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1、,初中英语非谓语动词,一、概述,英语中动词的主要功能是做谓语，但如果需要一个动作来做谓语以外的其它句子成分，就要用到动词的一些特殊形式，这就是非谓语动词。,一、概述,非谓语动词包括三种，分别是：动词不定式动名词分词,1、不能做谓语2、没有人称和数的变化3、保留动词的特征，可以有自己的 宾语和状语,二、非谓语动词的特点,to+动词原形,1、构成：否定式：2、特征：,动词不定式,not to+动词原形,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语等。,（1）做主语,3、动词不定式的用法,动词不定式做主语时，常常用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放在后面。常
2、见的句式有以下几种：,（1）做主语,3、动词不定式的用法,It+be+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.eg.It is important for us to learn English well.It+be+adj.+(of sb.)+to do sth.eg.Its kind of you to help me.,（1）做主语,3、动词不定式的用法,当句中的形容词表示不定式动作、行为的性质时，如：hard,difficult,easy，important等，要用for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语；当句中的形容词表示逻辑主语的属性或性质时，如：nice,kind,clever,
3、good,right,wrong,foolish,careless 等，要用of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。,3、动词不定式的用法,It+take+sb.+some time+to do sth.eg.It takes me about 10 minutes to go to school every day.,（1）做主语,（2）做表语,3、动词不定式的用法,动词不定式在be动词后做表语时，多数情况下可以转换成不定式做主语的句子。eg.Her work is to look after the children.=To look after the children is her work.,
4、（3）做宾语,3、动词不定式的用法,有些动词后面跟动词时只能用动词不定式做宾语，如：want,agree,hope,decide,promise,wish,learn,seem,choose,ask,offer,refuse等。eg.Have you decided to work in that factory?,（3）做宾语,3、动词不定式的用法,注意：当find,think,make,consider,feel等动词后面跟不定式做宾语，而后面又有形容词做宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语动词不定式放在后面。eg.I think it difficult to get al
5、ong with her.,（4）做宾语补足语,3、动词不定式的用法,eg.Ill ask Jimmy to go with me.I often see them play basketball on the playground.,（4）做宾语补足语,3、动词不定式的用法,注意：常跟不带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词可以归纳为：一感(feel)，二听(hear,listen to)，三让(let,make,have)，四看(see,watch,look at,notice)。但是如果这些动词 用于被动语态，必须还原to。eg.They are often seen to play baske
6、tball on the playground.,（5）做定语,3、动词不定式的用法,动词不定式做定语时，位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，后面需要加上必要的介词。eg.Would you like something to eat?He is looking for a house to live in.,（6）做状语,3、动词不定式的用法,eg.Gina went to Beijing to see her parents last week.（不定式做目的状语）He was too angry to say anything.（不
7、定式做结果状语）,注意几个特殊句型：,3、动词不定式的用法,（1）疑问词+动词不定式 eg.I dont know what to do next.=I dont know what I should do next.（2）look forward to,be used to,pay attention to,preferto等结构中的to是介词，所以后面的动词应该用动名词doing，而不是动词原形。,动词+ing(doing),1、构成：否定式：2、特征：,动名词,not+doing,相当于一个名词，可以做主语、宾语等。保留动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。,（1）做主语,3、动名词的用
8、法,动名词做主语，谓语动词要用单数，多数可以转换为动词不定式。eg.Eating more vegetables is good for our health.=It is good for our health to eat more vegetables.,（2）做宾语,3、动名词的用法,只能跟动名词做宾语的动词有：consider,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest等。eg.Do you enjoy watching TV?注意：有些动词跟动名词表示被动的意义。eg.My bike needs repairing.=M
9、y bike needs to be repaired.,（3）做表语,3、动名词的用法,动名词做表语时，通常可以转换成动名词做主语，而现在进行时则不能。eg.Her hobby is swimming.=Swimming is her hobby.He is swimming.（不能转换为主语）,现在分词和过去分词,1、分类：2、特征：,分词,现在分词表示主动的意义，表示一般性的或正在进行的动作。过去分词表示被动的意义，表示已经完成和被动的动作。,（1）做表语,3、分词的用法,现在分词做表语通常表示主语所具有的性质、特征，常见的有interesting,exciting,surprising
10、,amazing,encouraging,boring,frightening等；过去分词做表语表示主语所处的状态，常见的有amazed,broken,closed,crowded,drunk,excited,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,lost,surprised,worried等。,（1）做表语,3、分词的用法,eg.This TV play is very moving.（表示电视剧具有“感人”的性质）We are all surprised at the news.（表示主语“我们”处于“惊讶”的状态）,（2）做定语,3、分词的用法,现在分词做定语，
11、表示带有主动意义和正在进行的动作，它所修饰的词就是它的逻辑主语。现在分词单独做定语通常放在所修饰的词的前面，分词短语做定语通常后置。eg.The reporter asked an embarrassing question.The girl talking to me just now has gone to the bank.,（2）做定语,3、分词的用法,过去分词做定语，表示带有被动意义和已经完成的动作，它所修饰的词就是它的逻辑宾语。现在分词单独做定语通常放在所修饰的词的前面，分词短语做定语通常后置。eg.I think spoken English is easier than wri
12、tten English.I have a friend called Jim.,（3）做状语,3、分词的用法,现在分词做状语，表示主语在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用，句子的主语是它的逻辑主语。eg.Jenny came into the classroom,running and jumping.The students are sitting in the classroom,doing their homework.,（3）做状语,3、分词的用法,过去分词做状语，表示被动和完成的动作，句子的主语是它的逻辑宾语。eg.Given another ho
13、ur,I can also work out this problem.=If I am given another hour,I can also work out this problem.,（4）做宾语补足语,3、分词的用法,一般来说，现在分词做宾补时，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词做宾补，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。eg.You kept me waiting for 20 minutes.I found an old lady knocked down by a car.,牵手中考,1.【2014 漳州】-We dont have enough money for
14、 our field trip.What shall we do?-The best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise B.to raise C.raising2.【2014 梅州】Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon as possible.A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met,牵手中考,3.【2014 来宾】After the earthquake,we heard of lots of _ stories,and all of us were deeply _.A.
15、moving;moved B.moving;moving C.moved;moving D.moved;moved4.【2014 遂宁】-You look so tired.-My mother makes me _ playing the piano for 2 hours every day.A.practice B.to practice C.practicing,牵手中考,5.【2013 雅安】-Can you finish _ these books before 10 oclock?-Yes,I can.A.to read B.read C.reads D.reading6.【20
16、13 茂名】The tree _ by your grandma grows very well.A.planting B.is planted C.planted7.【2013 宜宾】-Would you mind _ in the dining hall?-Of course not.A.not to smoke B.not smoking C.smoke D.not smoke,（1）动词不定式和动名词做主语的区别,4、易混点辨析,动名词做主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作；不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性动作，特别表示还未发生的动作。eg.Doing more excercise can help you keep healthy.It took the workers ten months to build the bridge.,
