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1、No.1,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,低频电磁场有限元分析（ANSYS）,孙岩桦 副教授M&ISI,School of MEXian Jiaotong Univ.Xian,Shaanxi,P.R.China,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.2,3 2D 静态分析3.1 所用单元3.2 分析区域类型3.3 常用材料属性3.4 分析步骤 3.5 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUnive
2、rsity,No.3,3.1 所用单元,(1)2D实体单元,(2)远场单元,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.4,(3)通用电路单元,(4)接触单元,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.5,1）空气自由度：AZ 材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)2）铁磁性物质自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,3）永磁体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,Hc(MGXX,MGYY),3.2 分析区域类型,1/15/2023,M&ISI
3、School of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.6,/PREP7HC=3000!Coercive forceBR=4000!Residual inductionTHETA=30!Permanent magnet orientation*AFUN,DEG!Angular parametric functions in degreesMP,MGXX,2,HC!X component of coercive force,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.7,!B-H curve:TB,BH,2!B
4、-H curve for material 2TBPT,DEFI,-3000+HC,0!Shifted B-H curveTBPT,-2800+HC,500!First field defaults to DEFITBPT,-2550+HC,1000TBPT,-2250+HC,1500TBPT,-2000+HC,1800TBPT,-1800+HC,2000TBPT,-1350+HC,2500TBPT,-900+HC,3000TBPT,-425+HC,3500TBPT,0+HC,4000TBPLOT,BH,2!Plot of B vs.H,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEX
5、ian JiaotongUniversity,No.8,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.9,4）电流激励多股线圈自由度：AZ材料属性：r 用 BFE命令施加单元电流密度JS5）电压激励多股线圈(PLANE53)自由度：AZ，CURR材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)实常数：CARE,TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL用 BFE命令施加电压VLTG耦合区域内所有单元的CURR自由度，因为CURR是流过每匝线圈的电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversit
6、y,No.10,(RSVX):各向同性实常数：CARE：线圈横截面积TURN：线圈匝数LENG：线圈长度，用来计算电特性DIRZ：电流方向FILL：填充系数，影响线圈电阻,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.11,6）运动导体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,(RSVX)（各向同性）实常数：VELOX,VELOY,OMEGAZ,XLOC,YLOC导体运动时区域的空间位置和属性不发生变化，典型应用：实心转子感应电机直线感应电机涡流刹车系统磁轴承,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian
7、JiaotongUniversity,No.12,运动导体分析时所用实常数VELOX,VELOY：全局笛卡尔坐标系中速度分量ZOMEGAZ：旋转角速度,单位：HzXLOC,YLOC：旋转轴在全局笛卡尔坐标系中位置分析时计算精度受集肤效应影响，与下面因素有关：网格剖分的精细程度相对磁导率电导率速度可以用磁雷诺数来衡量（数量级1.0之内有较高精度）：磁导率运动速度电阻率沿运动方向特征长度,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.13,7）不同网格边界自由度：AZ接触单元：TARGE169,CONTA171,CONTA172,CON
8、TA175,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.14,ANSYS 材料库中预定义了如下材料的属性：如果同一材料同时给定B-H曲线和ur，那么使用ur可以指定各向异性相对磁导率，MURX,MURY,MURZ可以同时用ur和B-H曲线指定各方向磁导率，若ur=0,则使用B-H曲线mp,murx,2,1000 mp,mury,2,0!read B-H curve for material 2mp,murz,2,1000,3.3 常用材料属性,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniv
9、ersity,No.15,设置分析环境(/prep7)：建立分析模型、剖分网格并给每个区域设定属性参数施加边界条件和载荷（或激励）求解后处理（/post1）,3.4 分析步骤,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.16,1）边界条件和载荷,a）边界条件磁通垂直（缺省）：磁通平行:AZ=0远场:INFIN9,INFIN110周期性:外部场:直接给定节点AZ值b）激励源电流密度（JS）：BFE,BFA电压降（VLTG）：BFE,BFAc）标记（FLAG）力标记：FMAGBC宏可以直接给物体上施加麦克斯韦应力和虚位移表面标记，以识
10、别需要计算电磁力和力矩的物体。无限大表面：用来表示指向无限大开区域的单元d）其它线电流（CSGX）麦克斯韦表面：在包围铁磁体的空气单元上施加磁虚位移：在和空气接触的铁磁体边界节点上施加,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.17,2）分析选项,a）分析类型：ANTYPE,STATICb）求解算法SparseFrontal solver(缺省)Jacobi Conjugate Gradient(JCG)solverJCG out-of-memory solverIncomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gra
11、dient(ICCG)solverPreconditioned Conjugate Gradient solver(PCG)PCG out-of-memory solverc）注意事项一般采用Sparse或Frontal solver模型很大是，可以采用JCG或PCG solver如果是电压激励或包含速度效应时，只能用sparse,frontal,JCG,ICCG solver电路激励时，只能用Sparse或Frontal solver,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.18,3）后处理,基本结果：节点电磁自由度(AZ,
12、CURR)间接结果：节点磁密(BX,BY,BSUM)节点磁场强度(HX,HY,HSUM)节点电磁力(FMAG:X,Y分量,SUM)节点感生线电流(CSGZ)单元源电流密度(JSZ)单位体积焦耳热(JHEAT).等.,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.19,结果显示：磁力线：等AZ线等高线向量图电磁力、力矩：电参数：线圈电阻电感,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.20,其它宏：CURR2D：calculates current flow in a 2
13、-D conductor.EMAGERR：calculates the relative error in an electrostatic or electromagnetic field analysis.FLUXV：calculates the flux passing through a closed contour.FMAGSUM：summarizes electromagnetic force calculations on element components.FOR2D：calculates magnetic forces on a body.MMF：calculates ma
14、gnetomotive force along a path.PLF2D：generates a contour line plot of equipotentials.SENERGY：determines the stored magnetic energy or co-energy.TORQ2D：calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field.TORQC2D：calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field based on a circular path.TORQSUM：summarizes e
15、lectromagnetic Maxwell and Virtual work torque calculations on element components for 2-D planar problems.,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.21,假定：没有磁饱和周围没有漏磁,3.5 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.22,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,N
16、o.23,！设置分析环境/PREP7/TITLE,2-D Solenoid Actuator Static Analysis！定义单元类型和材料属性ET,1,PLANE53!Define PLANE 53 as element type KEYOPT,1,3,1!Use axisymmetric analysis option MP,MURX,1,1!Define material properties(permeability)MP,MURX,2,1000!Permeability of backiron MP,MURX,3,1!Permeability of coil MP,MURX,4,
17、2000!Permeability of armature,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.24,！定义常量和变量参数/com,!Set parameter values for analysis n=650!Number of coil turns i=1.0!Current per turn ta=.75!Model dimensions(centimeters)tb=.75 tc=.50 td=.75 wc=1 hc=2 gap=.25 space=.25 ws=wc+2*space hs=hc+.75 w=ta
18、+ws+tc hb=tb+hs h=hb+gap+td acoil=wc*hc!Cross-section area of coil(cm*2)jdens=n*i/acoil!Current density(A/cm*2),1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.25,！建立实体模型/PNUM,AREA,1 RECTNG,0,w,0,tb!Create rectangular areas RECTNG,0,w,tb,hb RECTNG,ta,ta+ws,0,hRECTNG,ta+space,ta+space+wc,tb+spa
19、ce,tb+space+hc AOVLAP,ALL RECTNG,0,w,0,hb+gap RECTNG,0,w,0,h AOVLAP,ALL NUMCMP,AREA!Compress out unused area numbers APLOT,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.26,！设定区域材料属性ASEL,S,AREA,2!Assign attributes to coil AATT,3,1,1,0 ASEL,S,AREA,1!Assign attributes to armature ASEL,A,AREA,12
20、,13 AATT,4,1,1 ASEL,S,AREA,3,5!Assign attributes to backiron ASEL,A,AREA,7,8 AATT,2,1,1,0/PNUM,MAT,1!Turn material numbers on ALLSEL,ALL APLOT!Plot areas,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.27,！剖分单元网格SMRTSIZE,4!Set smart size meshing level 4(fine)AMESH,ALL!Mesh all areas！定义力边界ESEL,
21、S,MAT,4!Select armature elements CM,ARM,ELEM!Define armature as a component FMAGBC,ARM!Apply force boundary conditions to armature ALLSEL,ALL ARSCAL,ALL,.01,.01,1,1!Scale model to MKS(meters)FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.28,！施加边界条件和载荷/SOLU ESEL,S,MAT,3!Select coil elem
22、ents BFE,ALL,JS,1,jdens/.01*2!Apply current density(A/m*2)ESEL,ALL NSEL,EXT!Select exterior nodes D,ALL,AZ,0!Set potentials to zero(flux-parallel)ALLSEL,ALL FINISH！求解/SOLU MAGSOLV!Solve magnetic field SAVE FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.29,！后处理，检查计算结果/POST1 PLF2D!Plot f
23、lux lines in the model FMAGSUM!Summarize magnetic forces PLVECT,B,VECT,ELEM,ON!Plot flux density as vectors/GRAPHICS,POWER!Turn PowerGraphics on AVRES,2!Dont average results across materials PLNSOL,B,SUM!Plot flux density magnitude FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.30,4 2D
24、 时谐分析4.1 导体模型4.2 振幅、初相位和频率,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.31,正旋变化的交变磁场在导体内会感应出涡流，在时谐分析中提供了更多的导体模型,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.32,1）短路实心导体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(RSVX)产生的涡流在回路内流动，无电压降,4.1 导体模型,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.33,2）开路实心导体自由度：A
25、Z，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.34,3）电流激励实心导体自由度：AZ，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合,在其中一个节点上给定电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.35,4）电流激励多股线圈自由度：AZ材料属性：r 用 BFE命令施加单元电流密度JS5）电压激励多股线圈(PLANE53)自由度：AZ，CURR材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)实常数：C
26、ARE,TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL用 BFE命令施加电压VLTG耦合区域内所有单元的CURR自由度，因为CURR是流过每匝线圈的电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.36,6）单端共地多根实心导体自由度：AZ，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合用来仿真鼠笼转子等器件，忽略端部效应,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.37,7）电路激励多股线圈自由度：AZ，CURR,EMF材料属性：r(RSVX)实常数：CARE,
27、TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL 所有的CURR自由度需耦合,EMF自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.38,8）电路激励实心导体自由度：AZ，CURR,EMF材料属性：r(RSVX)实常数：CARE,LENG,所有的CURR自由度需耦合,EMF自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.39,9）叠片结构铁磁体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,忽略区域内的涡流10）空气（同静态分析）11）运动导体（同静态分析
28、）,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.40,4.2 振幅、初相位和频率,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.41,5 2D 瞬态分析5.1 边界条件和载荷（激励）5.2 后处理5.3 实例,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.42,5.1 振幅、初相位和频率,边界条件和载荷都随时间变化，可以按照其变化确定载荷步，建立载荷文件。每一载荷步需指定：边界条件或载荷以及对应的时间载荷斜坡
29、变化或阶跃变化是否自动时间步长,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.43,5.2 后处理,1）POST1 某一时间点的分析结果SET,TIME 2)POST26，变量的时间历程结果载入结果文件：RESUME 定义变量,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.44,假定：没有磁饱和周围没有漏磁,5.3 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.45,线圈由上图所示的电压驱动，通
30、过分析，得到如下结果：线圈电流变化作用在衔铁上电磁力的变化线圈电感的变化,0 0.01 0.03 0.06 t(s),v(V),12 0,step1 step2 step3,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.46,！step1TIME,.01DELTIM,.002OUTRES,ALL,ALLSOLVE！step2TIME,.03NSUBST,1SOLVE！step3TIME,.03DELTIM,.005TIME,.06NSUBST,1SOLVEFINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.47,！求电磁力、线圈电流和电感/POST26PMGTRAN,ARM,COIL,COILFINISH,
