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1、第八讲：省略句，强调句和倒装句,By Alfred,倒装句,什么是倒装句？,在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。倒装可分为:全部倒装 局部倒装,、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫局部倒装。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.,、整个谓语在前的句子，叫全部倒装。Here comes the car.,一、全部倒装,There+动词结构中常常使用全部倒装，这类动词主要有:exist,seem,
2、happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.,_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A.There stand;at B.There stands;underC.Stands there;underD.There stands;at,将out/here/there/now/then 等副词在句首，表强调，也要使用全部倒装句型结构：副词+动词+主语,Here comes the
3、 bus.There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.Out went the children.,注：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变,Here you are.Here it is.In he comes.,There _.And here _.A.goes the phone;she comesB.is the phone going;is sheC.does the phone go;does she comeD.the phone goes;come she,Out _,with a stick in his hand.A.did he rush B.r
4、ushed heC.he rushed D.he did rush,练习：,当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall,under the tree,in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)在句首时，也要使用全部倒装。,At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.The soldiers ran to the building,on the top of which flew a flag.East of the lake lie two towns.Under the tree wa
5、s lying a wounded soldier.,In the middle of the church _ man.A.stood such an oldB.stood a so oldC.stood such old aD.stands so an old,On the wall _ two pictures.A.Hang B.HangsC.Hanged D.Hanging,表语置于句首,一般也使用全部倒装：,形容词+系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.,2)过去分词+系动词+
6、主语 Gone are the days.,3)介词短语+be+主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.,_,a man of achievements,deep thoughts,but with simple habits.A.Einstein was such B.Such was Einstein C.Einstein was so D.So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A.Gone B.Go C.To go D.G
7、oing,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、have放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。以下几种情况我们要使用局部倒装。,1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子，使用局部倒装。,这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,no sooner（立即）,not only,in no way（决不）,at no time,few,not,no等,如:,Not a word d
8、id I say to him.Never have I found him so happy.Little does he care about what I said.I cant swim.Neither can he.No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.,巩固练习:1)Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A.I had arrived atB.had I arrivedC.had I reachedD.I had got to2)Have you ever seen an
9、ything like that before?No,_ anything like that before.A.I never have seen B.never I have seenC.never have I seen D.I have seen3)She is not fond of cooking,_ I.A.so amB.nor amC.neitherD.nor do,2.only+状语短语，副词或状语从句放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(介词短语)Only then did I real
10、ize the importance of math.(副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.(状语从句),Only in this way _ make progress in your English.A.youB.can youC.you be able to D.will you able to Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A.he could B.he was able toC.
11、was he able toD.was able to he,3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,I saw the film,so did she.I love English,so does he.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A.did she speak;could everyone B.did she speak;everyone couldC.she spoke;could eve
12、ryone D.she spoke;everyone could,4.Not only+分句,but also+分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:,Not only did he make a promise,but also he kept it.,Not only is she pretty but also she is kindhearted.,_ himself wrong,but his friends were wrong.A.Not was only he B.Not only heC.Not only was he D.Not only was,5.Not until放在句
13、首,从句不倒装,主句局部倒装。如:,Not until last week did they find the lost bike.(简单句)Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.(复合句),Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is.A.man didB.manC.didnt manD.did manNot until I began to work _ realize how mu
14、ch time I had wasted.A.didnt I B.did I C.I didntD.I,6.在以often,well,many a time,now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:,Many a time has John given me good advice.,Often did she come to my house in the past.,Many a time _ swimming alone.A.the boy wentB.went the boy C.did the boy go D.did go the b
15、oy,综合练习；将下列句子改为倒装：,1.The shop will not open until 9 oclock._the shop open.2.I will never see you again._you again.3.I realized that I was wrong only then._that I was wrong.,Not until 9 oclock will,Never will I,Only then did I realize,4.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain._ than it began t
16、o rain.5.Many trees stand on both sides of the road._many trees.,No sooner had I got home,On both sides of road stand,中译英：,做饭不仅使孩子们更加独立，给他们一项基本的生活技能，而且还可以让他们远离垃圾食品。（not onlybut also：不仅而且;independent:独立的;junk food：垃圾食品）只有在你成功时你才会感到快乐。(delighted：快乐的；开心的),Not only can cooking make children more indepen
17、dent,giving them a basic life skill,but also keeps them away from junk food.,Not until you are successful will you feel delighted.,如此令人钦佩的一个摄影师，总能拍出优秀的作品。（admirable：令人钦佩的；photographer：摄影师;excellent：优秀的）尽管他是一个小偷，却从来没有被指控过犯罪。(accuse sb.of 罪行：控诉某人某罪；crime：犯罪)直到他来帮忙，我们才意识到任务的最后期限就要到了。(assist：帮忙；deadline
18、：最后期限),Never has he been accused of crime,although he is a thief.,Such an admirable photographer is he that he can always take excellent pictures.,Not until he came to help did we realize the deadline was about to come.,强调句,什么是强调句？,强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。最常见结构
19、是It is(was)+被强调部分+who(that).。修饰人时，that或者who都可以，修饰物则使用that，需注意的是：强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。被强调部分可以是：主语，宾语，地点状语，时间状语。值得注意的是，强调句不能强调动词！,They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.强调主语It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.强调宾语It is a meeting that they will have in the hall
20、tomorrow.强调地点状语It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.强调时间状语It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.,使用以上句型时，有几点注意：,1.主谓一致：被强调部分作主语时，其形式与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。,It is your father who/that is wrong this time.,It is his parents who/that have come to China.,It is Mary who oft
21、en _(help/helps)me with my English.It is I that _(be)against you.It is the boy students of Class Two who _ playing football on the playground.,helps,am,are,练习：,2.人称照应：强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。It is I who am wrong.It was her who I saw in the street just now.,这次得冠军的是她。It was _ that won the championship this ti
22、me.你明天要去采访的是他。It is _who you will interview tomorrow.,she,him,强调句的问句形式：,一般问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他成分 Is it the dictionary that you are looking for?Was it yesterday that he was fired?,将下列句子变成一般疑问句：,It is the Chinese women that play a great role in the socialist construction.It is him that I met yes
23、terday in the park.It was at the gate that Mary told me the news.It was George that is my favorite student.,特殊问句：疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分What is it that you want me to do?Who was it that told you the news?When was it that you called me?How was it that you succeed?,将下列句子变成特殊疑问句：,It was in 1969 that th
24、e American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.It was Mr.Wong that talked to me about this yesterday.It was in the park that my girlfriend broke up with me.It was in the evening that she was robbed.,When was it that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon?,Who was it that talk
25、ed to me about this yesterday?,Where was it that your girlfriend broke up with you?,When was it that she was robbed?,强调句型的判断：,把“It is/was-that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整，那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：It is he who/that often helps me with my English.It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.It was b
26、ecause of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.,It was 9 oclock when we came back 我们回来时是九点钟。It was 3 hours since we had come back我们回来已三个小时了。在上面例句中若去掉It was.when/before/since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。,判断下列句子是否为强调句：,It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.It is J
27、eff that I met in the park last night.ItwasApril29,2011when PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.,主语从句,强调句,状语从句,强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别：,It was in 1921 that our Party was founded.(强调句式)It was 1921 when our Party was founded.(定语从句)It was at the street corner that I me
28、t Lucy yesterday.（强调句式）It was the street corner where I met Lucy yesterday.（定语从句）,1.It was at the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.A.where B.at which C.which D.that2.It was the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.A.which B.that C.where D.the one,It was midnight _ he came back.It was at midnight _ he came b
29、ack.,when,that,It is in the classroom _ we will have the test.It is the classroom _ we will have the test.,that,where,省略句,什么是省略句？,省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句。这种语法现象称为“省略”其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。,省略主语：,我们在祈使句中常常省略主语，表示“命令，要求”等等口气。(I)Thank you for your help
30、.(I)See you tomorrow.(It)sounds like a good idea.(I)Beg your pardon.,有的时候连主谓一起省略，或者省略主谓的一部分。(There is)No smoking.(Will you)Have a smoke?(You come)This way,please.,补充下列句子的省略部分：,(I)Havent seen you for ages.(It)Sounds like a good idea.(I am)Sorry to hear that.(You walk)this way,please!(Would you like)J
31、oining us for a walk.(Would you like)Some more tea?(It)Doesnt matter.(It is a)Pity you couldnt come.(What/Such)Terrible weather!(Are you)Going to the supermarket?,省略宾语：,在对话或并列句中，如果主语，谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相同的宾语。Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates.省略了dancing.,省略表语：,有时候为了说话不重复，我们将表语也省略。Are you thirsty?-Yes,I
32、am(thirsty).His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister(lazy).,省略做宾语的不定式短语：,省略作宾语的不定式短语，但是结尾必须保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have。Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to(go there).He didnt give me the chance,though he had promised to(give me the chance).Are you an engineer?-No,but I want to be(an engineer)
33、.He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought to have(finished the task).,同时省略好几个成分：,-Have you finished you work?-Not yet.I havent finished my work yet.Good luck!I wish good luck to you.,1.-Does your brother intend to study German?-Yes,he intends_.A/B.to C.so D.that,2.The boy wanted to ride his bic
34、ycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,3.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.LostC.Losing D.Because of losing,B,A,C,其他几种省略句的情况：,两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。（一般省略动词）My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I s
35、tudy at college and my sister(studies)at high school.,省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell,appear,seem,afraid等。(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think so.(2)She must be busy now?-If so,she cant go with us.(3)Is she feeling better today?-Im afraid not.(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?-I guess not.,Thats all,thank you!,
