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1、MINIMUM VENTILATION最小通风系统,September 2011Bernard Green,Discussion Topics 讨论题,Why we ventilate 为什么要通风？When do we use minimum ventilation?什么时间使用最小通风系统？Bird requirements 鸡只需求Effects of temperature on oxygen demand 温度对氧气需求的影响House sealing and insulation 鸡舍的密封与保温隔热Problems with poorly sealed houses 鸡舍密封差的
2、问题Potential solutions to managing curtain/leaky houses 管理卷帘/漏风鸡舍的建议方法What is negative pressure 什么是负压？Why it is important 为什么很重要？Minimum ventilation system 最小通风系统Minimum ventilation rate 最小通风量Evaluating minimum ventilation 评估最小通风,Why We Ventilate 我们为什么要通风？,We ventilate to:我们通风的目的是：Create an air excha
3、nge 创造空气交换Control moisture levels 控制湿度水平Control the heat load 控制热量水平Control the effective temperature(T+RH+air speed)控制有效温度（温度+相对湿度+空气速度）Supply oxygen 提供氧气Remove harmful gases 排除有害气体,When Do We Use Min Vent?我们什么时间使用最小通风系统?,It can be used summer and winter 冬夏均可使用It is used anytime the actual house te
4、mperature is below the required set point temperature for the birds 只要舍内温度低于鸡舍所设定温度时就可使用。It is used when trying to maintain temperature,but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 只有在又要保持舍内温度，又需要少量的新鲜空气保持舍内良好空气质量时就可使用。When the house temperature goes above th
5、e required set point temperature,then it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 鸡舍温度高于所设定的温度时，无需再使用最小通风系统。,Set Point Temperature温度设定点,Minimum Ventilation 最小通风系统,Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 过渡通风或纵向通风系统,Bird Requirements 鸡只需求,Warm floor during brooding 育雏期地面要暖和Good air quality(oxygen)空气质量良好（氧气
6、）No temperature fluctuations 无温度高低起伏No drafts 无贼风No environmental stresses 无环境应激It doesnt matter what type of housing you have!不管您有什么类型的鸡舍都无所谓These are the bird requirements 这些就是鸡只的需求,Effects of Temperature on Oxygen Demand 温度对氧气需求的影响,Oxygen demand is lowest when the environment allows the chick to
7、be in its thermoneutral zone 环境条件允许鸡只处于热平衡局域时氧气的需求量最低。As environmental temperature decreases,oxygen demand increases 随着环境温度降低，氧气需求量上升。You cannot compromise ventilation for temperature 切不可为保全温度而牺牲通风When environmental temperature increases and the bird begins to pant,oxygen demand increases 环境温度上升时，鸡只
8、开始张嘴喘气，氧气需求量上升。,House Sealing and Insulation鸡舍的密封与保温,Regardless of the type of ventilation system,it is important to seal the house 无论哪种类型的通风系统，密封鸡舍至关重要。Gives better control over what is happening inside 可更好地掌控鸡舍内的情况。Reduces the effect of outside conditions 降低鸡舍外部条件的影响。Gives you more control over th
9、e incoming air 可更好地控制进入鸡舍的空气。Insulation keeps heat in during winter 冬季可保存鸡舍内的热量。Insulation keeps heat out during summer 夏季可隔绝外部的热量。,Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses鸡舍密封差所带来的问题,Cold floors due to drafts 贼风而造成的地面寒冷Cold drafts onto the chicks 贼风侵扰鸡只Cant maintain temperature in winter 冬季无法保持舍内温度Cant v
10、entilate effectively in winter 冬季无法做到有效通风Stress,stocking density,uniformity,health,poor start 应激，饲养密度，均匀度，鸡群健康，育雏开端不良Cold drafts onto the heater probe 贼风吹到供热器的感应探头Heat loss through the cracks and openings 缝隙损失热能No mixing of cold incoming air with warm inside air 进入的冷空气不能与舍内的热空气混合Unable to access the
11、 heat in the peak of the roof 不能达到顶棚高度存在的热空气High heating costs,cant maintain temperature 供热能源成本高并无法保持舍内温度,Poor Sealing,Always seal from outside,密封差,一定要在舍外进行密封,Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door,鸡舍末端大门漏入冷空气,Sealed vs.Unsealed Side Wall,密封良好对比没有密封的边墙,Sealed vs.Unsealed Side Wall,密封良好对比没有密封的边墙,Chick Spr
12、ead Uninsulated,Poor Seal,鸡群分布状况 没有保温，密封差,Chick Spread Insulated,Sealed,鸡群分布状况 保温密封良好,House Leakage,Cold Floors,鸡舍漏风，地面寒冷,热能浪费,地面寒冷，垫料潮湿，加热器满负荷运转,Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day,有风日卷帘漏风,Air Leakage Through a Poorly Sealed Curtain,卷帘密封差存在漏风现象,Potential Solutions to Managing Curtain/Leaky Houses 管理卷帘/漏
13、风鸡舍的方法,SEAL THE HOUSE!(minimal cost,huge impact)把鸡舍密封起来！（最低成本，巨大影响）Make sure curtains seal 确保卷帘密封Seal around doors 密封门和框周边Seal eave of the roof 密封屋檐Seal all joints in the roof 密封屋顶所有联接处Roof insulation(summer and winter benefit)屋顶保温（利于冬夏）Review your heating system(type and capacity)评估供暖系统 型能Radiant h
14、eaters put the heat where the chicks need it 加热器位置Review your heat distribution 审核舍内供暖分布情况 Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 至少提前2-3天预热鸡舍Make sure floors are warm before chicks arrive 确保雏鸡入舍前地面温度暖和适宜。,Potential Solutions to Managing Curtain/Leaky Houses管理卷帘/漏风鸡舍的方法,Fan Jet system explained bel
15、ow 鼓风机系统-下面解释Install minimum ventilation examples below 安装最小通风系统 看下面例证。Circulation fans can help to distribute heat(but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation)循环风机有助于均匀分布舍内热能（但绝不能取代最小通风系统）,Radiant Heating辐射热加热器,Puts heat where needed,on the floor安置在需要的地方，地面等,Fan Jet 鼓风机,Inlet Damper 进风口导流
16、板,Fan Jet 鼓风机,Fan Jet System 鼓风机系统,Fan Jet System 鼓风机系统,Advantages:优点：“Positive pressure”system“正压”系统House does not have to be extremely well sealed 没必要完全密封Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 鼓风机连续运转 可很好地混合舍内空气和热能Incoming air directed up away from birds 进入鸡舍的空气不会吹到鸡只身上Heating syste
17、m can be located at FJ for distribution 供热系统可以放到鼓风机系统便于均匀分布Relatively cheap system 相比之下费用较低的系统Disadvantages:缺点：May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle 不能够提供整个周期的最小通风Depends on stocking density,weight 取决于鸡群饲养密度和重量,Air Cannons 进风管,Pressure Balanced Inlet 压力平衡的进风口,Air Cannons,Pressur
18、e Inlets 进风管，压力进风口,Advantages:优点：Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 相当有效的最小通风系统Fairly cost effective cheap“inlets”(90mm pipe)实惠的进风口9cm管Curtains stay closed 卷帘一直保持关闭状态Mixes incoming air with warm house air 进入的空气与舍内暖气体相混合Disadvantages:缺点：System works on negative pressure,so系统以负压方式工作，所以.Hous
19、e must be well sealed,or else鸡舍必须密封良好，否则.House may get colder than before,chicks more stressed 鸡舍可能比以往更凉些，鸡只受应激更大Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 除非鸡舍密封绝对良好，否则不要采用这个方式Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需要通风控制设备或者定时器,Bringing in Cold Air 将冷空气带入鸡舍,Negative Pressure
20、 Ventilation负压通风Closed Environment Houses密闭式鸡舍,What is Negative Pressure?什么是负压？,When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 当风机从鸡舍排出去的空气量大于进入鸡舍的空气量.When this happens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 此现象发生时外界空气就要通过进风口补充被排出的气体Just becau
21、se a fan is running,doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 风机在运转并不意味着就有负压,Side curtain full open,air short-cuts to fans 边墙卷帘全部打开，接近风机的空气形成短路.,Ventilated 被通风,Not Ventilated没有被通风,No Negative Pressure没有负压,Side curtain slightly closed.Air still short-cuts to fans.边墙卷帘被关上一小部分，空气仍然短路,Ventilated被通风,Not V
22、entilated 没有被通风,No Negative Pressure 没有负压,Side curtain more closed.Air drawn from further down house.边墙卷帘又被关上一部分，舍内更进一步的空气被拉动,Ventilated被通风,Not Ventilated没有被通风,No Negative Pressure没有负压,Side curtain almost closed.Air drawn from entire length of house.边墙卷帘几乎全被关上，整个鸡舍内部的空气全部被拉动,Ventilated被通风,Negative P
23、ressure in Whole House整个鸡舍形成负压,Ventilated被通风,Why Is It Important?为什么这很重要？,With negative pressure,air enters evenly through every inlet 在负压情况下，空气均匀地通过每一个进风口进入鸡舍。If your house leaks,it also comes through all the leaks!如鸡舍密封不好，空气也会从漏缝进入鸡舍。By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 进
24、风口安装分布均匀，所进入的新鲜空气分布也会均匀。By restricting inlet size,can regulate incoming air speed 通过限制进风口的大小，可以调节空气进入的速度。Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制进入的空气应到达的位置Air should go to the middle(peak)of the roof 空气应该到达屋顶中间部位Higher incoming speed allows better mixing 空气进入的速度越高，混合效果越好Pressure determin
25、es the incoming air speed 压力决定空气进入的速度High pressure high air speed 压力越大进入空气速度越快 Low pressure low air speed 压力越低进入空气速度越慢The wider the house higher the pressure 鸡舍越宽压力越高By using pressure,we can put the air where we want it 利用压力，我们想让空气去哪它就去哪。,Air Movement Based on Pressure取决于压力的空气运动,Low Pressure压力低,Bit
26、higher压力高了一点,Higher压力更高一些,Just right 压力刚刚合适,Minimum Ventilation System最小通风系统,Cross ventilation is most successful 横向通风最成功Fans and inlets located in the side walls 风机和进风口安装在边墙Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 热空气聚集在屋顶部Fans operate on a cycle timer 风机根据循环定时器工作Pressure controlled side wall inlets
27、 direct cold air to peak 受控制的的压力使边墙的进风口将冷空气导向屋顶Cold,moist air mixes and pushes hot,dry air down 阴冷潮湿的空气混合使暖和干燥的空气往下运动Distributes fresh,warm air 分布新鲜温暖的空气Low air movement at bird level(0,25ms-1)鸡只高度的空气缓慢运动（0,25ms-1）,Cross Ventilation 横向通风,Proper Inlet Air Flow适宜的进入鸡舍的空气运动,Inlet Air Flow进风口的空气运动,“Seei
28、ng”Air Movement看得到的空气运动,Pressure low,Pressure better,but still low,Pressure right 压力合适,Pressure too high 压力太高,压力低,压力好些，但仍低,Air Movement with Cassette Tape用磁带条观看空气运动,Air Inlet Management进风口的管理,Inlets should open at least 4-5cm during minimum ventilation 使用最小通风系统时，进风口最小开口4-5厘米Having fewer inlets openi
29、ng correct amount is better than too many opening only a little 进风量正确的情况下，少用几个进风口比多用几个进风口（每个进风口开很小）要好些。Inlets must open equally 进风口必须开口要一致Inlets used must be evenly distributed 所使用的进风口必须均匀分布Must operate on static pressure 必须根据静压工作Air direction plate required if there are ceiling obstructions 如顶棚有障碍物
30、，需要使用导流板Good inlet management is important!进风口管理十分重要！Take care when choosing new inlets 选种新进风口时要注意,Air Flow Through Modern Inlet通过现代进风口的空气流动,Air Flow Through“Older”Type Inlet”老式“进风口的空气流动,Controller 控制器,There are simple,and complicated controllers available 市面上的控制器有简单的也有复杂的。Choose one that you can us
31、e with confidence!选择一个您信得过且得心应手的产品A complicated controller is worth nothing if you cant use it!复杂的控制器如果您不会使用等于废物点心。Many people make a mistake and chose a controller that is too complicated and then they dont get good results.很多人都犯同样的错误，选择一个非常复杂的控制器，反而 得不到好结果。,Management/Stockmanship管理与饲养管理专业技巧,The a
32、bove is not worth much without good management 没有良好的管理上述一切等于空谈。Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人员是鸡只和通风系统之间的桥梁。Must be able to“read”bird behaviour and other signs 必须能够“读懂”鸡只的行为和其它一些迹象。Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必须能够调整通风来满足鸡只的需求There is no ventilati
33、on system that does not require management 世上没有不需要管理的通风系统Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important!对于新设备和新工艺的培训和教导非常重要！,Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通风量,Theoretical/calculated rates(?m3/hr/kg)are only a guide!理论上或计算出来的通风量只是一个指导！The right minimum rate is critical for b
34、ird performance and to minimise heat consumption 对于鸡群的生产性能小而正确的量至关重要，可尽可能地减少能源消耗。Extremely fine line between under and over ventilating 要在通风不足或通风过量中找到特别适宜的一条线（合适的量）Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通风不足 鸡群生产性能会打折扣。Over ventilation excessive heat consumption,dry house,possible drafts
35、on birds 通风过量 能源浪费，鸡舍干燥，有可能还会有贼风。Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天都有评估最小通风量的设定Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通风风机应按照定时器运转,Example Calculation计算例证,Assume:假如：Bird weight=800g;10 000 birds 鸡只重量=800克，10000只鸡Ventilation“factor”=0,68 1,02m/hr/kg(Breeder Gui
36、de)Calculation:通风“因数”=0.68-1.02立方米/小时/公斤（种鸡手册）Ventilation=10 000 x 0,8kg x 0,8m/hr/kg=6 400m/hr 计算=10,000 x 0.8kg x 0.8m3/小时/公斤=6400m3/小时Cycle Timer Setting:定时器的设定：5 minute cycle;1 x fan 20 000m/hr(example)5分钟循环；1x风机20000立方米/小时（例子）Time ON=(6 400 x 5)(1 x 20 000)=1,6 minutes 运转时间：（6400 x5）(1 x 20 000
37、)=1.6分Time ON=1 min 36 sec 运转:=1分36秒Time OFF=3 min 24 sec 停机:=3分24秒Note:This is an example on how to perform the calculation,and does not necessarily suggest that the“Ventilation Factor”used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilation 注意:这只是如何计算的例子,并不完全建议上述使用的通风因数是唯一计算最小 通风量的方法,Evaluating
38、Minimum Ventilation 评估最小通风系统,The only way is by visiting the house 唯一的方法去鸡舍探究竟Done preferably first thing each morning 每早作为第一件事最好Evaluate in the first 30 seconds:用最初30秒钟来评估:Stuffiness 憋闷Ammonia 氨气Condensation(walls,drinker pipes,steelwork)冷凝水(墙壁,饮水管道,钢结构件)Bird comfort 鸡只舒适“AIR QUALITY”“空气质量”What you
39、 feel in first 30 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 最初30秒您所感到的就是鸡群整夜所经历的.“Purging”the house is unacceptable 对鸡舍清晨进行“大扫荡”不可取,Remember!请记住!,Minimum ventilation determines how much fresh air you bring into the house(air quality)最小通风系统决定您给鸡舍送进多少新鲜空气(空气质量)Pressure is used to make the air go where you want it to when it enters the house 空气进入鸡舍时,压力是用来使空气去您所想让它去的地方,THANK YOU谢 谢!,
