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1、TESTATime30minutes20Questions1. Mr.Janeck:IdontbelieveStevensonwillwintheelectionforgovernor.Fewvotersarewillingtoelectabusinessmanwithnopoliticalexperiencetosucharesponsiblepublicoffice.Ms.Siuzdak:You/rewrong.Theexperienceofrunningamajorcorporationisavaluablepreparationforthetaskofrunningastategove
2、rnment.M.SiuzdaksresponseshowsthatshehasinterpretedMr.Janeck,sremarktoimplywhichofthefollowing?(A) Mr.JaneckconsidersStevensonunqualifiedfortheofficeofgovernor.(B) Nocandidatewithoutpoliticalexperiencehaseverbeenelectedgovernorofastate.(C) Mr.Janeckbelievesthatpoliticalleadershipandbusinessleadershi
3、parecloselyanalogous.(D) Acareerspentinthepursuitofprofitcanbeanimpedimenttoone/sabilitytorunastategovernmentfairly.(E) Votersgenerallyoverestimatethevalueofpoliticalexperiencewhenselectingacandidate.2. Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?Onetax-reformproposalthathasgainedincreasingsuppo
4、rtinrecentyearsistheflattax,whichwouldimposeauniformtaxrateonincomesateverylevel.Opponentsoftheflattaxsaythataprogressivetaxsystem,whichleviesahigherrateoftaxesonhigher-incometaxpayers,isfairer;placingthegreaterburdenonthosebetterabletobearit.However,thepresentcrazyquiltoftaxdeductions,exemptions,cr
5、edits,andloopholesbenefitsprimarilythehigh-incometaxpayer,whoisconsequentlyabletoreducehisorhereffectivetaxrate,oftentoalevelbelowthatpaidbythelower-incometaxpayer.Therefore,(A) higher-incometaxpayersarelikelytolendtheirsupporttotheflat-taxproposalnowbeingconsideredbyCongress(B) aflat-taxsystemthata
6、llowednodeductionsorexemptionswouldsubstantiallyincreaseactualgovernmentrevenues(C) thelower-incometaxpayermightwellbepenalizedbytheinstitutionofaflat-taxsysteminthiscountry(D) theprogressivenatureofourpresenttaxsystemismoreillusorythanreal(E) theflattaxwouldactuallybefairertothelower-incometaxpayer
7、thananyprogressivetaxsystemcouldbe3. Aspartofourprogramtohalttheinfluxofillegalimmigrants,theadministrationisproposingthecreationofanationalidentitycard.ThecardwouldbeavailableonlytoU.S.citizensandtoregisteredaliens,andallpersonswouldberequiredtoproducethecardbeforetheycouldbegivenajob.Ofcourse,such
8、asystemholdsthepotential,howeverslight,fortheabuseofcivilliberties.Therefore,allpersonalinformationgatheredthroughthissystemwouldbeheldstrictlyconfidential,tobereleasedonlybyauthorizedpersonnelunderappropriatecircumstances.ThosewhoareincompliancewithU.S.lawswouldhavenothingtofearfromtheidentitycards
9、ystem.Inevaluatingtheaboveproposal,apersonconcernedaboutthemisuseofconfidentialinformationwouldbemostinterestedinhavingtheauthorclarifythemeaningofwhichofthefollowingphrases?(A) zzallpersonsw(line5)(B) zzhoweverslightw(line7)(C) wcivilIibertiesw(line8)(D) /appropriateCircumstancesw(line11)(E) U.S.la
10、ws(line2)4. Atonetime,EuropeanandJapanesecompaniestriedtoimitatetheirAmericanrivals.Today,AmericanappliancemanufacturersimportEuropeanscientiststoleadtheirresearchstaffs;AmericanautomakersdesigncarsthatmimicthestylingofGerman,Italian,andFrenchimports;andAmericanelectronicsfirmsboastintheiradvertisin
11、gofzzJapanese-StyIewdevotiontoqualityandreliability.Intheworldofhightechnology,Americahaslostthebattleforinternationalprestige.Eachofthefollowingstatements,iftrue,wouldhelptosupporttheclaimaboveEXCEPT:(A) AnAmericancameracompanyclaimsinitspromotionalliteraturetoproducecamerasasfineasthebestSwissimpo
12、rts/(B) AnAmericanmakerofstereocomponentsdesignsitsproductstoresemblethoseofapopularJapanesefirm.(C) AnAmericanmanufacturerofvideogamesusesabrandnamechosenbecauseitsoundslikeaJapaneseword.(D) AnAmericanmakeroftelevisionsstudiesGerman-madetelevisionsinordertoadoptGermanmanufacturingtechniques.(E) AnA
13、mericanmakeroffrozenfoodsadvertisesitsdinnersas”RealEuropean-StyleentreespreparedbyfineFrenchandItalianchefs/5. JohnsonisonfirmgroundwhenheassertsthattheearlyeditorsofDickinson,spoetryoftendistortedherintentions.YetJohnsonsown,morefaithful,textisstillguiltyofitsownformsofdistortion.TostandardizeDick
14、inson/softenindecipherablehandwrittenpunctuationbytheuseofthedashistorenderpermanentacasualmodeofpoeticphrasingthatDickinsonsurelyneverexpectedtoseeinprint.ItimpliesthatDickinsonchosethedashashertypicalmarkofpunctuationwhen,infact,sheapparentlynevermadeanydefinitivechoiceatall.Whichofthefollowingbes
15、tsummarizestheauthor/smainpoint?(A) AlthoughJohnsonisrightincriticizingDickinson,searlyeditorsfortheirdistortionofherwork,hisowntextisguiltyofequallyseriousdistortions.(B) JohnsonsuseofthedashinhistextofDickinsonspoetrymisleadsreadersaboutthepoet,sintentions.(C) BecauseDickinsonneverexpectedherpoetr
16、ytobepublished,virtuallyanyattemptateditingitmustruncountertoherintentions.(D) AlthoughJohnsonsattempttoproduceamorefaithfultextofDickinsonspoetryiswell-meaning,hisstudyofthemateriallackssufficientthoroughness.(E) Dickinsonseditors,includingJohnson,havefailedtodealadequatelywiththeproblemOfdecipheri
17、ngDickinsonshandwrittenmanuscripts.6. Alawrequiringcompaniestoofferemployeesunpaidtimeofftocarefortheirchildrenwillharmtheeconomiccompetitivenessofournationsbusinesses.Companiesmustbefreetosettheirownemploymentpolicieswithoutmandatedparental-leaveregulations.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostserio
18、uslyweakentheconclusionoftheargumentabove?(A) Aparental-leavelawwillservetostrengthenthefamilyasasocialinstitutioninthiscountry.(B) Manybusinessesinthiscountryalreadyofferemployeessomeformofparentalleave.(C) Someofthecountrieswiththemosteconomicallycompetitivebusinesseshavestrongparental-leaveregula
19、tions.(D) Onlycompanieswithonehundredormoreemployeeswouldbesubjecttotheproposedparental-leavelaw.(E) Inmostpolls,amajorityofcitizenssaytheyfavorpassageofaparental-leavelaw.7. IfA,thenB.IfB,thenC.IfC,thenD.Ifallofthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobetrue?(A) IfD1thenA.(B) IfnotB,the
20、nnotC.(C) IfnotDzthennotA.(D) IfD,thenE.(E) IfnotA,thennotD.8. DearAppIicant:Thankyouforyourapplication.Unfortunately,weareunabletoofferyouapositioninourlocalgovernmentofficeforthesummer.Asyouknow,fundingforsummerjobsislimited,anditisimpossibleforustoofferjobstoallthosewhowantthem.Consequently,weare
21、forcedtorejectmanyhighlyqualifiedapplicants.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheletter?(A) Thenumberofapplicantsforsummerjobsinthegovernmentofficeexceededthenumberofsummerjobsavailable.(B) Theapplicantwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredhighlyqualified.(C) Verylittlefundingwasavailableforsummerjobsi
22、nthegovernmentoffice.(D) Theapplicationofthepersonwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredcarefullybeforebeingrejected.(E) Mostofthosewhoappliedforsummerjobswereconsideredqualifiedfortheavailablepositions.9. Studiesoffatalautomobileaccidentsrevealthat,inthemajorityofcasesinwhichoneoccupantofanautomobileisk
23、illedwhileanothersurvives,itisthepassenger,notthedriver,whoiskilled.Itisironicthattheinnocentpassengershouldsufferforthedriverscarelessness,whilethedriveroftensuffersonlyminorinjuriesornoneatall.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionunderlyingthereasoninginthepassageabove?(A) Inmostfatalautomobileacciden
24、ts,thedriverofacarinwhichanoccupantiskilledisatfault.(B) Driversofautomobilesarerarelykilledinautoaccidents.(C) Mostdeathsinfatalautomobileaccidentsaresufferedbyoccupantsofcarsratherthanbypedestrians.(D) Autosafetyexpertsshouldincreasetheireffortstoprovideprotectionforthoseinthepassengerseatsofautom
25、obiles.(E) Automobilepassengerssometimesplayacontributingroleincausingautoaccidents.QUeSt10llCIrebasedOCthefollowinqAsonewhohasalwaysbelievedthattruthisournation/ssurestweaponinthepropagandawaragainstourfoes,Iamdistressedbyreportsofdisinformation”campaignsbyAmericanintelligenceagentsinWesternEurope.
26、Inadisinformationcampaign,untruthsaredisseminatedthroughgulliblelocaljournalistsinordertodamagetheinterestsofourenemiesandprotectourown.ThosewhodefendthispracticesaythatlyingisnecessarytocounterSovietdisinformationcampaignsaimedatdamagingAmericaspoliticalinterests.Theseapologistscontendthatonemustfi
27、ghtfirewithfire.Iwouldpointouttotheapologiststhatthefiredepartmentfindswatermoreeffective.10. Theauthorofthepassageabovebaseshisconclusiononwhichofthefollowing?(A) Acirculardefinitionof“disinformation”(B) Anexampleoftheineffectivenessoflyingasaweaponinthepropagandawar(C) Ananalogybetweentruthandwate
28、r(D) Anappealtotheauthorityofthefiredepartment(E) AnattackonthecharacterOfAmericanintelligenceagentsinWesternEurope11. Theauthorsmainpointisthat(A) althoughdisinformationcampaignsmaybeeffective,theyareunacceptableonethicalgrounds(B) America/smoralstandingintheworlddependsonitsadherencetothetruth(C)
29、thetemporarypoliticalgainsproducedbydisinformationcampaignsgenerallygivewaytolong-termlosses(D) SovietdisinformationcampaignshavedonelittletodamageAmericasstandinginEurope(E) disinformationcampaignsdonoteffectivelyservethepoliticalinterestsoftheUnitedStates12. Areyoustillreadingtheothernewspaperinto
30、wn?DidyouknowthattheDailyBugleisownedbyanout-of-townbusinesssyndicatethatcouldntcarelessaboutthepeopleofGothamCity?ReadtheDailyClarion,theonlyrealvoiceofthepeopleofGothamCity!Whichofthefollowingmostdirectlyrefutestheargumentraisedintheadvertisementabove?(A) OverhalfoftheadvertisingrevenuesoftheDaily
31、ClarioncomefromfirmswhoseheadquartersarelocatedoutsideofGothamCity.(B) TheDailyClarionusuallydevotesmoreofitspagestoout-of-townnewsthandoestheDailyBugle.(C) Nearly40percentofthereadersoftheDailyClarionresideoutsidethelimitsofGothamCity.(D) Theeditor-in-chiefandalltheothermembersoftheeditorialstaffof
32、theDailyBuglehavelivedandworkedinGothamCityfortenyearsormore.(E) TheDailyBuglehasbeenpublishedinGothamCityforalongertimethanhastheDailyClarion.QUeStiOnS13-14ClrebasedOnthefoHowinq.Theearthsresourcesarebeingdepletedmuchtoofast.Tocorrectthis,theUnitedStatesmustkeepitsresourceconsumptionatpresentlevels
33、formanyyearstocome.13. Theargumentabovedependsonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?(A) PercapitaresourceconsumptionintheUnitedStatesisatanall-timehigh.(B) TheUnitedStateswastesresources.(C) TheUnitedStatesusesmoreresourcesthananyothercountry.(D) TheUnitedStatesimportsmostoftheresourcesituses.(E) Curbing
34、U.S.resourceconsumptionwillsignificantlyretardworldresourcedepletion.14. Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheargumentabove?(A) Newresourcedepositsareconstantlybeingdiscovered.(B) TheUnitedStatesconsumesone-thirdofallresourcesusedintheworld.(C) Othercountriesneedeconomicdevelopmentmoreth
35、antheUnitedStatesdoes.(D) Othercountrieshaveagreedtoholdtheirresourceconsumptionatpresentlevels.(E) TheUnitedStateshasbeenconservingresourcesforseveralyears.15. Alba:IdontintendtovoteforSenatorFrankinthenextelection.Sheisnotastrongsupporterofthewaragainstcrime.Tam:ButSenatorFranksponsoredthelatestan
36、ticrimelawpassedbytheSenate.Alba:IfSenatorFranksponsoredit,itcan,tbeaverystronganticrimelaw.WhichofthefollowingidentifiesthemostseriouslogicalflawinAlba,sreasoning?(A) ThefactsshepresentsdonotsupportherconclusionthatSenatorFrankissoftoncrime.(B) Sheassumeswithoutproofthatcrimeisthemostimportantissue
37、intheupcomingelection.(C) Shearguesinacircle,usinganunsupportedassertiontodismissconflictingevidence.(D) SheattacksSenatorFrankonpersonalgroundsratherthanonhemeritasapoliticalleader.(E) IndecidingnottovoteforSenatorFrank,shefailstoconsiderissuesotherthancrime.16. Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthep
38、assagebelow?themostseriousflawintelevisionscoverageofelectioncampaignsisitstendencytofocusonthehorse-racesideofpoliticsthatis,toconcentrateonthequestionWhoswinning?”attheexpenseofsubstantivecoverageoftheissuesandthecandidatespositionsonthem.Theendlessinterviewswithcampaignmanagers,discussionsofcampa
39、ignstrategies,and,especially,theobsessionwithopinionpollshavesurroundedelectionswiththeatmosphereofafootballgameoraprizefight.Toreformthissituation,afirststepmightwellbe(A) ashorteningofthelengthofelectioncampaignstoaperiodofsixweeks(B) astringentlimitoncampaignspending(C) areductioninthetelevisionc
40、overageofopinionpollsduringelectioncampaigns(D) thepublicationanddistributionofvoter-educationliteraturetoinformthepublicabouteachcandidate/spositiononthemajorissues(E) alimitonthelengthandnumberofpoliticaladvertisementsbroadcastontelevision17. WithProposition13,ifyouboughtyourhouse11yearsagofor$75,
41、000,yourpropertytaxwouldbeapproximately$914ayear(1percentof$75,000increasedby2percenteachyearfor11years);andifyourneighborboughtanidenticalhousenextdoortoyoufor$200,000thisyear,histaxwouldbe$2,000(1percentof$200,000).WithoutProposition13,bothyouandyourneighborwouldpay$6,000ayearinpropertytaxes(3perc
42、entof$200,000).Whichofthefollowingistheconclusionforwhichtheauthormostlikelyisarguinginthepassageabove?(A) Proposition13isunconstitutionalbecauseitimposesanunequaltaxonpropertiesofequalvalue.(B) IfProposition13isrepealed,everyhomeownerislikelytoexperienceasubstantialincreaseinpropertytaxes.(C) Bypre
43、ventinginflationfromdrivinguppropertyvalues,Proposition13hassavedhomeownersthousandsofdollarsinpropertytaxes.(D) IfProposition13isnotrepealed,identicalpropertieswillcontinuetobetaxedatdifferentrates.(E) Proposition13hasbenefitedsomehomeownersmorethanothers.QUeStionS1819CIrebasedOnthefollowinq.Atanen
44、ormousresearchcost,aleadingchemicalcompanyhasdevelopedamanufacturingprocessforconvertingwoodfibersintoaplastic.Accordingtothecompany,thisnewplasticcanbeusedfor;amongotherthings,thehullsofsmallsailboats.Butwhatdoesthecompanythinksailboathullsusedtobemadeof?Surelythemaniaforhightechnologycanscarcelygo
45、furtherthanthis.18. Theauthorsopinionofthemanufacturingprocessdescribedinthepassageisbasedprimarilyonthefactthat(A) plasticisunlikelytobedurableenoughforhigh-qualitysailboathulls(B) theresearchcostsofdevelopingtheprocessoutweighanysavingspossiblefromtheuseoftheplastic(C) asmallsailboatisnotnormallyr
46、egardedasahigh-techproduct(D) hullsforsmallsailboatscanbemadefromwoodwithoutconvertingitintoplastic(E) manyotherspheresofhumanactivityareinfargreaterneedoftechnologicalresearch19. Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheauthorsconclusion?(A) Theplasticproducedbytheprocessisconsiderably
47、lighter,stronger,andmorewatertightthanwood.(B) Thewoodusedinproducingtheplasticisitselfinincreasinglyshortsupply.(C) Thecostofthemanufacturingprocessoftheplasticincreasesthecostofproducingasailboathullby10to15percent.(D) Muchofthecostoftheresearchthatdevelopedthenewprocesswillbewrittenofffortaxpurpo
48、sesbythechemicalcompany.(E) Thedevelopmentofthenewplasticisexpectedtohelpmakethechemicalcompanyanimportantsupplierofboat-buildingmaterials.20. Ayoungmaneagertobecomeamasterswordsmanjourneyedtothehomeofthegreatestteacherofswordsmanshipinthekingdom.Heaskedtheteacher,“Howquicklycanyouteachmetobeamasterswordsman?”Theoldteacherreplied,/zltwilltaketenyears/Unsatisfied,theyoungmanasked,“WhatifIamwillingtoworknightandday,everydayoftheyear?”theteacherreplied,“Inthatcase,itwilltaketwentyyears.wTheteachersmainpointisthatanimportantqualityofamasterswordsmanis(A)humility(B) willingnesst
