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1、Have you ever seen these signs?,parking,spitting,littering,smoking,-ing forms,The ing form as the Subject and Object,Unit 2,一、动名词的形式,动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作,谓语动词用单数。如：Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.To read aloud will help you improve your English.,动词-ing形式作主语,Ing做主
2、语和动词不定时做主语有什么不同？,动名词常常表示泛指的动作，而不定式通常指具体的动作。,动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作,谓语动词用单数。如：Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.To read aloud will help you improve your English.,动词-ing形式作主语,二、功能及用法(作主语),1.名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._ is something we should never d
3、o2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_ is very important for me3)说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.,Playing tricks on others,Learning new words,Talking,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如 no use,no good,fun,hard work,a hard/difficult job,a waste of time等;形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。如：Its no use
4、sweeping tears.It was a waste of time doing such a thing.Exer.P13_,二、功能及用法(作主语),归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的,在there be+no+v-ing结构中作主语，=“It is impossible to do”表
5、示“没法不允许.”。如：1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 若要人不知，除非己莫为。2)这种事开不得玩笑。There is _ about such matter.3)无法知道他什么时候离开。There was _ when he would leave.,二、功能及用法(作主语),no joking,no knowing,There is no doing 无法;不允许There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing w
6、orse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no point doing such a silly thing.,注意:There is no need to do sth 干没必要,在此句式中to do不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her.,1.有些动词和短语等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如：Were consider
7、ing _(pay)a visit to the Science Museum.Im fond of _(collect)stamps and coins.,动词-ing形式作宾语,paying,collecting,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise deny,finish,
8、stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape forbid,risk,imagine,这类动词还有:give up,insist on,mention,feel like,prefer doing to doing,end up,be busy(in),prevent/stop/keep fromprotect/preserve from.pay attention to,be accustomed to,be used to doing,get down to,stick to,lead to,object to 等。,我们
9、必须设法避免犯同样的错误。We must try to avoid _the same mistake晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you feel like _a walk with me after supper?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People couldnt help_ that foolish man,repeating,having,laughing,注：need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done。,The radio needs/requires/wants _（repair）.,rep
10、airing/to be repaired,2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。like,love,hate,prefer用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别.C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后意义不同,不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to write to your mot
11、her我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret missing the report我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。I regret to say I cant take your advice,继续做原来做的事,接着做另一件事,意味着要做某事,想要做某事,停止做某事,停下来(别的事)开始,V-ing 形式的复合结构,Do you mind my coming late for the film?,Marys being late for class made her teacher angry.,me coming late for the film?,物主代词与名词所有格与V-ing构
12、成逻辑上的主谓关系,形容词性物主代词+doing,名词s+doing,代词宾格+doing,名词+doing,作主语、宾语,作宾语,_made him very upset.His losing bike B.Toms losing bikeC.Him losing bike D.Tom losing bike,注：动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：_(没有刷牙)made her smell bad.Your schoolmates _(没有按时回家)made her parents worried.,Not cleaning he
13、r teeth,not coming home in time,Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A.having held B.to hold C.holding D.hold,Exercises,2.The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A.giving B.being given C.given D.gave3._ made the student _ interest in his
14、 studies.A.Being punished;to lose B.Punished;lose C.Being punished;lose D.Having been punished;lost,4.Our English teacher suggested we practise _ English every day.A.to speak B.speak C.speaking D.spoke5.I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating,6.
15、_ the homework made his father lose his temper.A.The boys not having done B.The boy not having done C.The boys having not done D.The boy having not done,根据括号内的汉语提示,完成下列句子。1._(大声朗读)in the library is a bad habit.2.Its no use _(像这样谈话).3.In my mind,_ _(进入那所著名的大学)will be the only way to become a world-class writer.,Reading aloud,talking like this,attending the famous university,4.Mary got well-prepared for the job interview,for she couldnt risk _(丢失这个好机会).5.He remembered_ _(没有完成作业),so he got up early to do it the next morning.,losing the good opportunity,not having finished his homework,see you,
