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1、Grammar,The present perfect,Travelling is fun for me.,I have been to,the Forbidden City,the Great wall,I have visited,the Temple of Heaven,the Summer Palace,Tiananmen Square,I have stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks.,I have been to the Great wall and the Forbidden City.I have visited the Summer Palace an
2、d the Temple of Heaven.I have stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks.,The present perfect,To Compare,She did homework yesterday.(she doesnt need to do her homework now.)She has already done her homework.,do/does-did-done,She had her breakfast just now.她刚才吃了早饭。(She is not hungry now.她现在不饿。)She has just had he
3、r breakfast.她刚吃过早饭。,To Compare,have/has-had-had,To Compare,The elephant helped me a lot a moment ago.(I can drive my car now.)The elephant has just helped me a lot.,help-helped,I didnt sing an English song in the singing competition last week.（I still remember the thing now.）I havent sung an English
4、 song in the singing competition yet.,To Compare,sing-sang-sung,We began to study here last year.(We still study here now.)We have studied here for more than one year.,study-studied,He began to be interested in playing computer games when he was born.(He is still interested in it now.)He has been in
5、terested in playing computer games since he was born.,be-was/were-been,1.现在完成时的概念,1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2）表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。E.g.He has learned English since 2001.,past,now,future,现在完成时,一般过去式,现在进行时,一般将来时,learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned,be-was/were-been,introduce-introduced,have/has-had-
6、had,make-made-made,eat-ate-eaten,see-saw-seen,come-came-come,build-built-built,break-broke-broken,lose-lost-lost,read read-read,take-took-taken,live-lived,plant-planted,know-knew-known,sing-sang-sung,study-studied,help-helped,do/does-did-done,plan-planned,Ready?,规则动词过去式、过去分词变化规则：workworked,worked1）一
7、般在动词词尾加ed。change-changed,changed2）如果动词以字母e结尾，直接在词尾加d。plan-planned,planned3）如果动词是一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 单词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。carry-carried,carried 4）如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾，要变y为i 再加ed。,不规则动词：一、原形、过去式和过去分词相同的动词（A、A、A型）cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read,2.（A、B、B型）b
8、ring-brought-broughtbuy boughtboughtmeet metmet build-built built catch-caught-caught feel felt felt find found found keep kept kept leave left left make made-made,3.（A、B、A型）becomebecamebecome comecamecome runranrun,4.（A、A、B型）beatbeatbeaten,5）（A、B、C型）beginbeganbegun blowblewblown breakbrokebroken do
9、/does did done drink drank drunk eat ate-eaten fall-fell fallen give-gave given go went gone know knew known write-wrote-wirrten,学案Write down past tense and past participle of the following verbs.（写出下例动词的过去时和过去分词）,work rain lovechange stop plan drop study carry,read teach see feel buildleave think w
10、rite do,worked worked,rained rained,loved loved,changed changed,stopped stopped,planned planned,dropped dropped,studied studied,carried carried,read read,taught taught,saw seen,felt felt,built built,thought thought,wrote written,did done,left left,一.结构1.肯定句:have/has+p.p.(过去分词)2.否定句:have/has+not+p.p.
11、(过去分词)3.一般疑问句:Have/Has 提到句首Yes,have/has.No,havent/hasnt.,I have eaten lunch.,She has eaten lunch.,He has eaten breakfast.,肯定句:主语+have/has done+宾语+其他。,They have eaten supper.,我已经吃了午饭。(eat-ate-eaten),她已经吃了午饭。(eat-ate-eaten),他已经吃了早饭。(eat-ate-eaten),他们已经吃了晚饭。(eat-ate-eaten),I have not(=havent)seen the f
12、ilm.,She has not(=hasnt)seen the film.,I havent eaten supper.He hasnt changed his idea.My mother hasnt come back home.,否定句:主语+have not(havent)+done+宾语+其他。三单主语+has not(hasnt)+done+宾语+其他。,我没有看过这部电影。(see-saw-seen),她没有看过这部电影。(see-saw-seen),我还没有吃晚饭。(eat-ate-eaten),他还没有改变他的主意。(change-changed),我妈妈还没有回来。(co
13、me-came-come),Ive already had dinner.I _ _ dinner _.2.He has just finished his homework.He _ _ his homework _.3.Mums cooked the dinner.Mum _ _ the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Susan _ _ English at school.,havent,had,yet,hasnt,finished,yet,hasnt cooked,hasnt,learned,把下列句子改为否定句,Have you h
14、ad breakfast?No,I havent.,Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes,I have.Has she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m?No,she hasnt.,一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+过去分词+宾语+其他？回答：Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+havent/hasnt.,你吃早饭了吗？不，没有。(have-had-had),你认识Sandy很长时间了吗？是的。(know-knew-known),自早上九点钟以来她吃过东西了吗？不，她没有。(eat-ate-eaten),Ive a
15、lready had dinner.2.He has just finished his homework.3.Mums cooked the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.,Have you had dinner yet?,Has he finished his homework yet?,Has mum cooked the dinner?,Has Susan learned English at school?,把下列句子改为一般疑问句,Ive=I have,Mums=Mum has,Susans=Susan has,Lets rea
16、d them!,I have seen Avatar.,She has already written 3 books.,I havent seen the movie yet.,Have you ever seen a sign like this?,I have never seen a kangaroo.,How long have you studied in Huangguang Middle School Guangzhou Branch?,肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句,特殊疑句,现在完成时的代言词：1.already（已经）/just（刚刚）：用于肯定句中2.yet（还）:用于否定
17、句和疑问句句尾3.ever（曾经）：用于疑问和否定句中。4.never（从不）:表示否定,以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times）,自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。,二、用法 1、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果-Would you like some bread?-No,thanks.I have just had my breakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)常与副词
18、 just（刚刚）,already,before,yet（一般 疑问：已经；否定句：还),never,ever等连用。I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句I
19、have already posted the letter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚)They have just left.ever(曾经)Have you ever been to Beijing?never(从不)I have never seen him.before(以前)Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来)Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达)Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 y
20、ears.in the past several days/weeks/years(在过去的)recently(最近)I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止)So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年),already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。e.g.1.Tomhasalreadyfinish
21、edhiswork.2.Tomhasntfinishedhisworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?,2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（一段时间）,since（时间点）引导的时间状语 连用。此外还可以与 so far,in the last ten years,by now,these days等连用。I have been here for about 5 years.He has worked here since 1989.,I havent seen her these day
22、s.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.Great changes have taken place in the last 10 years.,for和since的运用 for“经历(时间段)”since“自从以来”for时间段 since时间段 ago since时间点 since从句,1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3ocloc
23、k.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.,练一练：用for和since填空。,_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday,_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I(teach)Enghish in thi
24、s school since 1997.2.Lilei(keep)the library book for five days.3.Kate(see)her grandmothers photo before.4.So far,we(build)thousands of Buildings in Fuzhou.5.I(be)to Beijing already.,have built,have been,has kept,have taught,has seen,注意点一:since 的用法1.+具体的过去时间 since 2008 since since last Sunday+ago si
25、nce two years ago+句子(过去时)2.It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句.(自从某事发生已有一段时间了.)It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.,注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段的短语连用。这些动词是：buy,borrow,become,begin,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述相同的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代
26、替短暂性动词。如：我买这个手机有三年了。I bought the cellphone 3 years ago.I have had the cellphone for 3 years.,have met,have played,has cooked,have studied,have seen,havent visited,havent done,用法小窍门：描述过去的动作，若句中有yesterday,last week,three days ago,in 1996等过去时间就一定用一般过去时。若 没有常用现在完成时。所以When问句不能用现在完成时。A：Have you finished y
27、our homework yet?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you finish it?B:Yesterday evening.,二、用never,ever,already,just,yet,for填空：1.I have _ seen him before,so I have no idea about him.2.Jack has _ finished his homework.3.Mr.Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4.“Have you _ seen the film?”“No,I have _ seen it
28、.”5.“Has the bus left _?”“Yes,it has _ left.”,never,already/just,for,ever,never,yet,just/alreay,already(已经)肯中yet(已经)问否尾just(刚刚)肯中ever(曾经)问中 never（从不）,1)We have lived here _ 2001.2)I have been a teacher _ ten months.3)They have known each other _more than five years.4)I have been at this school _ six
29、years ago.5)She has sent some information to Tom_ Tom went to school.6)I will stay in the hotel _ a week.,since,for,for,since,since,for,Fill in the sentences with for or since.,for+时间，since+过去时间，since+过去句子,Sentence Pattern 句式,So far we have planted many trees.He has just come back.They have already
30、built many buildings in this city.Someone has just broken the window.I have already lost the key.I havent read that book yet.,现在完成时的用法:翻译大比拼1,1.到目前为止我们已经植了很多树。（planted),2.他刚刚回来。(come-came-come),3.他们已经在这个城市建了很多楼。(build-built-built),4.有人刚刚打破了窗户。(break-broke-broken),5.我已经丢了钥匙。(lose-lost-lost）,6.我还没有读那本
31、书。(read-read-read),She has learned English for 5 years.We havent seen each other for a long time.She has been here since 1989.I have been here since five months ago.Great changes have taken place since you left.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.,现在完成时的用法:翻译大比拼2,1.他学英语已经学了5年了。(learn-learnt-le
32、arnt),2.我们很长时间没相互见面了。(see-saw-seen),3.自从1989年以来她就在这。(be-was/were-been),4.自从5个月前我就在这。(be-was/were-been),5.自从你离开以来就发生了很大的变化。(take-took-taken),6.自从他出生以来他就生活在北京。(live-lived),过去分词的构成,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have b
33、een in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,比较have been to/in和have gone to,He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,（他可能在去上海的路上，或是已到上海，反正人现在不在说话现场）,（他现在已经不在上海了）,He has been in Shanghai for many years.他在上海很多年了。,（他现在在上海或许将来还在）,have/has been(to)have/has gone(to),-,-Where is your fath
34、er?-He isnt here now.He _ _ to work.,2.-Have you travelled abroad?-Yes,I _ _ to America twice.,has gone,have been,用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.Where _ you _ these days?H
35、as Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,Further study,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick 参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has
36、died for 2 years.,Nick has joined the army for 3 years.,He has left Shenzhen for along time.,I have borrowed the book for 4 months.,X,X,X,X,实义动词分为:1)瞬间动词(die,join,leave,borrow等)2)延续动词(wait,know,learn 等),注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,当句子包含的时间状语含有since和for时，动作必须用延续性动词。,I have bought the book for a week.I have had
37、the book for a week.,buy是短暂性动词,have是延续性动词,非延续性动词又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词-不能和一段时间连用,延续性动词-可以和一段时间连用,They have come here for two days.,They have been here for two days.,be是延续性动词,come是短暂性动词,实义动词分为:1)瞬间动词 2)延续动词,瞬间动词,注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换,come/go be(in)leave be away(from)borrow keep buy havedie be dead ge
38、t to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married-be married catch a cold-have a coldfall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of,method 2:,It is+时间段 since+一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick 参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 y
39、ears since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book.,练一练,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks.()2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.(),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive _ the bike _ tw
40、o years.,4.He left Nanjing two years ago.He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,5.The monkey died last month.The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,had for,has been away from,has been dead,注意点三：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterd
41、ay,last night,two weeks ago等。牢记:when 不与现在完成时连用。,Put the following sentences into English.A:火车已经开走了。B:什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的。2.A:你看过这部电影吗?B:看过。A:什么时候看的？B:上周星期天看的。,A:The train has left.,B:When did it leave？,A:It left half an hour ago.,A:Have you seen the film?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you see it?B:I saw it
42、 last Sunday.,试比较：,Choose the best answer,1 What a nice watch！How long _ you _ it？Just three weeks A will，buy B did，buy C have，had2 you _in Greener China for a long time？Yes，I joined it five years ago A Have，been B Has，joined C Have，joined3 Teacher Li Japan，he_ Japan for two years.A has been to，has
43、been to B has gone to，has been in C has gone to，has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hour A has left B has been away C has gone away5 I this book for two days，I have to return it now A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept,（C）,（A）,（B）,（B）,（C）,6-When you your
44、 old friend?-The day before yesterday.A will,visit B did,visit C have,visited7 Mrs White _ in this school since she came here.A teaches B taught C has taught8 No children_ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday.A have played B played C playing9-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not
45、at all,I _ here only for a few minutes.A was B have been C will be10 His grandfather since 1936.A died B has died C has been dead,（B）,（C）,（A）,（B）,（C）,现在完成时 vs.一般过去时,I have studied History for two years.I had a History lesson yesterday.I have learnt a lot about Greek history.I read the story of the T
46、rojan War last week.,We use(the present perfect tense/the simple past tense)to talk about a past experience which has a connection to the present.We use(the present perfect tense/the simple past tense)to talk about a completed action in the past.,I have lost my watch.,I lost my watch.,-,现在完成时表示过去发生的
47、某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调与现在的关系,不能够与in1998,three days ago 和just now 等明确的过去的时间状语连用.,一般过去时只是表示动作是发生在过去,和现在并没有什么直接与必然的联系,因此一般过去是可以和表示明确的过去的时间状语连用.,现在完成时 vs.一般过去时,Read and complete,B1 Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story“The Trojan horse”.Complete it with the correct
48、 tenses of the verbs in brackets.,have gone,left,came,have tried,have won,have left,didnt take,B2 Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.,bought,went,opened,never been,have,visited,have seen,bought,have read,拓展句型,for+时段=since+时间点 It has been+时间段+since+过去时态的句子。时间段+h
49、as passed+since+过去时态的句子。Eg.She has learned English for 5 years.=She has learned English since 5 years ago.=It has been 5 years since she began to learn English.=Five years has passed since she began to learn English.,小试牛刀,写出下列句子的同义句，句数不限：1.We havent seen each other for a long time.2.She has been her
50、e since 1989.3.I have been here since five months ago.4.Great changes have taken place since you left.5.He has lived in Beijing since he was born.,学案练习,Grammar学案现在完成时的用法：观察一：Now we have planted all the trees.He has just come back.They have built many buildings in this city.表示到现在为止 _或 _的动作。观察二：Someon
