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1、,Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech间接引语.,直接引述别人的话，要加引号,用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语;二.用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语.,）人称的变化,一随主,二随宾,三不变,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变,She said,“I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis,He said to Lily,“you m
2、ust get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me,“They want tohelp him”,She told me that That they wanted help him,一随主，二随宾，三不变,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,this,that,these,those,now,then,that day,
3、today,yesterday,the day before,tomorrow,the next day,next week（month，year）,the next week(month,year),here,there,come,go,this week,that week,一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。,“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo
4、shoppingwithher.,The boy said,”Im reading a book.”,Direct speech 直接引语,The boy said(that)he was reading a book.,Reported speech间接引语.,“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。,“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语
5、变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：,Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,Practice:1)He said,“My brother failed in the exam.”He said _brother had failed in the exam.2)He said to Mary,“How is your mother now?”he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said,she is
6、 a good student.My teacher said _was a good student4)He said to me,“Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,his,her,she,he,her,my,He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？”He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked me,Do you like playing football?“He aske
7、d me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me:“What is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me,How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.”The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door,please.”He
8、 asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.”She says(that)she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says“I shall tell you about them.”He often tells me that he will tell me about them.,记住：动词时态的变化,1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）一般现在时 He said,“I can do w
9、ell in English.”现在进行时 He said,“Im writing a letter.”一般将来时 Tom said to me“I will call you tomorrow”,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,He said that he could do well in English.,He said that he was writing a letter.,Tom told me that he would call me the next day.,注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。He says,“Im not good at
10、 math.”,He says that he is not good at math.,注意：(1)如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go.(3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.He saidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。My teacher said,“Tom is a
11、 good student.”My teacher said Tom is a good student.,I can speak three languages.,He said he could speak three languages.,What did he say?,I am mad at Marcia.,He said he was mad at Marcia.,What did he say?,What did they say?They said they were having a party for Lana.,she was hard-working,I am hard
12、-working.,What did she say?,She said,she was not lazy.,What did she say?,She said,I am not lazy.,he was good at playing basketball.,What did he say?,He said,Im good at playing basketball.,I am good at English.,She said she was good at English.,What did she say?,What did she say?,I do well in English
13、.,She said she did well in English.,do well in,I do well in English.,I go to beach every Sunday.,What did he say?He said he_.,went to beach every Sunday,What did she say?She said she_.,would call me tomorrow,I will call you tomorrow.,“What are you doing?”,She asked me,I was doing.,what,“Why do you l
14、ike English?”,He asked me,I liked English,why,“Where does he live?”,She asked me,he lived.,where,“How does she go to school?”,She asked me,She went to school.,how,“Do you know my name?”,She asked me,I knew her name.,Whether/if,是否,When do you have math?(They asked him),They asked him,when,you have ma
15、th,you have math.,he,had,They asked him when he had math.,Summary(总结),1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语,Do you have math?(They asked him),They asked him,Whether/if,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had math.,2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语,将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1.Lana said,Im going to have a surprise par
16、ty for Maria.Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria.,Can you play the piano?(They asked him),They asked him,Whether/if,You can play the piano,you can play the piano.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the piano.,She said to me“Why are you interested in science?
17、”She asked me _ _ _interested in science.2.He asked him“when will you buy the red coat?”He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat.3.Shirley asked me“Where were you born?”Shirley asked me _ _ _ born.4.“Whats wrong with you?”Lily asked me.Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.5.The girl asked me“What happened?”The gir
18、l asked me _ _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,what happened,1.“Where is she from?”He asked where she was from.2.“How old are they?”He asked how old they were.3.“Whats the weather like today?”He asked what the weather was like that day.4.“How do you go to school?.”H
19、e asked how you went to school.5.“Who is singing?”He asked who was singing.6.“When do you get up?”He wanted to know when I got up.,直接引语转间接引语其他部分变化,hereover heretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlast week/month/yearnext week/month/yearagothe day after tomorrowthisthesecomebring,thereover therethat nigh
20、tthenthat daythe day beforethe next daythe week/moth/yearbeforethe next week/month/yearbeforetwo days laterthatthosegotake,1、直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：,3、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:,4、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：,5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语 或地点状语一律不变：,注意！,this,that,these,those,2.The teacher said,My students
21、 are hard-working.The teacher said that his/her students were hardworking.3.Tom told Jane,I will lend my bicycle to you.Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane.,5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstime to go home.”,4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”,Mr.WangsaidthathewouldleaveforShangha
22、ithenextmonth.,Shetoldhimthatitwastime to go home.,2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否）引导。主句中的动词是said时改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑问语序,Heasked mewhether/if Iwasastudent.,陈述语序,2)特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing
23、?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.The policeman asked the small boy,“Where do you live?”,The policeman asked the small boy where he lived.,Father asked his son where he was going,疑问语序,陈述语序,疑问语序,陈述语序,3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,等,而把直接引语的祈使句变成带(not)to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/order sb(not)to do sth如:
24、,1 The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。2.The teacher said to us,”Dont play in class.The teacher told/asked us not to play in class.,change the direct speech into reported speech,1 The girl said,“I will have a party
25、.”The girl said(that)she would have a party.2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?”He asked me if/whether my father was a doctor.3 The police asked the man,“Where are you going?”The police asked the man where he was going.,4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!”Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlie
26、r.5 The teacher said to us,“Dont talk in class!”The teacher told/asked us not to talk in class.6 The teacher said,“The moon goes around the earth.”The teacher said(that)the moon goes around the earth.,1.“I am good at English,”Lucy said.2.“Li Lei is reading a book,”Peter said to Lucy.3.“We will have
27、a football match,”he told his mother.,Lucy said she was good at English.,Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.,He told his mother they would have a football match.,二.把下列句子变为间接引语。,4.“They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,”the boy said.,The boy said they went to school every
28、 day except Saturday and Sunday.,5.She asked me,Why do you want to do this?She asked me why I wanted to do that.,Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导主语（said)that+句子（时态往过去推 told 2 当直接引语是一般疑问句:用 if引导 whether主语（asked)if+一般疑问句(主谓结构）whether窍门（do/does/did去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主语后）,3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问
29、词引导（what/where等）主语 asked+what 特殊疑问句（主谓）where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+told sb(not)to do sth asked ordered,8.“Did you see her last week?”he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked,“How did you find it,mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ fou
30、nd it.11.“Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13.“Stop making so much noise,children.”he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14.“Dont tell him the news.”she said.She told me _ _ him the news.15.“Are you intested in this?”he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.,if,asked,told,before,she,could,where,how,had,i,had,those,lived,i,if,stop,to,told,to,not,asked,tell,if,that,
