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1、初中英语语法专项课程(一)名词,小艾老师,名词 是词类的一种,也是实词的一种,名词表示人或事物或时地的名称。,专有名词,练习、中考题,名词的功能,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,名词的所有格,、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示独一无二的事物。、前面一般不加冠词。、首字母要大写。,专有名词,专有名词表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。例:China、Asia、Beijing、the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great
2、Wall(长城)。姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens。,表示日子的专有名词,December 十二月Spring Festival 春节Teachers Day 教师节,表示地名的专有名词,Asia 亚洲China 中国Beijing 北京,表示人的专有名词,表示地名的专有名词,the United Nations联合国Tsinghua University清华大学,Yao Ming 姚明Newton 牛顿Beckham 贝克汉姆,返回,普通名词,、普通名词表示一类人、事物或者抽象概念的名称。、普通名词前面可以加上不定冠词a/an或者定冠词the,
3、也可以不加冠词。、普通名词分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词使用时必须有数量关系。,1 个体名词:表示个别人或事物。(car 汽车 fan 风扇photo 照片)2集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集体。(people 人们 army 军队 government政府)3复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的复合词.可以将其看做一种固定形式。有些复合名词中间带连字符,有些则没有。(boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 highway高速公路 earthquake 地震),4物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。(fire 火 steel 钢 air
4、空气 water 水 milk牛奶)5抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。(labor 劳动 health 健康 friendship友情 patience耐力),返回,、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为“一”、可数名词有复数形式,表示数量“大于一”。可以用数词来修饰复数名词,来表示名词的具体数量。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量,可以用some,many,a lot of等修饰。,可数名词,1、可数名词的复数形式(1)一般情况,在词尾加-s。如:bookbooks.,(2)以s/x/sh/ch结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如:boxboxes.,
5、(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y变i加-es。如:storystories.,(4)以o结尾的名词复数,多数直接加-s。如:zoos,photos,pianos.只有potato,tomato,hero等少数单词加-es.,(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,如:wife,knife,life,wolf,thief等,把f/fe去掉,加-ves;但也有个别词例外,如roof的复数形式是roofs.(6)有些名词的单数变复数不规则。如:mousemice,toothteeth,footfeet,childchildren,manmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen.(7)有些名词的单复数相同
6、:如fish,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese.(8)复合名词的复数通常把复合名词中的主体名词变成复数。如a boy studenttwo boy students,但是含有man 和woman的复合名词,每个部分都要变成复数。如:man teachermen teachers.(9)有些名词只有复数形式。如:trousers,glasses,等。,返回,不可数名词,、不可数名词没有复数形式,在句子中一 般被视为单数。不和a/an连用,可以和the连用。、如果表示不可数名词的确切数量,可以在不可数名词前加上单位词。如果表示要不可数名词的不确切数量,可以用some,much
7、,a little,a lot of,a bit of,plenty of等修饰。,(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能加不定冠词a/an,也不能直接用数词去修饰。表示一些或一点用some/a little/a bit of等。表示许多用much/a lot of/lots of等。不可数名词的数量可以用表示单位的名词+of短语来表示数量、容积、容量。单位数词有复数形式。(2)当不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。,返回,名词的所有格,、名词所有格表示所有关系,意为“的”。所有格有两种形式,“在名词后面+s”是表示生命的东西的所有格。“of所有格形式”是表示无生命的东西的所有格,名词所有格的
8、两种形式:、在名词后面加s,构成s所有格形式,表示有生命的东西的所有格。如:womens books、“名词+of+名词”,构成of所有格形式,表示无生命的东西的所有格。如:the legs of the table,名词所有格的构成:(1)单数名词 构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+s(2)复数名词词尾如果没有s,构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+s(3)复数名词词尾如果有s,构成s所有格的方法 直接在词尾+(4)表示几个主语共有一样东西,所有格的构成方法是 在最后一个主语后+s表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西,所有格的构成方法是 在每个主语后都+s,(5)通常情况下,表示无生命的东西的所有格 应用
9、“名词+of+名词”所有格形式(6)双重所有格。如果在表示所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用“of+所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词的形式”,即双重所有格。,返回,名词的功能,名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,定语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1主语:The bag is in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday.昨天我洗了我的衣服。3表语:This is a good book.这是一本好书。4宾语补足语We choosed him as our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5介词
10、宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6定语:She is a Party member.她是一位党员。,返回,练习,练习:1、写出下列单数名词的复数形式。,.knife_.orange_.box_.cap_.roof_,.tomato_.baby_.house_.hero_.photo_,knives,oranges,boxes,caps,roofs,tomatoes,babies,houses,heroes,photos,2、将第一栏中单词与后两栏相对应的名词分类连接起来。(如果在第三栏没有相对应的可不连线),guitarbutterSnow
11、WhitesleepflagarmyParislove,专有名词可数名词不可数名词,个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词,3、请从括号里选出正确的答案。,、Please give me(two/two cups of)coffee.There are a lot of(sheep/sheeps)on the farm.Id like some(bread/breads)and(potato/potatoes).Look!There is a(mouse/mice)in the corner.He bought(a piece of/a piece)paper.”Where is(Womans/Wo
12、mens)Room?”asked Susan.(The girls/The girls)hobby is drawing.Aunt Lucy sent(a child/a childrens)book to me.,4、用下列名词的适当形式填空(1)There are a lot of _(potato)in the basket under the desk.(2)Whose_(watch)are those over there?(3)The police have caught all the _(thief).(4)Tom went to see the dentist yesterd
13、ay and had her two _(tooth)pulled out.(5)There is some _(milk)in the glass.(6)The _(German)are on a visit to Beijing.(7)Mrs.Green is _(Lucy and Lily)mother.(8)David took many _(photo)in the park.(9)Look!There are ten _(Japanese)and five_(American)talking under the tree.,potatoes,watches,thieves,teet
14、h,milk,Germans,Lucy and Lilys,photos,Japanese,Americans,5、单项选择1、She was very happy.She _in the maths test.makes a few mistake B.made a few mistakesC.made few mistakes D.makes few mistake2、We need some more_.Can you go and get some,please?A.Potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potatoe3、_are_for cutting thin
15、gs.Knife/used B.Knives/usedC.Knife/using D.Knives/using4、What big_ the tiger has!A.Tooth B.teeth C.tooths D.toothes5、Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A.Leafs B.leaves C.leaf D.leave,C,C,B,B,B,6、-Can we have some _?-Yes,please.A.banana B.oranges C.apple D.pear7、On the table there are five
16、_.A.tomatos B.piece of tomatoes C.tomatoes D.tomato8、They got much _ from those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories9、He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A.some advices B.some advice C.an advice D.a advice10、When we saw his face,we knew_ was bad.A.some news B.a news C.the news D.news,B,C,B,
17、C,C,11、I have some_,but not any white_.A.newspapers;paper B.newspaper;paper C.newspaper;papers D.newspapers;papers12、You need to change _ in Beijing.A.a train B.the train C.trains D.train13、We have bought two _for the coming party.A.box of orange B.boxes of oranges C.box of oranges D.boxes of orange
18、14、Ive read _sports news about the race today.A.two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces of,B,A,C,D,中考题,1、(2008广东)_mothers both work in the same hospital.A.Tim and Peters B.Tims and Peter C.Tims and Peters D.Tim and Peter2、(2009沈阳)Whats in the cupboard?A few _,but little _.A.apples;coffee B.coffee;app
19、les C.apple;coffees D.coffees;apple 3、(2010青岛)Where are the _?They are playing _violin in the school hall.A.girl students;不填 B.girls students;the C.girl students;the D.girl student;the,C,A,C,4、(2010哈尔滨)A low carbon lifestyle has _effect on our daily life,People are paying more attention to saving _t
20、hese days.the;energies B.a;energyan;energy D.an;energies 5、(2011)四川达州How many teachers are there in your school?them over two hundred.woman;The number of;is B.women;The number of;isC.woman;A number of;is D.women;A number of;are6、(2011天津)For my homework I have to write a(n)_ about the wonders of the
21、world.A.music.B.picture.C.composition.D.exam,C,B,C,用所给单词的适当形式完成句子,1.(2010上海)Joanna received many _(gift)when graduating from middle school.,2.(2009无锡)The three _(spaceman)of Shenzhou VII Space ship were warmly welcomed in Hong Kong.,3、(2010长春)Mr Black got some nice _on Fathers Day.How happy he was!(present),4、(2009宿迁)There are more_(sheep)in Australia than in Japan.,5、(2008南京市)Look!Two_(monkey)are fighting for food over there.,gifts,spacemen,presents,sheep,monkeys,谢谢大家!,若想查询更多关于小艾老师制作的英语语法课程ppt.请在百度文库中打“猴zei”.谢谢!此外还有关于冠词、数词、形容词的课件也会近期陆续上传。敬请关注!,