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1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISY,Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty.Albert Einstein,2,8,UNIT,I am in favor of animal rights as well
2、 as human rights.That is the way of a whole human being.Abraham Lincoln,Section A,2,Animals or children?A scientists choice,Objectives,Animals or children?A scientists choice,Section A,Animals or children?A scientists choice,Section A,1.Did you have a pet before?How did you treat your pet?,As your b
3、est friend and family memberTake good care of them even they were sickNever abandoned or ignored when they are getting older,Short answer questions,2.Should animals be treated in the same way as human beings?Should scientific experiments use animals to develop medicines to help and heal human beings
4、?What do you think about the experiments on animals?,Cursed,cruel and non-humanitarian experiment To help and heal human beingsTo help people get rid of painTo develop the medical research,Short answer questions,1.How did the American treat animals?,To spend thousands of millions of dollars every ye
5、ar;On animal food,health care,equipment and toys;Care so deeply for them;Brave the disaster to stay with themAnimal welfare organizations provide services,2.What is PETA?,An animal rights organization;For the ethical treatment of animals;The headquarters in Norfolk,Virginia;To save and improve the l
6、ives of millions of animals;The largest animal rights group in the world,This is the VOA Special English Education Report.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,To be continued,PETA disapproves of the use of animals for _.But many research
7、scientists say this position could prevent development of treatments and cures for serious and _.,medical research,deadly diseases,To be continued,Wesley Smith is a lawyer allied with the Discovery Institute,a _educational group.He has written extensively about science and _.Mister Smith points to t
8、he Silver Spring Monkey Case as an example of _ policy.Last year,he wrote on the subject for the online publication of the National Review.His article was called A Monkey for Your Grandmother.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,nonprofit
9、,ethics,harmful,To be continued,He noted the _ of victims of Alzheimers disease.This disease _ mainly older people.It steals their ability to think and care for themselves.Animals are often used in research on such _.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missi
10、ng information.,suffering,strikes,brain disease,The American Veterinary Medical Association is an organization of doctors who care for animals.The A.V.M.A.agrees with some _ taken by animal rights groups.But the association also says it cannot accept policies that conflict with what it calls _ anima
11、l use for human purposes.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,positions,responsible,What is the animal research?And why?,To use animals in experiments;To research the new drugs;To improve the success rate of surgeries;To keep the people h
12、ealthy and happy;To help the patients and dying people,2.Why did animal rights activists ban on animal testing?,Cruel and inhumane,animals should be free;Unreliable,different between people and animals;Computers can also be programmed;Break the ecological balance.,3.Why did physician scientists cond
13、uct the animal experiments?,To relieve the eternal suffering of people;To understand the process and test new therapies;Most experiments on human beings will fail;To accelerate the process of medical research;The research of simulated effects on computer is of little value,Animals or children?A scie
14、ntists choice,Section A,According to the text,why did the author become a childrens doctor?(Para.1),love and supreme desire to keep them healthy and draw the author to medical research.,The text is an _,the purpose of which is to convince readers by using good _ and strong _.The author,through writi
15、ng this essay,argues for his rightfulness of doing _.,argumentative essay,reasons,evidence,animal research,Part I(Para.1),The author was _of being cruel to animals since his top desire is only to keep children healthy with _based on _.,wrongly accused,medical advances,animal research,For career adva
16、ncement,Tortuer innocent animals,No moral compass,devil,How did animal rights activists describe the researchers?(Para.2),accuse,What did physician scientists do?(Para.3),Be unbelievably uncaringAllow them to creep in“animal fraud”and hatred,Persist in our beliefImportance of animal research for pub
17、lic health,What Should be done?,Respond to the emotional tone by,Part II Paras.2-3,This part unfolds the current situation of animal-rights movement.Firstly,animal rights protectors distort the truth by accusing the physician.The author also criticizes the indifference of the public,senators and eve
18、n the people who worked in the medical field.,To Leave medical research standstill,Most of experiments on human beings will fail,What are the first three reasons to relieve the eternal suffering of human beings?(Para.4),To improve and test new therapies on animal research,Reasons(3),The optional fou
19、rth choice by computer imitation(Para.5),Advice?,Possible benefits?,Can computer model exchange the actual experiments?,computer models which suggested by animal rights activists are of little value.,What are the terrifying effects of arresting the animal research?(Para.6),Drugs to cure infections w
20、ill remain undiscovered.,Surgical and diagnostic techniques will be developed.,Fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.,undeveloped.,What results did animal research help us to achieve?(Para.7),Tips,To fight against the serious sicknesses,such as _,_ and _.To operate the most complex
21、surgical procedures,such as _ and _.,heart disease,high blood pressure,stroke,heart or hip surgery,organ transplantation surgeries,Part III Paras.4-7,As the main part of the essay,it provides compelling reasons to justify the necessity of doing animal research.It emphasizes why doing animal research
22、 is so indispensable,and warns that stopping animal research will cause significantly negative effects.,How about the present situation of human beings in American today?(Para.8),What is the authors attitude?(Para.9),Tips,We should arouse the majority to protect the future of animal research,and opp
23、ose the misdirected minority.,Part(Paras.8-9)conclusion of the essay,The author is trying to make his _ be heard and also his most worried concern.He urges the public to _ put an end to the nightmare to cease animal research.,final appeal,take actions to,I am wrongly accused of doing animal research
24、 since my top desire is only to keep children healthy with medical advances based on animal research.(Para.1),Introduction,Animal rights activists distort my medical research and accuse me of being a physician without moral limits.(Paras.2-3),Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movem
25、ent,Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movement,Reasons to justify the necessity of animal research,To relieve the eternal suffering of human among the possible three reasons.(para.4),The optional 4th choice from animal activists is using computer model,but its of no value(Para.5),T
26、he terrifying effects of arresting animal research will only be felt years or decades later.(Para.6),Our current combat abilities against sickness are mostly based on previous animal research.(Para.7),Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movement,Reasons to justify the necessity of an
27、imal research,Conclusion,Human rights vs.animal rightsI am wrongly _ of doing animal research since my _ is only to keep children healthy based on animal research.Although the animal-rights activists _ the truth.The politicians give in to the _ of animal rights advocates,even the people working in t
28、he medical field let animal rights activists _.,twist,accused,supreme desire,To be continued,creep in,lobbying,They _the issue as one of“_”and_.To relieve the _ of human beings,animal research is the best choice to understand the process and _,more than that hoping accidental discoveries will _.What
29、s more,the optional fourth choice is _ the animal experiments by computer model.Its _.,move us forward,hatred,animal fraud,test new therapies,of little value,To be continued,frame,eternal suffering,imitate,The studies what are along with subsequent _ will actually end if animal research is severely
30、_.I would never _ needless cruel treatment of animals.the real question _ the importance of the _ and protect its future.,advances,restricted,advocate,is aware of,animal experiment,使天平（向某人或物）倾斜,(Personality/talent/kindness/quirkiness/tip the scales),Personality,talent,kindness,and maybe even quirkin
31、ess,may tip the scales.,tip the scales,短语逆译,短语应用,人格，才艺，亲和力，甚至于奇谋诡诈的手段，都有可能成为加重分量的砝码。,意群提示,与有关,(latest findings/to a great extent),The researchers hope the latest findings will have relevance to people to a great extent.,have relevance to,短语逆译,短语应用,研究者们希望这些最新发现和人类有很大的关联。,意群提示,渐渐影响，逐渐改变,(feelings o f
32、uncertainty and doubt),When feelings of uncertainty and doubt start to creep in,I face those feelings directly and ask myself how can I learn from this to better myself?,creep in,短语逆译,短语应用,当不确定感和疑惑开始逐渐侵袭，我直面那些感觉，然后问自己，我怎样才能从这些感觉中获得更多收获？,意群提示,以的名义,(in the name of/democracy),Soldiers in the name of de
33、mocracy,let us all unite!,in the name of,短语逆译,短语应用,战士们以民主的名义，让我们团结起来！,意群提示,作贡献,(make a contribution to),Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.,make a contribution,短语逆译,短语应用,每个人都应该为保护环境做贡献。,意群提示,意识到；明白；知道,(heart disease/be aware of),The researchers say if people want to av
34、oid heart disease,they should be more aware of how much sugar is in their food.,be/become aware of,短语逆译,短语应用,研究人员表示：人们如果想要预防心脏病，就应该更加清楚的认识到食物中的含糖量。,意群提示,与隔离；孤立,(for the sake of/isolate from),For the sake of the safety of all,this patient should be isolated from other patients.,短语逆译,短语应用,为了大家的安全，这个病人
35、应该与其他病人隔离开。,意群提示,isolate sb./sth.from,当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅靠计算机模拟的成效甚微。,原句译文,逆译练习,When the principles themselves are in question,as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study,computer modeling alone is of little value.,句型提炼,When sth.is in question,as is th
36、e case with,sth is of little value.,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“当某事有问题时，跟某种情况一样”,句型应用,典型例句,当人们自身意识比较淡薄时，就像目前汽车市场高居不下的购买数量，仅靠政府出台的环保政策收效甚微。,意群提示,When the peoples own consciousness is in question,as is the case with the high purchases of auto market,depending only on the environmental protection policy of the gove
37、rnment is of little value.,(own consciousness/depend on/environmental protection policy),危险的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定，策略性地满足了那小部分大声疾呼的示威者，这只是权宜之计，而这些决定的后果和造成的破坏性影响要很久才会显现。,原句译文,逆译练习,There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolutions to diplomatically satisfy the smal
38、l minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.,句型提炼,There is the danger/risk that,while,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“由于某种情况导致的严重结果”。,句型应用,(involve in/ecological environment/influence on),典型例句,可怕的是，当人们用动物进行医学实验的时候却没有意识到将会破坏生态平衡，最终影
39、响到我们的下一代。,意群提示,There is the risk that the people who are involved in animal research wont realize the damage to the ecological environment while the consequence will influence on our younger generation.,因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以反对嗓门很大，但却是被误导的少数群体。,原句译文,逆译练习,Hence,the real question is whe
40、ther an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud,but misdirected,minority.,句型提炼,Hence,the real question/problem is whether but,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“人们应该面对的真正问题”。,句型应用,(basic news evaluation standard/impartiality of objective news),典型例句,因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数没有基本新闻评判标准的受众人群来维护新闻消息的
41、客观公正性，以反对影响面很大，但却是被误导的少数媒体。,意群提示,Hence,the real question is whether majority who dont have the basic news evaluation standard can be aroused to maintain the impartiality of objective news against some influential,but misdirected,minority media.,Yes,absolutely.Advancement of science necessitates anim
42、al research.It manifests that drug experimentation on live mammals is far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in testing drug safety.Secondly,in space research,live animals are still the only viable alternative to humans in testing living creature reaction to ou
43、ter-space experience on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts.,1.Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful?and why?,to be continued,2.How did we reduce the harm to animals?,I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals.
44、However,I am convinced that there are no feasible alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development.On balance,I think that we should allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic,anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimi
45、ze the pain inflicted upon the test animal and augment the general welfare of these animals.,to be continued,Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different times of the human history.It is such a complicated relationship between human and animals.In the entire ecosystem of the earth,human can
46、t live without animals.Human rise to the top of the food chain subsisting harmonious with animals.The integrity of ecological species is also important to the development of humans future.,3.What is the relationship between human and animals?,First,there are three stages for us to understand the ear
47、things(生物).We all live in the earth,there are no sexism(性别歧视),racism(种族歧视)and speciesism(物种歧视),included all creatures and human beings.Humans are not the only creature in the earth and share the resource with any other animal.,to be continued,What is the conflict between animal rights activists and
48、physician scientists?,Second,the term of vivisection(活体解剖)is called medical experiment by the living animals,they called it medical science.The reason is to discover the essential methods of curing the humans disease.There are two mistakes here,one is the effectiveness(有效性)of this way,another is dif
49、ferent reaction between human and animals.,What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?,to be continued,Third,is this the exemplify the most extreme racist theories(极端种族主义)of Nazi as same as the human slaughter(屠杀)animals?The creatures shouldnt measure by man,they a
50、re another nations,what should we do?,What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?,Animals or children?A scientists choice,Section A,Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports
