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1、现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到.,（1）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）Knowledge begins with practice.She said that the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.served-The girl _ weight recently.-Yes,she _ too much.has
2、 gained,is eating B.gains,eats C.is gaining,ate D.is gaining,eats,2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用,如always,often,now and then等。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、
3、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.,4)少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况,句中常带有时间状语.The shop cl
4、oses at 11:00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.,5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时,如when,before,until,If,as soon as等。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.-Put the
5、se glasses away before they _.-OK.Ill put them in the cupboard.have broken B.are breaking C.get brokenD.will be broken6)倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.,一般过去时:1)基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去
6、的习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Ma
7、ry in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave,He told me he _an interesting novel last night.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。,一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met
8、 her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.,read,yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2008,before liberation,at that time,3)追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and
9、 acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气.这样的词有think,wonder,hope等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.,5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost
10、 it.6)常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with mybrother before.I didnt recognize him.,3.一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.3)表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形be going to
11、 do be about to do(正要干什么)be to do,be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误)-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to-Alic
12、e,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.,3.be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.
13、be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,4be about to do 表示“正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when 连用，when 此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词 构成句型：be about to do when.I was about to leave when it rained.,特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane
14、leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow,但没有will,be going to)（2）某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been,表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,仅限于少量动词：return,stay,do,have,see sb off Are you staying here till nex
15、t week?,工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座水坝。风挺大有人找你接电话。,How are you getting on with your work?The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam here.Its blowing hard.Someone is asking for you on the phone.,现在进行时:1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一
16、定正在进表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ jus
17、t(只是)now.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study,My money _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run outD.is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore C.are w
18、earing D.were wearing,1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been watching现在进行时与alw
19、ays,continually,constantly,never 等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。,过去进行时1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I do
20、nt listened D.I didnt listeneg.This time yesterday,they were having lunch,2 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watching-Why werent you at the meeting?-I
21、 _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night.A.are,expect B.were,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tire
22、d.-Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked,3 在简单句中有at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had wor
23、ked特别注意：与always连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.,1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly think its smart.A.wasnt making B.dont makeC.wont makeD.didnt make2.To find the street where I lived
24、in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A.is changingB.has changedC.will have changedD.will change3.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A.will swim B.have swumC.swam D.swims4.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.
25、A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn upC.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up,5.Im terribly sorry for being late,but I _ the wrong bus.A.catch B.had caughtC.caughtD.catching7.The truth,sir,is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A.was to walk B.had been walking C.walked D.was walking8.I reall
26、y dont think Rose will be upset,but I will go and see her in case she _.A.is B.does C.will beD.has been9.The computers made by our company sell best,but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A.were playingB.were to playC.had played D.played,10.Kate is in ho
27、spital.Oh,really?I _._ visit her.A.didnt know;Ill go andB.dont know;Ill go andC.dont know;Im going toD.didnt know;Im going to11.Where _ the guidebook?I cant see it anywhere.I _ it right here,but now its gone.A.did you put;have putB.had you put;have putC.have you put;putD.were you putting;put14.Do yo
28、u live in this city?No,we _ it for holidays.A.just visit B.just visited C.are just visiting D.have visited15.How is the old man now?Sorry,he _ though they did all they could to save him.A.was deadB.had died C.has been dead D.died,16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A.will be
29、taken B.are takenC.were taken D.had been taken 17.Im afraid it will be two months _.A.when I come back B.when Ill come backC.before I come backD.before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A.had worked,had left B.were working;had left C.wor
30、king;had leftD.had worked;left19.The notice _“No smoking”.A.is told B.readsC.tells D.is read,（4）现在完成时现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)is the first(second)time that+完成时Th
31、is(That/It)is the only+that+完成时This(that/It)is the best/finest/most interesting+that 从句+完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,（5）过去完成时 常用过去完成时的
32、几种情况：1.在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned+to hav
33、e done。I had hoped to see her again.我本希望再见她一面.(但没能如愿)3）“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.,4）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：We had no so
34、oner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.,1.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A.died B.would die C.had died D.has
35、 died 2.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned 3.I _ my son _ a doctor,but he wasnt good enough at science.A.hoped;would become B.had hoped;would become C.had hoped;will become D.hope;will become 4.I _ to take a good ho
36、liday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped 5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come,（6）过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：would do、was/were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、le
37、ave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。7）过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。,9.现在完成进行时,构成：have/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,that why I _ to work by train.A.have been going B.h
38、ave gone C.was going D.will have gone,9.将来完成时：will/shall+have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：by the end of+将来时间的短语,by the time+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.10.一般将来进行时；will be doing/shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be do
39、ing this time tomorrow?,1.By the end of this month,we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A.have found B.will be found C.will have found D.are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A.must have lasted B.will have lastedC.would last D.has lasted,1.-Where _you _(put)the
40、 book?I cant see it anywhere.-I _(put)it right here.But now its gone.A.did;put;put B.have;put;put C.did;put;have put D.have;put;have put2.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened3.Hello,I _ you were in London.How long
41、_ here?A.dont know;were you B.hadnt known;are you C.havent known;are D.didnt know;have you been4.Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.A.finished;were B.have finished;are C.have finished;were D.had finished;were5.When I was at college I _ three foreign language bu
42、t I _ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten C.had spoken;have forgotten,2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时,1.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted 2.-Have you had any
43、 letters from him?-No,I havent,but my wife _ him regularly.A.has heard from B.has been hearing from C.had heard from D.hears,3.现在进行时和过去进行时 1.I dont really work here.I _ until the new secretary _.A.just help out;comes B.have just helped out;will come C.am just helping out;comes D.will just help out;h
44、as come 2.-When shall we leave?-As soon as I _ what I _.A.will finish;do B.have finished,am doing C.finish,will do D.finish,do 3.At that time he _ in the library.A.worked B.had worked C.was working D.would work 4.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_in the office.A.were worki
45、ng;had left B.worked;left C.had worked;left D.were working;would leave 5.-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing.B.I wasnt noticing.C.I havent noticed.D.I dont notice.E.I didnt notice.F.I wont notice,4.一般过去时和过去进行时 1.He _ a book about China last year,but I dont know if
46、 he _ it.A.wrote;has finished B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished D.wrote;will finish 2.Tom _ into the house when no one _.A.slipped;was noticing B.had slipped;noticed C.slipped;had noticed D.was slipping;noticed 3.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read;was falling B.was rea
47、ding;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 4.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was picking B.saw;picked C.had seen;picked D.saw;was picking,2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时
48、应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.,主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all
49、 day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。,当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被
50、动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It
