、g bit him.He _by a dog.,was bitten,河上将建一座桥。如果你违反法律，你就会受到惩罚。,A bridge _ over the river.If you break the law,you _.,will,will be punished,be,built,3.一般将来时,4.现在完成时,BP机(beepers)已经被手机所取代。这件事已经被遗忘了。,Beepers _by mobile phones.This matter _.,have,has,been,replaced,been,forgotten,5.现在进行时的被动语态,1.A stranger is
4、 following the girl.,The girl _ _ _ by a stranger.,is,being,followed,2.They are building a bridge over the river.,A bridge _ _ _ over the river(by them).,is,being,built,6.含情态动词的被动语态1.Parents should allow children to choose their clothes.(改为被动语态)Children to choose their clothes.2.The bike can(mend)in
5、 two days.,should be allowed,be mended,被 动 语 态 的 使 用,1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1）My a
6、unt invited me to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited(by my aunt)to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。,用被动语态改换下列各句：,1.My father will repair my bike for me.,My bike will be repaired by my father for me.,2.I have found my wallet.,My wallet has been f
7、ound.,3.She told me to wait here for her.,I was told to wait here for her.,Their classroom is being cleaned by the students now.,4.You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.,5.The students are cleaning their classroom now.,6.He gave me a
8、present.,I was given a present.,A present was given to me.,7.Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.,Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.,A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.,be+PP,被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,考点一:,1.Now English _ by more and more people all
9、 over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+PP,2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+PP,3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+PPbe g
10、oing to+be+PP,4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built,现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+PP,5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water,含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP,6-Did Shirley hold the party in her new house?-No,It_.A.has been painted B.was be
11、ing paintedC.is being painted D.painted,现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态：is/am/are/was/were+being+done,考点二:,被动语态中的特殊情况:,6.Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells,感官类系动词taste,sound,feel,smell,look等 和sell,drive,read,wash,lock,open等动词用主动语态表被动.,7.Many pe
12、ople _ during the earthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.died,belong to,happen,take place,come out,last,die等不及物动词不使用被动.,Great changes _ in the past few years.A.took place B.was taken place C.has taken place D.has been taken place We knew the writer whose books _ last year.(出版）,came out,9.Childr
13、en should _.A.take good care of B.be taken good care C.be taken good care of,固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词,The old should _ politely.speak B.speak to C.be spoken B.be spoken to,10.Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repair,need,want,require,deserve 等动词可以用-ing形式表示被动need to be done=need doin
14、gdeserve to be done=deserve doing,1.He put his hand on the surface of the stone.It_ cold.A.felt B.left C.is felt D.feels In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served,练习,3.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _ well and _ already.A.sell,have bee
15、n sold out B.sold,had sold out C.sell,sell out D.are sold,have been sold out4.The train _ arrive at 11:30,but it was an hour late.A.was about to B.was likely to C.was supposed to D.was certain to,5.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away6.M
16、y shoes _.I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B.wore out C.were worn off D.were worn out,7.That kind of shirts _ cotton.A.is made from B.are made from C.is made of D.are made of8.Rice _ in South China.A.growing B.is grown C.are grown D.is grow,9.All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed,10.Some of the hotels in my hometown _.A.have now been rebuilding B.are now rebuilding C.are now being rebuilt D.are rebuilt now,Thank you!,
