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1、大学英语四级翻译专项训练,主讲人：缪爽,主要问题,一、核心语法 虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法,虚拟语气,一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围,例句,I would certainly go if I had the time.(与现在事实相反)If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.(与将来事实相反)She would have come if we had invited her.(与过去事实相反),在错综时间句中,谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”If you hadnt watched tele
2、vision so late,you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符),If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话
3、，我们会已经派他去北京了。If she had returned an hour earlier,Mary wouldnt have been caught in the rain.（2009，6月真题）,The victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年12月真题),特殊的固定搭配用法,一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(mand)四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire
4、.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should+do。should可以省略。,The professor required that we(should)hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006年6月真题)I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真题),定语从句,关系副词,Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potato can be grown in places where it is too co
5、ld to grow rice.有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。When的用法在定语从句中做时间状语，指代时间。I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.Why的用法在定语从句中做原因状语。I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent form the meeting.The reason that the car broke down caused the accident.,Is he the man who/that wants to se
6、e you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）The book which/that is on the table is mine.（做主语）The book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做宾语)The book whose cover is blue is mine.(做定语),Medical researchers are painfully aware that there
7、are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now/to which they havent found answers so far.（2008年12月真题）The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where(in which)we can cooperate.（2007年6月真题）,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）A prosper
8、ity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语）,非谓语动词,动词不定式动名词,动词不定式,to+动词原型可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.He hat
9、e to be misunderstood by others.Were happy to have been working with you.Its kind of you to say so.,动名词,动词原形+ing(是名词),I am sure that he will come in time.=I am sure of his coming in time.He is proud that he is selected as monitor.=He is proud of being selected as monitor.Im confident that he have pa
10、ssed the exam.=Im confident of his having passed the exam.He complained that he have been wronged by others.=he complained of having been wronged by others.,动名词充当主语,Asking for help is sometimes necessary.Eating too much is not good for your health.Teaching offers something besides money and power.,主语从句,what=the thing that What many people havent realized is that Simon is a lover of sports,and football in particular.(2009年6月真题)What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008年12月真题),
