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1、若有所“指”“代”替万千,高三阅读技能指导之,若有所“指”“代”替万千高三阅读技能指导之,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent.I have had to work hard to live a normal life,but it has been worth it.If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids,it would be this:Just having a disability doesnt mean you
2、r life is not satisfying.So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them,and dont ignore them either.Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,Substitute word替代词,Reference指代,In many ways my disabili,指代(reference)是作者为了避免，让行文简练，在文中
3、使用一些(substitute words)来表示上文中已经提到过或下文即将提到的人物或事物（词或短语，甚至句子)。,重复,替代词,What is reference?,指代(reference)是作者为了避免,2017全国I卷 C篇29.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to?2017全国I卷 D篇33.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in Paragraph 2 refer to?,Pay special attention to referen
4、ce in reading comprehension.,2017全国I卷 C篇Pay special attenti,Some basic information about reference?,Some basic information about r,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent.I have had to work hard to live a normal life,but it has been worth it.If I had the chance to s
5、ay one thing to healthy kids,it would be this:Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying.So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them,and dont ignore them either.Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,
6、我发现：指代词以 居多。（人称代词，指示代词 等）Tip:阅读中遇到代词要留心，需标注，有意识推敲其指代,(1)关于指代的“二三事”,代词,In many ways my disa,Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.2017全国III卷 D篇 What does“which”refer
7、to?The passage is mainly about.,我发现：指代词还包括定语从句的，常常需要搞清指代，可帮助我们判断文章的关键词。,(2)关于指代的“二三事”,、关系词,Led by Professor Phi,Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk.And theyve never actually met you.Everything they know about you came through this device,somet
8、imes from hundreds of miles away.Yet they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the telephone is.Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport,I figured it all out.Ranis friendliness-her warm smile,her nods,her“Im here for you”attitudewere all silent signals
9、 that didnt travel through wires.Q：What does“wires”refer to?,the telephone,the telephone,我发现：除了代词指代，还可以用 来进行指代，可以让文章表达。Tip:需要养成联系上下文，翻译推敲的习惯。,词汇,(3)关于指代的“二三事”,丰富多样,Hundreds of people have,1,In many ways my disability has made me grow stronger and more independent.I have had to work hard to live a no
10、rmal life,but it has been worth it.If I had the chance to say one thing to healthy kids,it would be this:Just having a disability doesnt mean your life is not satisfying.So dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them,and dont ignore them either.Just accept them for who they are and give the
11、m encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,我发现：指示代词既可以 指，也可 指；指代信息既可在 句，也可在 句。Tip:在阅读中养成从同句到上下句寻找替代信息，同时翻译理解的习惯。,(4)关于指代的“二三事”,前,后,同一,上下,1 In many ways my disabil,1,练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 D篇 A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where
12、 the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 55sheet
13、 of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet
14、deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand out of the side of the hole.33.What does the underlined phra
15、se“the water catcher”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still C.The hole.D.The cup.,1练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 D篇,1,练一练，说一说2017全国I卷 C篇 Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason M
16、orans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.29.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to?Jazz becoming more accessible.The production of
17、jazz growing faster.Jazz being less popular with the young.The jazz audience becoming larger.,1练一练，说一说,那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”,Why are some reference difficult to understand?,那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”Why are some refe,They could consume?in the shortest period,characters,1,However,after watching the current generation of
18、teens stuck in the troubled waters of technology,I had little confidence in the survival of the book.I felt sure that the book would be a thing of the past which the Twitter(推特)world had already overtaken,limiting the imagination of this generation to the few characters that they could consume in th
19、e shortest period.Q:What does“that”refer to?A：the few characters B.this generation C.the imagination,我发现：含有定语从句的长句，需要对 的指代进行仔细推敲翻译理解。Tip:可将 还原回从句,结合上下文来正确理解句意。,(1)那些让我们晕乎乎的“指代们”长难句中的定语从句指代,先行词,关系词,They could consume?,Even Chinas population will be declining by the early 2030s,according to the UN,whi
20、ch projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries.Try to translate the sentence.,练一练，说一说The Economist Jun.5,2006,Even Chinas populatio,In 1901,H.G.Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers landed on the moon,they discov
21、ered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprises to the“moon people”they met.In turn,the“moon people expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you travelling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space?”H.G.Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.I
22、n 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the“moon people”asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Q：What does“it”refer to?,(2)那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”分隔指代,
23、我发现：所指代信息离指代词越，越容易造成理解困难。Tip:需要耐心上下逐行搜寻。,远,In 1901,H.G.Wells,1,练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 D篇 The discovery of a dwarfed(矮小的)“human being”who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family.This“Flores Human”was three feet tall and her brain was smaller than
24、 that of the average chimp.Yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony.It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member.The tools a
25、re like those formerly seen only with European fossils from our own species,Homo sapiens（智人）,and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago.Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago,much too late to be responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,
26、then the inside structure of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimps,despite being just a third the size of ours.Q：What does“tiny human”refer to?A：Homo Sapiens B:Flores Human,1练一练，说一说 2017全国I卷 D篇,Schipper,now a 17-year-old from Brisbane with a bright future of going to Athens for he
27、r first Olympics,yesterday recalled her time with Shane Gould five years ago.“I was at a national youth camp on the Gold Coast and Shane had come along to talk to us and watch us train,”Schipper explained.“It seemed as if we had long been good friends.I dont know why.We just started talking and it w
28、ent from there.”,(3）那些把我们搞晕的“指代们”隐形指代,我发现：有些指代并没有在上下文 显示出来Tip:需要分析上下语境翻译，进行合理的推理、判断、归纳。,friendship,直接,Schipper,now a 17-ye,练一练,说一说 2017全国I卷 B篇 I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatur
29、es can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.Q:What do the two“it”refer to?Do they refer to the same thing?Try to explain the sentence in your own way.,Possible version:When the rescue works,the outcome is simply beautiful.,练一练,说一说Possible version:,W
30、hat is reference?2.What basic information about reference have we learnt?Why are some references difficult to understand?4.What should we do to have a better understanding of reference while reading?,Summary,What is reference?Summary,Homework1.Review what you have leant about reference.2.Finish the
31、exercise by applying reference analysis.!Do not just tick()your answer.!Do explain your reason for your answer by carefully analyzing the key sentence(s).Pay attention to referenceTIP:画出指示词从本句到上下句推敲直接指代还是需要归纳信息翻译判断信息；,Homework,2016全国III卷 C篇 Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often t
32、aste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special,its still worth a try,as is the knobby(多疙瘩的)Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.26.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste,HOMEWORK,
