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1、【专升本 英语 语法基础】时态&语态By Gordon,英语共有16种时态，其表现形式如下（以study为例）：,返回,一、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点：表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,always,from time to time,everyday,sometimes等词。例子：1.He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.2.She has a brother who lives in New York.3.The earth goes around the sun.4.Guangzhou is
2、situated in the south of China.,考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境里，也要用一般现在时。I learned that the earth is bigger than the moon when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。常用的引导词有：时间：when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute,the day;条件：if,unless,provided I will let her know if she com
3、es back.考点三：在the morethe more句型中，若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study,the better job you will get.,二、一般过去时 表示过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性的动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday,last night,in 1984,at the time/moment,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,whenetc.考点一：used to do 表示过去习惯做，但现在已不再做的
4、事。区别：be/become/get used to doing 表示现在习惯做某事。He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early in the morning.I am used to having breakfast now.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.She wanted to go shopping if she had money.,三、一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和to
5、morrow,next year,in 2020等表示将来的时间状语连用。考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时表示将来时。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.I am coming home soon.考点三：祈使句+and/or+句子，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语
6、用一般将来时。Study hard and you will make it one day!,考点四：一般将来时的五种句型1.Will do2.Be(am,is,are)going to do3.be to do4.Be about to do5.be on the point of doingI was about to sleep when she called me.They are to be married in this May.It is on the point of raining.,完 成 时,助动词：have结构：have+动词（be动词）的过去分词现在完成时：have
7、+done过去完成时：had+done将来完成时：will have+done注意：1.完成时的被动结构；2.完成时与完成进行时的区别。,四、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果和影响仍存在。考点一：for+时间段；since+时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years./since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语:lately,recently,just,already,yet,up to now,till now,so fa
8、r,these days,etc.Has it stopped raining yet?My girlfriend has been back already.考点三：表示“最近几世纪、年、月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。In the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years;during the last three months;for the last few centuries;through centuries;throughout historyetc.,考点四：表示“第几次做某事”，或在“it is
9、 the best(worst,most interesting)+名词+that”后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.五、过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。这种时态从来不孤立使用（before,after,by,up till）。There had
10、 been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.,考点一：用于hardly/scarcelywhen;no soonerthan句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to sn
11、ow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had been parted.考点三：动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,pan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望，打算和意图。（表虚拟语气）I had hoped that I could do the j
12、ob.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.,六、将来完成时表示将来某时刻之前将会完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year,by 8 oclock this evening,by March next year 以及由by the time,before或when等引导的副词从句By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles.By the time you reach the station
13、,the train will have left.By next Tuesday,I will have got ready for the examinations.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.,七、现在进行时 表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动，或者表示感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如：always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩
14、（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。Marry is leaving on Friday.I am coming this weekend.考点三：不能用于进行时的动词 P15,八、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy w
15、as doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shout for the help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.I was sleeping when the thief came into my house.,九、完成进行时 完成进行时指动作在完成时的
16、基础上还要继续下去。The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages,but nothing has happened.十、将来进行时 表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.,动词的语态 一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态，语气和非谓语动词一
17、起考，只是需要注意以下考点：考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 Come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed etc.e.g.:It took place before liberation.,考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。lock,wash,sell,read,wear,blame,ride,writeetc.The pr
18、oducts sells well.The door locks.考点三：一些常用的经典被动句型It is said,It is reported,It is widely believed,It is expected据说，人们认为,考点四：在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe,taste,smell等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.时态、语态答题思路先根据选项的区别确定考题要点的时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案；根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。,Homework,1.完成阅读理解第一类型1，2两篇文章P120、121 及第二类型的阅读1，2两篇文章P140、141，共4篇。2.完成翻译练习第一、二单元P151、152。3.复习重点单词、句型（教材上和补充的）。,End of the Class To be Continued,
