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1、“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”,“想象力比知识更重要。”-Albert Einstein,Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题,Course Objective:课程目标：To develop techniques for resolving work based problems in a creative and innovative way.以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决工作中问题的技巧。,You will learn:To identify clearly objectives to be ach
2、ieved.清楚地了解要取得的目标The barriers to problem solving 解决问题的障碍How to develop a problem-solving model 如何发展一种解决问题的模式,Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题,You will learn:To improve problem solving skills by the use of the fishbone and why-why techniques.利用鱼骨法和为什么-为什么法提高解决问题的技巧How to develop a decision-making mode
3、l 如何发展一种决策模式How to develop creative and internal thinking 如何发展创造性和内在思维,Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题,How to Perceive Problems?如何看待问题？,There are no problems.没有问题。Every problem is an opportunity in disguise.每一个问题都是一个潜在的机会。,What is a problem?问题是什么？,“It is a gap between a current and a desired state”问
4、题就是目前的情况和你渴望得到的状态之间的差距。,It is a barrier,obstacle,restrain,etc.that hinders smooth progress,reduces effectiveness and requires analysis before action is taken.问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制，它阻碍着事情的顺利发展，使我们在行动之前减少对有效性及需求的分析。,Creative Problem-solving Model 创造性解决问题模式7 步,1.Problem Finding(Problem definition)发现问题（问题的定义）2.
5、Fact Finding(Problem description)找到事实根据（问题的描述）3.Cause&Effect Analysis(Problem Analysis)因果分析（问题的分析）4.Problem Statement问题的表述5.Imaginative Idea Production(Identify solutions)产生富有想象力的办法(找到解决办法)6.Idea Screening(Verification of solution 筛选各种想法（确认解决办法）7.Implementation Plan 实施计划,Problem Finding发现问题,Symptoms
6、 症状,Problems 问题,The Real Problesms真正的问题,1.Problem Finding 发现问题,Bank declined the loan request 银行拒绝了你的贷款要求,Bank thinks that you have no debt paying ability银行认为你没有还债能力,Bank learns that your company made a large investment in a project wihich has not been completed 银行获悉你的公司在一个尚未完成的项目上投入了大笔资金,One of you
7、r competitors made up the rumour that your company suffered a great loss in that project你的一个竞争对手散布谣言说你的公司在那个项目上损失巨大,Identify the Problem 找出问题,3.Cause-and-Effect Analysis 因果分析,The“Fishbone Diagram”“鱼骨图”The“Why-Why Diagram”“为什么-为什么分析法图”,Analyzethe Problem 分析问题,Steps to Develop a Fishbone Diagram 发展鱼骨分
8、析法的步骤,Identify the effect 明确现象Identify the major cause categories明确主要原因的种类Brainstorm the possible caues of the problem 对产生问题的可能原因进行集思广益Assess each major cause category评定每个主要原因的种类Reach an agreement on the most likely cause(s)在最可能的原因上取得一致意见,Fishbone Diagram鱼骨分析图,IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加,Possible“Ca
9、use”Categories可能的“原因”种类,People,Places,Policies&Procedures(4 Ps)人、地点、政策及程序Suppliers,Skills,Systems&Surroundings(4 Ss)供应商、技巧、系统及环境Methods,Materials,Machines(3Ms)方法、原料、设备和人#You can have any categories that suit your needs 你可能有适合你需要的别的分类,IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加,Fishbone Diagram-Cause Categories鱼骨法分析
10、原因种类,Place地点,Procedure程序,People人,Policies政策,Building A Fishbone Diagram勾画一幅鱼骨图,IncreasedProduct cost产品成本增加,Raw materialprice increased原材料价格上涨,Land use rent increased土地租金上涨,Electricitycost increased电的成本增加,Transportationcost increased运输成本增加,Bank interestrate increased银行利率上升,Labour wages increased劳动工资增
11、长,Drawing A Why-Why Diagram画一幅为什么-为什么分析图,WHY?,WHY?,WHY?,4.Problem Statement 阐述问题,Stated in short and precise words 以简短和准确的语言陈述Clear and unambiguous 清晰而不含糊Defined in terms that will assist in the measurement of the outcome 按照有助于衡量结果的方式阐述问题,5.Imaginative Idea Production 展开想象，产生主意,Brainstorming 集思广益Tri
12、gger Sessions 举一反三Scenario writing or scenario daydreaming 场景写作或场景幻想Suggestion schemes 建议方案,GenerateSolutions产生解决办法,Brainstorming集思广益,Brainstorming is a technique to encourage group creativity:this process allows you to use the right brain which is the creative part when compared to the logical thin
13、king left brain.集思广益是一种鼓励小组创造性的技巧：这一过程让你运用右脑的创造性功能，而不是左脑的逻辑思维。,The Rules of Brainstorming集思广义之规则,Go for Quantity 追求数量Postpone Judgement 不急于判断,Two types of brainstorming:集思广益的两种类型：,Freewheeling:Share ideas all at once and list all ideas as they are“shouted out”.随心所欲式：大家座在一起立刻分享主意，并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。Roun
14、d Robin:Everyone takes a turn offering an idea,anyone can pass on any turn,all continue until there are no more ideas and all ideas are listed as they are offered.循环式：每个人依次提供一个主意，任何人也可随时插入主意，这样，一直循环直到没有主意再产生，同时这期间大家提供的所有主意应该被列出来。,The process of a brainstorming session:集思广益方法：,Dont edit what is said
15、and remember not to criticise ideas 不要改变或纠正别人所说的，并记住不要批评任何创意。Go for quantity of ideas at this point;narrow down the list later 在这一阶段追求的是创意的数量，以后再缩减创意列单。encourage wild or exaggerated ideas(creativity is the key)鼓励疯狂而夸张的创意(创造性是关键)Build on the ideas of others(e.g.,one member might say something that sp
16、ark another members ideas)抛砖引玉(例如，可能某个人说出的某个主意突然就点燃了另一个人创意的火花。),Creative Thinking创造性思维,What blocks creativity?是什么阻碍创造性？What encourages creativity?是什么激励创造性？,The Four Barriers to Creativity-BARS 阻碍创造性的4个障碍,B,Brain Activity 脑力活动Assumptions That Arent True 不正确的假设Routines 常规Skepticism 怀疑论,A,R,S,Enviromen
17、talChange 环境改变Competition 竞争Lack of precedence没有先例Required by Leaders 被领导要求Increaseorganisationaleffectiveness 提高工作的有效性,Emphasis onmanagerial control 强调管理控制Short-term thinking 短期考虑Over-analysis of ideas对想法的分析过多Pressure to domore with less工作太多，压力大，没有时间多考虑,Creativity创造性,Factors pushing for creativity
18、促进创造性的因素,Factors pushingagainst creativity阻碍创造性产生的因素,Creative Thinking Technique创造性思维的技巧,Brainstorming 脑力风暴 Thinking Languages 思想语言Irrelevant Origins 无关根源Relabeling 重新命名Netwons Third Law牛顿第3定律Analogies比喻,Creative Thinking创造性思维,Brainstorming 集思广益De Bonos Six thinking hats De Bono的六顶思考的帽子,Six Thinking
19、 Hats 六顶思考的帽子by Edward de Bono,Emotions:情感Speculation:思索Creativity:创造,The“Hat”you wear affects how you 你戴的“帽子”将影响你的,think 思考act 行为feel 感觉relate to others 与别人的关系,Emotions-The White Hat情感白帽子,Objective/No emotion 客观的/无情感色彩Focuses on facts&figures 注重事实和数字Judgement not based on feelings 不是靠感觉来作判断,Emotion
20、s-The Red Hat情感红帽子,Emotion oriented 情感导向No Justification Needed 无需正当理由Intuition or“Hunches”are legitimised 直觉或“预感”都是合理的,Speculation-The Black Hat思索黑帽子,Negative disposition 消极的性格倾向Pessimistic in outlook 对前途悲观Finds problems&faults in all ideas对任何主意都要找出问题和错误Cautious 谨慎,Speculation-The Yellow Hat思索黄帽子,P
21、ositive disposition 积极的性格倾向Optimistic orientation 乐观倾向Explores the benefits&opportunity in ideas 探索创意中的利益和机会Feasible/why it could work 切实可行的/为什么它有用,Creativity-The Blue Hat创造蓝帽子,Organised&controlled 有组织的和可控制的Cool&clear thinking 冷静及清晰的思考Questions are focused 专注问题Rules are followed 遵循规则Synthesis(builds
22、&pulls together)合力（齐心协力，共同建造）,Creativity-The Green Hat创造绿帽子,Creative Thinking 创造性思维Provocative 煽动性Generation of new ideas 新主意的产生Seeks alternatives 寻求可供选择的办法,Six Thinking Hats六顶思考的帽子,Pure Facts纯事实,PureEmotions纯情感,Negative消极的,Positive积极的,Focus专注,Creative创造,6.Idea Screening 筛选各种想法,Force-field Analysis
23、力量分析The“How-How Diagram”怎样怎样分析,VerifySolutions验证解决办法,Force Field Diagram is an analysis tool that is used力量分析是一种分析工具，可用于,Identify obstacles to reaching a goal 找出达到目标的障碍 Identify possible causes&solutions to a problem 找出问题的可能的原因及解决办法 Individual or team is unable to proceed any further 个人或团队无法进一步前进,Fo
24、rce Field Diagram力量分析图,Current Situation:目前情况Goal 目标:,Situation情况,Goal目标,Worse更糟,(Driving Forces)动力,(Restraining Forces)阻力,Force Field Diagram力量分析图,Current Situation:Stocks levels 25%too high目前情况：大大高于库存标准25Goal:Reduce stock levels by 25%目标：减少库存标准到25,Goal目标,Worse更糟,Force-field Analysis力量分析,学生数量增加,.,动
25、 力,.,好的教学设施,灵活的学习方式,课程的质量,竞争增加,行政人员缺乏经验,政府资助的取消,阻 力,Idea Screening筛选各种想法,How-How Diagram 怎样-怎样分析图Assists in the implementation process 有助于完成程序Follows the Why-Why thinking process 遵循“为什么-为什么”思考程序,The How-How Diagram怎样-怎样分析图,给银行提供日期,举行一个新闻发布会,怎样,怎样,7.Implementation Plan 实施计划,Preparation 准备Execution 执行
26、Check 检查,Implementthe solution实施解决办法,Implementation Plan 实施计划:Preparation 准备,Identify your target audience 明确你的目标听众Sell the benefits of your solution 讲出你的解决办法的好处Explain&communicate effectively解释并有效沟通Involve all concerned to overcome resistance 涉及所有有关的，克服阻力。,Implementation Plan 实施计划-Execution 执行,Set
27、goals&deadlines 设立目标及最终期限Establish who will do what,when&how 确定谁做什么，何时，怎样做Motivate members 激励成员Have contingency plans 有预防突发事件的计划,Implementation Plan 实施计划-Verification 验证,Have objectives been achieved?已经达到目标了吗？Has the problem been solved totally?问题完全解决了吗？,FishboneDiagram鱼骨分析法,Problem(s)问题,Brainstormi
28、ng集思广益,Why-Why为什么-为什么,Implementation实施,Force Field/How-How力量分析法怎样-怎样分析,SolutionScreening解决办法筛选,Creative Problem Solving创造性解决问题,Expanding the Boundaries of the Term Measuring Cup,4.Any container with a known volume that would hold liquid.,3.Any container with volumemarkings that would hold liquid.,2.
29、Any type of measuring cup-glass,plastic,or metal.,1.Clear glass pitcher with red markings.,Supplemental Brainstorming Procedures,Keep the problem statement narrow and specific.Encourage off-the-wall and provocative ideas.Encourage people to piggyback on each others ideas.Welcome and record all ideas
30、,even those that may have been tried previously.Record the actual words people use,without interpretation.Write all ideas where people can see them.,Force-field Analysis力量分析,Increase the number of student intake,Qualitycourses,Flexiblemode of study,.,Goodteachingfacilities,Driving forces,Governments
31、withdrawalof grant,Lack of experienced admin staff,.,Increasedcompetition,Restrainingforces,The How-How Diagram怎样-怎样分析图,Provide dateto the Bank,Hold a pressconference,HOW,HOW,2.Fact Finding 找到事实根据,“A Diagnostic Checklist”诊断清单What?Why?When?How?Where?Who?,Describe the Problem 描述问题,The“Fishbone Diagram”is analysis tool to“鱼骨分析法”是一种分析工具，可以,Categorise the many potential causes of a problem or issue将问题的多种潜在原因进行分类Analyse what is really happening in a process 分析过程中真正发生的事Teach individuals or teams about current processes&procedures帮助个人或团队了解目前的方法和程序,
