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1、初中英语语法主谓一致,讲解人：韩旭,一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则,一、语法一致原则,（1）主语为单数时，谓语用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.,（2）动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语，分指两个或两个以上动作时，谓语动词用复数形式。To see _（is/are）to believe.Doing eye exercises _（is/are）good for your eyes.L
2、ying and stealing（is/are）immoral.,（3）由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Both he and I are right.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher _（is/are）coming.The writer and the teacher _（is/are）coming.A knife and fork _（is/are）on the
3、table.,（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。In our country every boy and every girl（has/have）the right to receive education.Each man and each woman（is/are）asked to help.,（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher with his students(is/are)going to visit the museum
4、.Nobody but two boys(is/are)late for class.,（6）each,either,neither,another,the other，some,any,no,every作主语或构成的复合代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them(has/have)an English dictionary.Neither answer is correct.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.,（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scisso
5、rs 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Where my shoes?Your trousers dirty.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。Here(is/are)some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks(is/are)on the bed.,（8）不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Some
6、thing(is/are)wrong with the bike.Nobody（was/were）in.(Is/Are)everyone here today?,二、意义一致的原则,（1）指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.,（2）表时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等复数名词作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。Two months _（is/are）a
7、long holiday.Twenty pounds _（is/are）not so heavy.Ten miles _（is/are）not a long distance.Five minus four _（is/are）one.,（3）family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。His family _（is/are）not large.My family all _（like/likes）watching TV.,（4）people、police、cattle、youth等没有复数标记
8、但用作复数的集体名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。People here（is/are）very friendly.The youth（is/are）having a meeting.,（5）当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like，rather than,including,等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father _（has/have）been to Engla
9、nd.Mike,like his brother,_（enjoy/enjoys）playing football.The students as well as the teacher _（was/were）present at the meeting,（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。All of the work been finished.All of the people have gone.m
10、ore than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student _（has/have）ever been to Beijing.,（7）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?,（8）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。It is said that 35 percent of the doc
11、tors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth.sea.,（9）half,the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。I have read a large part of the book,the rest(is/are)more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest（is/are）off sick.,（10）由what 引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形
12、式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。What she said（is/are）correct.What she left me（is/are）a few old books.,（11）以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,mathematics,physics politics等 No news（is/are）good news.Mathematics(is/are)very popular in our class.,（12）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor(is/are)very ha
13、ppy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful(live)forever.,三、就近一致的原则,指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk.,（1）由连词or,eitheror,neither nor,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。Eit
14、her you or I（am/is/are）right.Neither the children nor the teacher（know）anything about it.,（2）在“There be”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There（is/are）two apples and one egg in it.There _（is/are）a book and three pens on the desk.Here _（is/are）some books and paper for you.,.由or,eitheror，neithernor not onlybut also，no
15、tbut连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I（am/is/are）going.Neither you,nor I,nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he（is/are）ready to leave.,1.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand2.Either of you _ going there
16、 tonight.A.will B.was C.is D.are 3.You as well _ right.A.I are B.I am C.as I am D.as I are 4.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.are B.is C.were D.was 5.-Shall I wait here for three hours?-Yes.Three hours _,_ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.w
17、as not long enough for you D.will be too long for you,6.Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting.A.have not discussed B.have not been discussed C.has not discussed D.has not been discussed 7.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make fu
18、rther research in this field.A.what is B.they are C.this D.which are 8.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting 9.Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob,and the rest of the bread _ left on the table.A.was eaten/were B.were eaten/was C.were eaten/were D.was eaten/was 10.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hers C.are hers D.are her,Thanks for your listening,
