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1、食品感官分析与测试,食品感官分析与测试,-Sensory Analysis 感官分析,-Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,-Procedures For Smelling&Tasting闻味和尝味的程序,-Controls For Sensory Testing对感官测试的控制,-Methods of Sensory Tests&the Application感官测试的方法及其应用,CONTENT,-Sensory Analysis-Factors Inf,What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析,Sens
2、ory Analysis is a scientific discipline used to evoke,measure,analyze and interpret reactions to those characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of:感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反应如以下感觉：,Sight视觉,Smell 嗅觉,Taste 味觉,Touch 触觉,Hearing 听觉,What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感,S
3、ensory analysis is about collecting data from human assessors to understand what they perceived when exposed to a product感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据，进而了解它们是如何感知产品的,Human are used as measuring instrument.人类作为测量的仪器,What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析,textureMouth feelsmelldefectsv,The Sense of Smell 嗅觉,Olfactory Ne
4、rve 嗅神经,Trigeminal Nerve三叉神经,Aroma香气:Odour of Product 产品的气味(nasal route)顺鼻腔路径,Aroma香气(retronasal route)逆鼻腔路径,The Sense of Smell 嗅觉Olfactory,Procedures For Smelling闻香的程序,Repeated short or long hard sniffs.或长或短地重复用力吸气Sniff same number of times resting in between each series 每次休息时吸气次数保持一致Solids or semi
5、-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface 固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面,Procedures For Smelling闻香的程序R,The Sense of Taste 味觉,Bitter 苦味Acidic 酸味Salty 咸味Sweet 甜味Umami 鲜味,The Sense of Taste 味觉Bitter 苦味,Discriminative tests 辨别测试啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Product matching 产品复制()_Please comment accor
6、dingly.Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panelist Control品评小组的控制Statistics 统计Panelist Control品评小组的控制Two samples group_Please rinse your mouth with water before starting.Before evaluation 品评前278 543Arrive at the time agreed for the test按其甜味强度依次排列,Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序,Liquids 液体Same amount for each judge
7、数量一致Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas 啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth 或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在口腔Rinse mouth carefully with water or have a bite of cracker 仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干,Discriminative tests 辨别测试Proce,Procedures For Tasting尝味的程
8、序,Solids 固体Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas 取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有的味蕾Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue 品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳,Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序So,Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器,Sensory Stimulus 感官刺激,Human
9、as measuring Instrument,Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器,The stimulus hits the sense organ and is converted to a nerve signal which travels to the brain;the brain then organizes and integrates the incoming sensation into perceptions with the contribution of past experience;lastly a response is
10、 formulated based on the subjects perceptions感官受到刺激，将其转化为神经信号传输到大脑；大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合为知觉.；最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应,Human as measuring Instrument,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Expectation error 期望错误Stimulus error 刺激错误Leniency error 宽大错误Proximity error 近似错误Central tendency error 中心化错误,Factors
11、Influencing Sensory Me,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Suggestion effect 暗示效应Positional bias(order effect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Contrast effect and 对照效应和集中错误convergence error Motivation 动力,Factors Influencing Sensory Me,Expectation error 期望的错误Information given with the sample may trigger precon
12、ceived ideas 样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主 Stimulus error 刺激的错误Irrelevant criteria,such as color or size influence the observer 无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观察者,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Expectation error 期望的错误Factors,Leniency error 宽大的错误Based on their feelings about the researcher,ignoring product differ
13、ences 根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品的差异,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Suggestion effect 暗示效应Reactions of other members of a panel can influence the response of a panelist 品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测试者,Factors Influencing Sensory Me,Positional bias(order effect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Score the second product(of a set o
14、f products)higher or lower than expected 给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或偏低Contrast effect and convergence error 对照效应和集中错误Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between the other samples in their scores夸大或掩盖样品间的差异,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Positional bias(order effect),Proximity
15、error 近似的错误Correlation between characteristics close together maybe higher than other characteristic 相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关联可能要高一些Central tendency error 中心化的错误Scoring products in the midrange of a scale to avoid extremes 给产品打分偏中等，以避免极端,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Proximity error 近似的错误
16、Factors I,Motivation 动力Affects sensory perception.For e.g.interested panelist is always more efficient and reliable.动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可靠。,Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素,Motivation 动力Factors Influenci,Controls For Sensory Testing对感官测试的控制,Environment Controls 环境的控制Panelist
17、 Controls 品评小组的控制,Controls For Sensory Testing对,Environment Controls环境的控制,Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域Sensory evaluation of products 产品的感官品评Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area 描述性品评和培训的区域Meeting with panelist 和品评小组成员开会Preparation Area&Serving Area 准备和分发的区域Sample preparation and serving 样品的准备和
18、分发Office Area 办公区域Administrative preparations of tests and their interpretation 测试的行政准备和解释,Environment Controls环境的控制Pan,Panel Booth Testing Area品评单间的测试区域,Individual booth 单独隔开的小间Sliding door 移动门Neutral wall color 中性的墙壁颜色Sink and Tap 水槽和龙头Colored lightning 有颜色的光照Odor-free 无气味Computer 电脑,Panel Booth T
19、esting Area品评单间的,Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area描述性品评和培训区域,Facilities similar to booth area 设备和品评单间相似Conference style table for 6-12 panelists 可坐 6-12 人的会议桌Whiteboard,clock 白板，时钟Preparation facilities for reference samples 准备参考样品的设施,Descriptive Evaluation&Train,Preparation&Serving Area准备和分发区域,W
20、ell-equipped kitchen设备良好的厨房Odor-free&ventilated无味且通风良好Air-conditioned 空调Refrigerator/frozen storage space 冰箱/冷冻保存空间Construction material建筑材料Specialized equipment特殊器材,Preparation&Serving Area准备和,Office Area 办公区域,Close to panel booth 靠近品评单间Convenient to locate records,storage space,any computer termin
21、al 便于安装记录、储存空间和电脑终端Phone,printer at sufficient distance、打印机摆放在合理的距离内,Office Area 办公区域Close to pane,Sensory Analysis Laboratory感官分析研究所,Statistics 统计,Blind tests盲试,Sensory Analysis LaboratoryMap,Panelist Control品评小组的控制,Panel Orientation 品评员的指导Before evaluation 品评前Do not smoke and consume sweets,coffee
22、 or anything with a strong taste immediately or less than 30 minutes before the test 测试前30分钟内不可抽烟，吃糖，喝咖啡或品尝其他味重的东西Arrive at the time agreed for the test 准时到达,Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel,Panelist Control品评小组的控制,Panel Orientation 品评员的指导Before evaluation 品评前Do not use strong perfume,perfumed after-sha
23、ve lotion,perfumed soap,etc 不要使用浓烈的香水，润肤香水，香皂等Informed impaired physical form e.g.Cold or headache 身体不适，如感冒或头痛,Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel,Panelist Control品评小组的控制,Panel Orientation 品评员的指导During evaluation 测试中Do not talk to colleagues during assessments 测试时不要和同事说话Do not bring extraneous items,such a
24、s newspapers into the test booth 不要带无关的东西到测试场所如报纸等,Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel,Panelist Control品评小组的控制,Panel Orientation 品评员的指导During evaluation 测试中Use all the time available for making evaluations 用全部的时间作测试Panelist are not allowed to visit the test kitchen during the test 测试时成员不可去测试准备室,Panelist Co
25、ntrol品评小组的控制Panel,Methods&Application方法和应用,AnalyticalNew Product developm,The Sensory tests 感官测试,The Sensory tests 感官测试Descript,成对喜偏好测试Paired Preference Test 姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_Please rinse your mouth with water before starting.You have been given two samples.开始前请先漱口。您将品尝到两个样品Taste the produc
26、t on the left first.Then taste the product on the right.You may retaste as often as you need to.先尝左边产品,再尝右边产品。可以按自己的需要反复品尝Circle the number of preferred sample.圈出您喜欢的产品(157)(468)Please comment on the reasons for you choice 请说明您选择的理由:(157)(468)_,Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试,成对喜偏好测试Hedonic/Preference
27、 test,排序偏好测试Rank Preference Test 姓名(Name):_ 部门(Department):_Please rinse your mouth with water before starting,before each sample and anytime you need to.请在开始时,品尝每个样品之间和任何您需要的时候漱口You will receive FOUR samples.Please rank them in the order of your degree of preference.你会收到四个样品(254,857,359,460),请按照喜欢的
28、程度给它们排序Write to the very top the code of the sample you like best(to which you give the first position in the degree of preference)and to the very bottom the code of the sample you like least.将您最喜欢产品的编号写在最上方,最不喜欢的产品写在最下方Mark the degree of preference for the other samples in between.Ties are not allo
29、wed.其余的产品写在中间。不允许存在相互联系_1st rank position 排列位置(most liked 最喜欢)_2nd rank position 排列位置_3rd rank position 排列位置_4th rank position 排列位置(least liked 最不喜欢),Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试,排序偏好测试Hedonic/Preference tests,享乐型的批分测试Hedonic Rating Test姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_Please taste each sample from LEFT t
30、o RIGHT.Please drink water and eat a cracker between samples.请从左到右品尝每个样品。请在品尝样品之间喝水吃饼干 Considering All characteristics(APPEARANCE,FLAVOUR,and TEXTURE).Indicate your overall opinion by circling one point on the following scale.考虑所有特征(外观,风味和组织),并圈出能够反映你整体意见的分值Describe what you liked and disliked about
31、 each of the samples.描述你对这个产品有什么喜欢还是不喜欢的地方?()_()_()_()_,Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试,Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试,Evaluation Form姓名Name日期Date产品Product 目标OBJECTIVE:To obtain general description about the products based on the comments given by the panellist,and to determine the preference among the
32、 samples,for more than two samples evaluation.INSTRUCTIONS:You are given a few samples.Pls.describe them,rate your preference and rank them accordingly(Remark:Equal ranks are not allowed.)1-Dislike Extremely非常不喜欢;6-Like Slightly有点喜欢;2-Dislike Very Much很不喜欢;7-Like Moderately喜欢;3-Dislike Moderately不喜欢
33、;8-Like Very Much 很喜欢;4-Dislike Slightly有点不喜欢;9-Like Extremely非常喜欢5-Neither Like Nor Dislike;既不喜欢也不讨厌,Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试,Evaluation FormHedonic/Prefere,三角测试Triangle Test姓名(Name):P18_ 部门(Department):_您将品尝到3个样品。两个是同样的，一个是不同的。You have been given three samples.Two of these samples are identic
34、al,one is different.请集中注意力，依次品尝这些样品，区分它们的不同之处：Please taste these samples in the order given below in concentrating your attention on the difference in flavour:圈出与其他两个不同的样品号Circle the number of the different sample.837911586标出它们之间的差别大小程度Indicate the degree of difference in flavour between the identic
35、al samples and the different one.评注：Comments不同的样品：Different sample _相同的样品：Identical samples _,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,三角测试Discriminative tests 辨别测试,对比测试 Duo-Trio Test姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_我们会给您一个标为“R”的参照样品和另外两个样品。You have been given a reference sample“R”and two coded samples.请先品尝样品“R”，然后再品尝其他两
36、个。在后两个样品中选出您认为与“R”相同的样品。Please smell and taste the reference sample“R”first,followed by the two coded samples.Indicate which of the two coded samples is identical to the reference sample“R”.如果您认为两个样品与“R”都很相似，您必须在其中猜选一个。If no difference is apparent between the two unknown samples,you must guess.可以允许重
37、复品尝Retasting is allowed.圈出您认为与参照样品相同的样品号Circle the number of the identical sample.278 543评注：Comments278 543_,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,对比测试 Discriminative tests 辨别测试,DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TEST五选二测试TWO OUT OF FIVE TEST姓名(Name):P20_部门(Department):_我们会给您 五个样品.其中两个是同样的,而另三个相同成为一组.You have been given f
38、ive samples.Two of these five samples belong to one set;the other three belong to another set.请选择两个相同的样品,在这两个样品编号边打上X记号Identify the two samples which belong together by placing an X after the code number.同时请在评语栏里填上作相应评价Please comment accordingly.编号CODE_ _ _ _评语COMMENTS:Two samples group_Three sample
39、s group_,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,排序测试Ranking Test姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_您将品尝到不同甜味强度的三个样品You have been given three samples of different sweetness intensity.请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题Please smell and taste these samples and answer the following question:399 525833 按其甜味强度依次排列Rank
40、these three products in ascending order of their sweetness:No.1 _No.2_No.3_(No.1 为 甜度最低，No.3为甜度最强)(With No.1 of the least sweetness and No.3 of the highest sweetness)评注：Comments_,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,打分测试 Scaling Test姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_产品(Product):Milk powder(4)
41、Utilisation of the CATEGORY scaleSamples:9 8 7SWEET:01234563 7 8SWEET:01234562 4 9SWEET:01234565 2 7SWEET:01234560.Absence 1.Just Detectable 2.Weak 3.Moderate 4.Slightly Strong 5.Strong 6.Very Strong,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,打分测试 Discriminative tests 辨别测试,打分测试Scaling Test姓名(Name):_部门(Department):_I
42、ntensity rating scale with the utilisation of Difference.Please rate according to the reference Ref.A:010Ref.B:010 Samples:0102 6 80104 5 70101 7 6 0105 3 4 Absent Moderate Very Intense,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TESTName:_Date:3/11/01_Type of Sample:
43、*Instructions:.You have received 4 samples(3-digit coded)and a control sample marked“R”.Taste the control sample marked“R”first.Then taste the test sample marked“XXX”in the indicated sequence order.Assess the overall sensory differences between the two samples using the scale Below.Comment on the di
44、fferences.0 12 34 56 78 910No Moderate Extreme Diff Diff.Remember that a Duplicate Control is the sample some of the time.*CodeDegree of DifferenceComments on Difference(Strength/Profile etc.)_732_581_463_694_,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,Discriminative tests 辨别测试,Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序If no diffe
45、rence is apparent between the two unknown samples,you must guess.Indicate your overall opinion by circling one point on the following scale.the 7-pt scale.Analytical tests分析测试Remember that a Duplicate Control is the sample some of the time.请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题Remember that a Duplicate Control is the sa
46、mple some of the time.*2_interested panelist is always more efficient and reliable.大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合为知觉.感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据，进而了解它们是如何感知产品的*DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TESTSolids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface 固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应,姓名(Name):_ 部门
47、(Department):_您将品尝到7种奶粉的样品,请闻其香，尝其味，并描述其口味You have been given seven Milk powder products.Please smell and taste the samples and try to describe the perceived taste.确认您是否能感觉出下列描述，若不能，请将此描述此划去，若您想到另外的描述，请添加Confirm if you can feel these listed descriptions in the following products.If no,please slash o
48、n this descriptor.And if you detect some descriptors other than the listed comments,please add accordingly.,描述测试Descriptive Test,Descriptive tests描述测试,Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序描述,描述测试Descriptive Test Name姓名:_Department部门:_B/INTENSITY MEASUREMENT OF DESCRIPTORTaste the sample and give your overall
49、opinion about the intensity of the different notes using the 7-pt scale.Rinse your mouth so as to clear your palette each time after tasting each product to give a more accurate rating for each descriptors.0.Absence 1.Just Detectable 2.Weak 3.Moderate4.Slightly Strong 5.Strong 6.Very Strong Sample:357,Descriptive tests描述测试,描述测试Descriptive tests描述测试,THE END.终.Thank you for your participation.谢谢您的参与。,THE END.,
