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1、Which ethnic minority(少数民族)do they belong to?,Manchu,满族,Brief Introduction,Manchu History 渊源Manchu Distribution 分布Cultural Assimilation 文化同化Mandarin 普通话Clothing 服饰,Manchu History,The first ancestors of the Manchu were the Sushen（肃慎）,a people who lived during the second and first millennia（千年）BC.One
2、of the tribes（部落）of the Mohe（靺鞨）,the Heishui(Black Water)tribe,eventually became the ancestors of the Jurchens（女真）,from whom the Manchu originated.（起源）The Jurchens under the lead of Wanyan clan（完颜家族）established the Jin Dynasty(literally Golden Dynasty)that ruled the northern half of China(11151234)a
3、nd rivaled the Song Dynasty in southern China.The Jin were conquered（征服）by the Mongols.（蒙古）Before the seventeenth century,the ancestors of the Manchus were generally a pastoral people（游牧民族）,existing on hunting,fishing and engaging in limited agriculture and pig-farming.,Their tradition Hunting,Manch
4、u Distribution,Manchu spreads almost all over the China.It is in the countrys 31 provinces,mainly concentrated in the province of Liaoning,accounting for 51%of the total population of the manchu.In addition,the areas of the Manchu population at about 1000000 are Beijing,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Heilongj
5、iang and Jilin.满族的分布几乎遍布全国，在全国31个省，主要集中在辽宁省，总人口51%。此外，满族人口约1 000000的地区是北京，河北，内蒙古，黑龙江和吉林。,The Manchu people has been largely assimilated（同化）with the Han（汉族）Chinese.The Manchu language is almost extinct(消失),and now is spoken only among a small number of elderly people in remote rural areas of northeas
6、tern China and a few scholars（学者）.In recent years,however,there has been a resurgence（复兴）of interest in Manchu culture among both ethnic Manchus and Han.The number of Chinese today with some Manchu ancestry（血统）is quite large,and the adoption（采纳）of favorable policies towards ethnic minorities（少数民族）su
7、ch as preferential（优先）university admission,government employment opportunities and more than one child admission has encouraged some people with mixed Han and Manchu ancestry to re-identify themselves as Manchu.,Cultural Assimilation,Mandarin(普通话),Common Language(also Putonghua)was formed with the h
8、elp of Manchu dialect（方言）.If there were no Manchu dialect,we havent spoken this kind of common language for so many years!If there were no Manchu dialect,the received pronunciation of Chinese today would be like Jiangsu dialect!Common Language was based on the pronunciation of Beijing dialect,and th
9、e vocabulary and pronunciation of Beijing dialect was deeply influenced by Manchu dialect!So now youll be clearer about how does the word“mandarin”comes from？,Clothing,They traditionally coiled（缠）their hair in high tufts（绺，髻）on top of their heads and wore earrings,long gowns（长袍）.The women with highe
10、r social status(社会地位)wore silk clothing while cotton clothing was worn by women of lower social status.Some costumes（服饰）including qipao(旗袍)and mandarin jacket（马褂）,Mandarin dress are still popular all over China.The mans clothing once consisted of a short and adjusted jacket over a long gown with a b
11、elt at the waist to facilitate（协助）horse-riding and hunting.Unlike the Han,the Manchu did not practice foot binding（裹足）.,The original qipao（旗袍）was wide and loose.It covered most of the womans body,revealing（露出）only the head,hands,and the tips of the toes.The modern version,which is now recognized pop
12、ularly in China as the standard qipao,was first developed in Shanghai after 1900,the Qing Dynasty decline.Nowadays,they dont have their own ethnic cloting except those live in remote areas.The dress like han people.,Mandarin Jacket for Empress皇后龙褂,Long gown and mandarin jacket 长袍和马褂,Belt and accessories腰带和配饰,The original qipao,Waistcoat 马甲、坎肩,The modern qipao,Thank you for you attention!,
